Pseudomonas sp.20#-5防治烟草黑胫病田间试验初报

20^#-5菌株是本实验室从土壤中分离保存的1株假单胞菌,2006年对其发酵液防治烟草黑胫病进行了田间防效试验。结果显示,不同发病时期20^#-5菌发酵液的防治效果在64.39%～79.70%,高于对照药剂,防治效果较好。不同施药时期调查结果表明,发病前施用20^#-5菌发酵液的防治效果要好于发病后施用,说明20^#-5菌发酵液对烟草黑胫病具有有效的预防作用。     

细辛挥发油抗植物病原真菌活性初步研究

从天然产物包括植物中开发新的高效低毒环境友好型杀虫杀菌剂，是农药领域重要的研究内容。细辛（Asarum）为马兜铃科（Aristolochiaceae）草本植物，是我国特有的传统中药，中医用于治疗风寒头痛、痰饮咳喘、关节疼痛、鼻塞、牙痛、胃炎以及口腔糜烂等。有文献报道，细辛提取物对黄曲霉（Aspergillus sp．）、黑曲霉（Aspergillusr sp．）、人类致病菌白色念珠菌（Candida sp．）、伤寒杆菌（Salmonella sp．）有抑菌作用；对人参黑斑病菌（Alternaria panax）、人参根疫病菌（Phytophthora cactorum）、腐皮镰孢（Fusarium solani）和番茄灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea）等植物病原菌具有较好的抗菌效果。有关细辛抗菌机制的研究尚未见报道。本文选择9属16种植物病原真菌进行生物测定，探讨细辛挥发油抗菌的广谱性，并以Alternaria humicola为研究对象，对其抗菌机理进行初步研究，以便为开发新型植物杀菌剂提供理论依据。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Spongospora subterranea</Emphasis> soil contamination and its relationship to severity of powdery scab on potatoes

We investigated soil contamination by Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea (Sss) and disease severity of powdery scab in 29 potato fields in Hokkaido, Japan, using a hydroponic culture method with tomato seedlings as bait plants. The quantity of Sss infection on the roots of bait plants was evaluated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and expressed in terms of the infection potential in the soil. The infection potential was positively correlated with the disease severity of harvested tubers, whereas the spore ball density determined using PCR had an indistinct relationship with disease severity. The infection potential can be useful in evaluating soil contamination and in applying countermeasures against powdery scab.     

Susceptibility and resistance of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Beta vulgaris</Emphasis> subsp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">maritima</Emphasis> to foliar rub-inoculation with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Beet necrotic yellow vein virus</Emphasis>

Four lines (designated MR0, MR1, MR2, and M8) from 13 accessions of Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima were selected on the basis of phenotypes produced after foliar rub-inoculation with Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV). The susceptible phenotype developed bright yellow local lesions, whereas the resistant phenotype had symptoms ranging from no visible lesions to necrotic lesions at the inoculation site. MR1 and MR2 lines had a resistant phenotype depending on the isolate and the MR0 line was susceptible to all isolates of BNYVV tested. The M8 line was highly susceptible; the virus spread systemically and caused severe stunting. These plant lines will be useful for distinguishing BNYVV isolates having different pathogenicities, especially those controlled by RNA3 and/or RNA5.     

Root and stem rot of chrysanthemum caused by five <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pythium</Emphasis> species in Japan

Root and stem rot with wilt of above ground parts of cultivated chrysanthemums was first found in Ibaraki, Toyama and Kagawa prefectures, Japan in 2002 and 2003. Pythium species were isolated from the diseased tissues and identified as P. dissotocum, P. oedochilum, P. sylvaticum, P. ultimum var. ultimum and asexual strains of P. helicoides based on their morphologies and sequences of rDNA-ITS region. All the Pythium species were strongly pathogenic to chrysanthemums in pot conditions and were reisolated from the inoculated plants. Because Pythium root and stem rot of chrysanthemum has never been reported in Japan, we propose that this is a new disease that can be caused by the five Pythium species.     

几种药剂防治白萝卜蚜虫、烟粉虱试验效果

为探索防治白萝卜蚜虫、烟粉虱安全高效的药剂,减少农药用量,降低残留,使生产的白萝卜符合出口国要求,我们选择了几种药剂防治白萝卜蚜虫、烟粉虱的药剂,进行了田间试验。试验表明,在蚜虫、烟粉虱混合发生初期,用10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂15g/667m2,其药后5d、7d对蚜虫校正防效达到97.8%、95.8%;用1%除虫菊素-苦参碱微囊悬浮剂75mL/667m2,其药后5d、7d对烟粉虱校正防效达到73.9%、78.2%,在生产上应每隔7d用药1次,连用2次。以上2种药剂对白萝卜安全且有较好的防治效果。     

蒙椒3号甜椒的选育

蒙椒３号是用从美国加州大甜椒中选出的自交系８６０３ ７作母本,从吉林微辣型甜椒中选出的自交系８６０６ １作父本配制而成的甜椒一代杂种。该品种早熟,定植后３５ｄ（天）左右开始采收,植株生长势强,果实微辣、深绿色、灯笼形,中抗ＴＭＶ,每６６７ｍ２产量为２５００～３７００ｋｇ。适合于露地早熟覆膜及小拱棚栽培。     

早熟紫长茄新品种玫茄1号的选育

玫茄１号的母本是从台湾紫长茄中选育出的自交系２１－３,父本是从福建地方品种红茄中选育出的自交系２１－４,其杂种一代表现早熟,比对照闽茄１号早收７ｄ（天）,果长３０～３３ｃｍ,稍弯,果径４ｃｍ,单果重１８０ｇ,果皮鲜紫色,果肉乳白色,肉质细嫩,商品性好。一般每公顷产３０～４５ｔ,比对照增产１９．５％。该品种已在闽、浙、赣、粤等省推广,种植面积达３２００ｈｍ２。     

昆甘2号甘蓝的选育

昆甘２号是由２个稳定的自交不亲和系８０１４－１２－１２－１和８０４８配制的中晚熟甘蓝杂交一代,叶球紧实,扁圆型,主要作春甘蓝栽培,亦可作秋冬甘栽培,产量８０００～１００００ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２,在历年的区试及示范中表现出丰产,抗病（抗黑斑病,霜霉病）冬性强和品质好的特点。     

灵芝子实体及其深层培养产物特性的研究

本文对灵芝（Ｇ—６）子实体与发酵菌丝体的粗多糖、多糖组份、粗蛋白及氨基酸组成进行了比较。结果表明：发酵菌丝体中含有子实体中所具备的组份,但各组份在量上不同。菌丝体中的粗多糖及多糖含量均高于子实体分别为子实体的２．２６倍、３．５倍。菌丝体的蛋白含量明显高于子实体,比子实体高２．４７倍,且两者氨基酸组成不一致。其中子实体中必需氨基酸为总氨基酸量的５８．４％,而菌丝体中必需氨基酸为总氨基酸的４５．２％。