中国竹乡城市发展现状、问题及建议

概述了中国30大竹乡在城市建设及竹产业发展方面的现状,分析了中国竹乡城市的建设策略与发展模式,提出了竹乡城市发展中存在的问题及解决的对策。     

记述中国蝴蝶新记录亚种

记述了中国2个蝴蝶新记录亚种,其中兰带枯叶蛱蝶云南亚种为枯叶蛱蝶属,采自云南省腾冲高黎贡山,研究标本保存于西南林业大学标本馆;云南矩环蝶马鞍底亚种为矩环蝶属,采自云南省红河州金平县马鞍底乡,研究标本保存于马鞍底中国·红河蝴蝶谷展览馆。     

皆伐炼山对华西雨屏区杉木人工林碳库的影响

人工林生态系统的C储量是陆地生态系统碳库之一,皆伐炼山所造成的环境负效应值得深思.本文以华西雨屏区28 a生杉木人工林为研究对象,旨在阐明皆伐和炼山对杉木人工林生态系统C库的影响.结果如下：（1）皆伐所造成的干材C转移量为85.9（±7.6）t·hm-2、（2）炼山所造成的采伐剩余物、林下层植物和凋落物C量损失分别为8.8（±0.3）t·hm-2、0.19（±0.02）t·hm-2和2.80（±0.08）t·hm-2、（3）炼山能显著降低0 ～60 cm层的土壤有机碳含量,其C损失量为39.5（±1.0）t·hm-2.炼山造成的采伐剩余物、林下层植物、凋落物和土壤有机质燃烧所释放CO2量为188.1 t·hm-2.在全球气候变化情景下,人工林皆伐炼山所造成的环境负效应不容忽视.     

以生态文明理念建设美丽千岛湖的思考

弘扬生态文明,建设美丽中国,赋予了林业前所未有的历史使命。千岛湖的建设者通过50年的不懈努力,建章立制,分类经营,创新工作,以渔护水,打造了千岛湖一流的生态环境,为发挥人的主观能动性、生态文明建设"五位一体"协调发展提供了佐证。针对千岛湖生态文明建设中存在的不足与困难,建议大力推进千岛湖林相改造工程,建设布点成网的森林休闲旅游项目,加强千岛湖山水资源保护,加大生态产业建设步伐,同时深化国有林场改革。     

东北黑土带土地利用变化特征及生态敏感性评价

东北黑土带是我国重要的商品粮生产基地,土壤质量退化、水土流失等问题直接影响生态与粮食供给安全,为明晰东北黑土带土地利用变化特征及评价生态敏感性,以2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年东北黑土带5期土地利用数据为基础,采用转移矩阵、地理探测器、综合生态风险评价等方法,研究景观格局及生态风险变化趋势。结果表明：(1)2000—2020年,研究区未利用地面积增加1 035.7km²,水域面积减少975.8 km²,土地利用变化最明显,耕地是阶段性变化较为剧烈的土地利用方式;(2)不同自然因子对研究区土地利用方式的解释力存在显著差异,气温是土地利用方式变化的主导因素,风速与高程、气温、蒸发量、地温、气压、相对湿度、日照时间的交互作用对土地利用方式变化具有显著的协同增强作用;(3)随时间推移,研究区生态敏感性整体改善,高度敏感区域减少,轻度敏感区域增加,并且出现生态敏感高值区向北移动、低值区向南移动趋势,研究区生态敏感性高值区的形成可能与以风蚀为主的侵蚀作用有关。宏观尺度景观格局变化分析与生态风险评价对区域生态环境保护政策制定及实...     

Studying the function of ecosystem in preventing aeolian dust emission in the dryland areas of China

Aeolian dust emissions can cause many environmental hazards, like accelerating land degradation and desertification, polluting air, harming human health, and so on. The dryland areas of China (DAC) are hot spots of aeolian dust emissions. To date, many efforts have been paid to researching dust emissions processes and effects, but research studies on ecosystems' function in preventing dust emissions are still very limited. In this study, we investigated the function of DAC ecosystems in preventing dust emissions, and the corresponding driving factors through integrated wind erosion modelling system (IWEMS) modelling. The main results indicate that: (1) from 2001 to 2020, the ecosystems of DAC prevented the emission of dust ~40,554 Tg, approximately 15 times as much as the total actual dust emission (~2776 Tg); (2) the function of DAC ecosystems in preventing dust emissions was relatively strong in spring and winter; (3) grassland ecosystems had the strongest function in preventing dust emissions among all the land cover types, avoiding the emission of dust ~20,857 Tg over 2001–2020; (4) dust emission prevention function provided by the DAC ecosystems benefits almost every region of China, which provides a theoretical basis for formulating ecological compensation policies; and (5) the changes in dust emissions were dominated by wind speed in most areas of DAC.     

中国野生樱花史考

中国是世界野生樱花自然分布区之一,中国野生樱花利用有7000多年历史,观赏栽培有2000多年历史。据文献考证,中国古代樱花与樱桃同种异名,实属同源。     

Correlations Analysis between Polymorphism of 3’-UTR in MSTN Gene and Slaughter Traits of China Red Steppe

In order to study the effect of myostatin (MSTN) gene on the meat performance of Local Yellow cattle in China,selecting 2 Local cattle breeds (Grassland Red bull,Yanbian cattle) as the research object,four binary hybrid cattle group (Germany Yellow cattle×Simmental,Limousin×Simmental,Charolais×Simmental and Red Angus×Simmental) as reference.PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing methods were conducted to detect single nucleotide polymorphism of MSTN gene in two Chinese native cattle and four cross cattle,and analyzed the correlations between single nucleotide polymorphism of China Red Steppe MSTN gene and slaughter traits.The sequence analysis showed that there was no mutations in the MSTN gene exon 3,a C5358A mutation of 3'-UTR of MSTN gene was found,which made the AclⅠrestriction enzyme site disappeared,all cattle groups showed polymorphism which was formed two genes as A,C, and 3 genotypes as AA,CA and CC, respectively.The research results suggested that AA genotype in groups of four hybrid cattle had dominant advantage and the genotype frequency was apparently higher than two groups of Chinese Native cattle for the test of independence,allele A was expressed the preferential allelic,the frequencies of CA,CC and AA genotypes showed a little variation between two cross cattle and Native cattle,and the frequency of allele C was apparently higher than allele A,so allele C was designed the preferential allelic in the local population.While correlations between different genotypes of China Red Steppe and slaughter traits analysis showed that AA genotype individual net meat percentage and eye muscle area were significantly higher than CA and CC genotype individuals (P<0.05),but other slaughter straits had no significant differences in three genotypes(P>0.05).These results provided a useful reference for research of the meat performance of China Red Steppe in the molecular breeding field.     

Substrate use and postural behavior in free‐ranging snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) in Yunnan

Extant colobines represent a predominantly arboreal primate radiation, but there are outliers such as some species of snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus spp.) that utilize both arboreal and terrestrial substrates. We quantified the degree of terrestriality and the distribution of individuals across canopy levels, the extrinsic and intrinsic determinants and constraints of strata association as well as use of postures in relation to behavior and food sources in a wild population of Yunnan snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) in the Samage Forest, China. The subjects spent 80.5% of the observation time in the trees and 19.5% on the ground. Ground use occurred most frequently in the context of travelling (61%) and less often in the context of feeding and resting (30% combined). Adult males frequented the ground significantly more often than other age‐sex classes. Age‐sex differences were also apparent in substrate preferences, which likely reflect body weight constraints. Adult males were significantly more associated with solid substrates and less with terminal branches than adult females and juveniles. Juveniles were seen more often on unstable ground (i.e. on thin and oblique branches) and in the upper canopy. Substrate use also varied with behavior: feeding was much more common in the upper stratum, outer canopy, on highly inclined and thin branches, as compared to resting. Severe weather also influenced canopy use in that tree crowns were used less often during periods of snowfall. The most frequently exhibited resting and feeding postures was sitting. Standing and suspensory postures were most often used in the context of feeding on lichens.     

典型旱年农业干旱遥感监测指标在东北地区生长季的表现

以8d为时间尺度,以土壤相对湿度（RSM）为参考指标,采用相关分析方法,分析评估典型旱年2009年作物生长季内分别表征降水、土壤和作物的3个类别10种农业干旱遥感监测指数在东北地区的适用性。结果表明：（1）生长季中、后期,综合考虑冠层温度和植被特征的温度植被干旱指数（TVDI）与RSM的相关系数绝对值在0.5左右,对土壤湿度变化较敏感,可用于该生长阶段的农业干旱监测;（2）考虑作物前期缺水的累积作物缺水指数（ACWSI）是与RSM相关性较好的指数之一,在生长季前期和后期与RSM的相关系数绝对值在0.47以上,表现良好,但应用过程中需注意累积效应的时间尺度;（3）表观热惯量（ATI）更适于生长季前期干旱监测,改进型能量指数（MEI）适用于各种植被覆盖条件,但存在一定不稳定性;（4）考虑前期累积降水的APCI指数比仅考虑8d降水的条件降水指数PCI更能反映土壤湿度状况,特别是在生长季中、后期,可作为其它监测指数的补充;（5）条件植被指数（VCI）、归一化差异水分指数（NDWI）与RSM相关性较低,对现时土壤湿度的反映不敏感,不适于研究区内短时间尺度的农业干旱监测。研究结果可为东北地区开展农业干旱监测选取合适指标提供参考,也可为农业干旱指数的广泛应用构建可行性框架。