连云港地区矮败小麦利用与研究进展

矮败小麦是具有矮秆基因标记的太谷核不育小麦,根据轮回选择的基本原理和方法,结合矮败小麦的特点,建立耐盐碱、优质高产、丰产早熟和抗病等4个轮回选择群体,并进行小麦种质创新和新品种选育。     

作物孤雌生殖及其应用研究进展

系统介绍了孤雌生殖的概念及分类,总结了孤雌生殖在作物育种中的应用和重要意义,阐述了孤雌生殖后代的相关鉴定方法,并将孤雌生殖技术与传统育种方法作了对比,提出了孤雌生殖发生机理、诱导概率问题是今后的研究重点。     

南繁：现状与问题——南繁单位调查报告

了解南繁单位现状与面临的问题,是实施各种扶持和促进南繁事业发展政策的重要依据。为推进国家南繁育制种业核心区建设,不断发挥好南繁基地的集聚效应,促进种业科技创新和种子产业发展,中国农学会与三亚市南繁科学技术研究院组织开展了南繁单位需求调研。本研究以107家南繁单位的问卷调查资料为基础,分析了南繁单位的基本情况、条件建设以及问题与诉求等问题,提出了实施国家南繁发展战略、加快南繁基本条件建设、强化南繁种业科技园区功能设计等建议。     

分子标记在兰花遗传育种中的研究进展

综述了RFLP、RAPD、SCAR、ISSR、SRAP、AFLP、SSR等分子标记的基本原理和主要特点,从遗传多样性分析、亲缘关系研究、种质资源鉴定、遗传图谱构建与辅助选择育种等方面介绍了分子标记在兰花遗传育种工作中的现状及其研究进展,并提出展望。     

Genetic relationships and hybrid vigour in olive (Olea europaea L.) by microsatellites

The olive (Olea europaea) is one of the most important oleaginous crops of the Mediterranean basin. Increased demand for olive oil creates a need for new olive varieties to help meet the requirements of the global market. However, olive breeding has been handicapped by such varied challenges as a prolonged juvenile period, agrotechnical problems and insufficient genetic knowledge. The use of DNA markers has the potential to overcome these problems and increase the effectiveness of classical breeding programmes. In this study, co‐dominant polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were used as markers to analyse the genetic relationships between several local and other ‘non‐native’ olive cultivars. Cluster analysis revealed four major groups among the 15 cultivars examined in this study. Table and oil cultivars were clustered in different groups. However, the clusters did not differentiate between cultivars of different geographical origins. In addition, we used the data gathered to analyse genetic relationships to evaluate the effects of heterosis in agricultural traits. Genetic distances between cultivars were determined based on the SSR genotype data and were used for evaluating the possible effects of heterosis in various F₁ populations. Interestingly, phenotypic data of F₁ progenies from crosses between different cultivars indicated the potential effects of heterosis as expressed in several traits. Genetic distance between parents was significantly correlated to F₁ performance for three traits: percentage of dry fruit weight, oil content and commercial oil production. Thus, crosses between olive cultivars exhibiting relatively extensive genetic distances one from the other are expected to result in better progeny performance in future Olea breeding programmes. Our study linked assessment of biodiversity of commercial olive cultivars with the application of this information in olive breeding programmes for selection of specific parents to generate superior new cultivars.     

Effect of 3B, 5A and 3A QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance on agronomic and quality performance of Canadian winter wheat

The objectives of this study were to investigate (i) the correlations between Fusarium head blight (FHB) index, deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation and percentage of Fusarium‐damaged kernels (FDK) with agronomic and quality traits and (ii) the effect associated with the presence of single QTLs for FHB resistance on agronomic and quality traits in winter wheat. The population was derived from the cross between ‘RCATL33' (FHB resistance derived from ‘Sumai 3’ and ‘Frontana’) and ‘RC Strategy’. Parental lines and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were genotyped with SSR markers associated with the 3B, 5A and 3A QTLs. The population was planted in FHB‐inoculated nurseries and in agronomy trials. Lines in the 3B QTL class had the lowest FHB index, DON content and FDK level and did not have a significantly lower yield, thousand kernel weight or protein content compared with the lines grouped in other QTL classes (including no QTL class). Marker‐assisted selection of the 3B QTL for FHB resistance into high‐yielding FHB‐susceptible winter wheat is the recommended approach for the development of lines with increased FHB resistance without significant yield and quality penalties.     

胡蜂科昆虫资源可持续利用的科学养殖技术

探讨了科学养殖胡蜂科蜂幼虫蜂蛹的复合技术,简要介绍了人工条件下蜂王交配、蜂王越冬、蜂王筑巢等技术难题的破解,并对我国胡蜂科昆虫资源的可持续利用提出了一些建议。     

从先玉335成功应用得到的育种启示

先玉335在短短几年内种植面积迅速扩大,成为我国种植的第2大玉米品种,引起了国内广大玉米育种工作者的关注。总结分析了先玉335广泛应用的原因和具有的显著特点,针对传统育种理念和借鉴先玉335的育种新模式,指出在新品种选育过程中应高度重视对耐密植、生育期、综合抗性和适合机械作业等性状的选育,以期提高我们的育种技术水平,育成高产、稳产、适应性广泛和全程可机械化作业的新品种。