抗TY番茄新品种海纳178的选育

海纳178是以K-1-4-5-1-3为母本,H-5-1-4-2-2为父本组配而成的番茄一代杂种。该品种为无限生长类型,植株生长健壮;成熟果大红色,色泽鲜亮;果硬、耐贮运,单果质量180 g左右,中熟,抗黄化曲叶病毒病,植株综合抗逆性强。     

Greenhouse solarization: effects on soil microbiological parameters and agronomic aspects

The aim of this work is to study three soil solarizing film's (EVA, COE and BIO) effects on microbial biomass and their respiration activities and beside on some agronomic traits of tomato and melon as subsequent vegetable crop cultivation on solarized soil. The responses are that the used films increased different temperature levels in the soil; in fact, in the upper soil depth, BIO film, during the 37 days of solarization treatments, reached 137 h in which the recorded temperatures went over 60 °C, followed by EVA film with 80 h and COE film with 60 h affecting variously the thermic regime. The used films had great effects on all microbiological (MBC and MBN) and enzymatic parameters (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase and arilsulphatase). Furthermore, the variation of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica) on tomato and melon roots were assessed and some qualitative and yield traits of both vegetable crops were also reported as affected by soil solarization treatments. In all cases the BIO film has showed comparable yield results with EVA and COE films, with the advantage that it is compatible for a more sustainable agriculture practice.     

Quantitative trait loci controlling flowering time and related traits in a Solanum lycopersicum × S. pimpinellifolium cross

Flowering time is an important factor determining early yield in tomato. However, the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling flowering time and their relation to other QTLs for morphological and physiological traits have not been well studied. The aim of this study was to map the chromosomal regions controlling days to flowering (DTF) concurrently with other traits, such as the number of leaves preceding the first inflorescence (LN), length of the largest leaf (LL), number of lateral shoots (LS), fresh weight (FRW) and plant height (PH). This was undertaken using an inbred backcross population derived from a cross between the commercial cultivar Solanum lycopersicum cv. ‘M570018’ and its close wild relative S. pimpinellifolium (PI124039). S. pimpinellifolium flowers earlier than the cultivated tomato. Plants were grown in spring and summer. Composite interval mapping detected 16 QTLs for the six traits evaluated. These QTLs explained 10–42% of the individual phenotypic variation. QTLs detected in spring generally did not differ from those detected in summer. In chromosome 1, the DTF QTL was co-located with the QTLs for LL, LS and FRW, while in chromosome 3 it was co-located with the QTLs for LN, FRW (summer) and PH. One DTF QTL that was detected in chromosome 3 and conferred by the S. pimpinellifolium allele hastens flowering. The co-location of the DTF QTL with the LN QTL suggested that the DTF QTL in chromosome 3 controls the period from the vegetative to reproductive phase. Co-locations of DTF QTLs with the other traits might be pleiotropic effects of a single gene or cluster of genes via physiological relationships among traits because they were found to be highly significantly correlated.     

利用色差仪估测番茄果实番茄红素含量的研究

利用色差仪评价了果实番茄红素含量差异明显的TA517、TA1527及E6203等番茄材料的果实颜色,采用HPLC技术测定了番茄红素含量,建立了果实颜色系数对番茄红素含量的回归方程,然后对28份番茄材料进行了番茄红素含量预测,进一步证实了3个果实颜色系数的回归方程得到的番茄红素含量的预测值与实际测定值符合程度高。结果表明,色差仪法具有简便、快速、成本低等特点,可以用来预测番茄红素含量。     

俄罗斯优良番茄品种筛选及品比试验(二)

番茄是设施生产的主要蔬菜之一.近年来由于病害加剧,加之很少有抗性优良品种,致使番茄总产量呈下降趋势.为筛选适合北京地区栽培的优质、高产、抗病的番茄品种,引进了一批俄罗斯番茄品种进行试验观察.其中A-10、9-1、42号都是较优的品种.     

不同丛枝菌根真菌对番茄酶活性及光合作用的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了不同丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对番茄酶活性及光合作用的影响.结果表明,6种不同AM真菌(Glomus versiforme,Glomus mosseae-2,Glomus intraradices,Glomusdiuphauam,Glomus mosseae,Glomus etunicatum)侵染番茄后,与对照相比番茄叶片POD、SOD、PAL、PPO活性显著的增加,MDA含量显著下降,其中接种G.v的诱导作用最大;G v对番茄的菌根侵染率、菌根依赖性最大,分别是52.7%和75%,其提高番茄光合的效果最为显著.     

光强对番茄氮素代谢及相关酶活性的影响

在日光温室内,以普通番茄为试材,进行开花期、坐果期、绿熟期的透光率100%、75%、50%、25%的不同光照强度处理,研究了 NO3 -的吸收、运输和还原、无机氮含量变化以及有机氮含量变化和一些相关酶的活性.结果表明:番茄根系活力受光强的影响较小;伤流液量及伤流液、茎、叶中 NO3 -的吸收和运输随光强的减弱而降低.谷氨酰胺合成酶活性与光强降低呈正相关.随光强减弱番茄叶和茎上部全氮含量先升高后降低,茎下部全氮含量先降低后升高.光照强度影响有机氮化物的含量,适度遮荫时番茄氨基酸和可溶性蛋白质升高,而光强继续降低则含量也降低.短期弱光促进叶部氨基酸和蛋白质合成积累,处理时间延长有机氮化物合成与积累受到抑制.     

康宁木霉对根结线虫的防治研究初报

以我国商品化的康宁木霉为生防制剂,将其应用到蔬菜根结线虫病的防治中.结果表明:康宁木霉对番茄生长发育有明显的促进作用,对感染根结线虫的番茄施用木霉制剂后可以显著降低其根部根瘤数,明显增强番茄根系活力,延长结实期.     

NaCl盐胁迫对番茄种子萌发的影响

对NaCl盐胁迫下番茄种子萌发特性进行了研究和品种间比较,研究了不同浓度盐处理下种子发芽势、发芽率、萌发时间和萌发整齐度、简化活力指数、耐盐指数及幼苗生长的情况.结果表明:盐胁迫下,2个品种番茄发芽势、发芽率、简化活力指数和耐盐指数均呈下降趋势;胚根/胚芽比在低盐浓度时呈现下降趋势,但随浓度增加而呈上升趋势.说明低盐浓度可刺激种子萌发,但在较高盐浓度胁迫下种子活力下降,下降程度的差异说明耐盐性不同;随盐浓度增加,种子的萌发时间延长,萌发整齐度下降,品种不同萌发时间和萌发整齐度不同.     

稻草不同时期施入土壤对日光温室番茄生长发育影响

采用桶栽法研究了稻草不同时期施入土壤对番茄生长发育的影响。试验结果表明,稻草 鸡粪前施处理较后施处理明显提高了番茄株高、茎粗和叶片数,促进了番茄植株的生长,增加了番茄单果质量,提高了产量,增加了果实可溶性固形物的含量,改善了果实品质。稻草前施50d的处理效果更加明显。