Effect of Environmental Stress and Ethylene on the Expression of LeACO1 Gene

The specific ACC oxidase 1 gene fragment of tomato was cloned and prepared for a probe which was used to hybridize with total RNAs that were extracted from the materials treated with ethylene and different environmental stresses, such as drought, water recovery, flood, wound and temperature, respectively. Northern blot analysis indicated that the expression of LeACO1 was restrained by drought, while strongly induced by water recovery and exogenous ethylene. After treated by flood stress, the expression level of I_eACO1 in leaves had no distinctively changes, while its expression level in stems was rapidly increased. Moreover, the expression of LeACO1 in tomato stems could be induced at the temperature of 37 degree. In addition, wounding had no influence on the expression of LeACO1.     

GA1,3,4,7酶联免疫检测法（ELISA）的建立

用碳二亚胺法将赤霉素Ａ４与卵清蛋白连接，形成ＧＡ４－ＯＶＡ复合物用于包板，利用ＧＡ４－Ｍｅ与ＧＡ４－０ＶＡ对兔抗ＧＡ４－ＰＡｂｓ竞争结合反应，建立了ＧＡ１，３，４，７间接酶闻免疫检测法。其灵敏度，检测范围和最小检测样品量分别为４５ｐｇ，０．２－２００ｎｇ和５０－５００ｍｇ，样品的平均回收率为９７％，批内和批间的变异系数分别为４．２％和４．８％。     

用RAPD和SSR分子标记鉴定小金海棠F1代 杂种实生苗的研究

小金海棠（Malus xiaojinensis）具有多种抗逆特性，是苹果属植物中一种珍贵的野生种质资源。由于小金海棠具有无融合生殖特性，早期准确、快速、有效地鉴定其F1代杂种实生苗对于研究利用其众多抗逆基因具有重要意义。RAPD技术是现有鉴定果树杂种实生苗最为简单、快速和有效的分子标记技术，但RAPD技术本身存在一定的不稳定性。笔者对小金海棠和山荆子（M. baccata）F1代杂交实生苗79个单株进行了RAPD分析，并用SSR标记对RAPD标记的初步鉴定结果进行了进一步的验证。结果显示，RAPD标记鉴定出的杂种实生苗有72.2%得到SSR标记的证实。研究的结果还表明，“叠加”和“新带”两种RAPD带型，结合RAPD标记特异位点数可以为小金海棠F1代杂种实生苗提供可靠的鉴定依据。研究为利用RAPD技术早期快速鉴定果树杂种实生苗提供了新的信息和依据。     

FMDV OA/58病毒株VP1蛋白结构构建与B细胞抗原表位的预测

以口蹄疫病毒株OA/58 RNA为模板,反转录并扩增目的cDNA,然后与pGEM-T easy载体连接并转化JM109菌株,提取的重组质粒用凝胶电泳、PCR和EcoR Ⅰ酶切法鉴定.运用同源模建得到OA/58 VP1蛋白3D结构,并结合理化性质、亲水性、可塑性和免疫原性进行分析,预测OA/58 VP1的抗原表位.结果 OA/58 VP1存在多个潜在的抗原表位位点,可能的蛋白质抗原表位区域:2～11,15～35,38～50,77～88,90～107,121～125,131～135,140～149,154～163,169～175,178～189,197～213.应用同源模建得到的OA/58 VP1蛋白3D模型来预测其B细胞表位,为进一步研究OA/58 VP1功能,构建突变体和选择表达新型OA/58 VP1蛋白分子提供有参考价值的信息.     

环境胁迫和激素诱导甘蔗ACC合成酶基因家族三个成员的表达

ACC合成酶（ACS）是高等植物乙烯生物合成途径中的限速酶。在克隆到甘蔗ACC合成酶基因家族3个成员Sc-ACS1、Sc-ACS2和Sc-ACS3的基础上，分别以它们作为探针，检测了激素诱导和环境胁迫对甘蔗苗期该3成员表达的影响。结果表明，乙烯利诱导Sc-ACS1在叶中表达，在根中不表达；Sc-ACS2在根、叶中表达；Sc-ACS3主要在根部表达，在叶中不表达。在甘蔗叶片中，Sc-ACS1对冷胁迫、暗培养和LiCl胁迫均有应答，并受植物生长激素IAA诱导而表达；Sc-ACS2无论是在生长激素诱导还是环境胁迫下，其mRNA均维持较低水平。     

中国黄淮海地区小麦品种抗寒性及其与VRN1基因型的关系

冬季冻害是当前小麦生产面临的主要自然灾害之一。以我国黄淮海地区近年主栽的71个小麦品种为材料,通过对其抗寒性调查和VRN-A1、VRN-B1、VRN-D1位点基因型的分子标记鉴定,研究小麦抗寒性的生物学基础,探讨VRN1基因在小麦抗寒性中的作用。结果表明,小麦的抗寒性与其他抗逆性状相关联,生产和国家区域试验证实具有较好抗旱节水、耐盐碱等抗逆特性的品种多具有较强抗寒性。VRN1是小麦抗寒性的关键性遗传调控位点之一,显性基因VRN1的存在会显著降低品种的抗寒性,具有2个或3个VRN1基因的品种一般抗寒性都很弱,而3个位点均为隐性基因是品种具有强抗寒性的必备条件。因此,建议我国黄淮海北部地区应加强选育、推广基因型为vrn-A1vrnB1vrn-D1的品种,以保证小麦安全生产。     

硫酸酯化酵母β-葡聚糖对H1N1猪流感病毒血凝作用和mRNA转录的影响

为研究硫酸酯化酵母β-葡聚糖对流感病毒血凝抑制作用及对mRNA转录的影响,以猪流感病毒A/tianjin/1/TJ2(H1N1)感染MDCK细胞为模型,采用血凝抑制试验(HI)及SYBR Green Real-time PCR方法,探索硫酸酯化酵母β-葡聚糖对流感病毒血凝抑制作用及其对mRNA转录影响。结果显示,硫酸酯化酵母β-葡聚糖在浓度超过1.25 mg/m L时,能对猪流感病毒血凝产生抑制作用,且在5 mg/m L时对猪流感病毒mRNA转录具有抑制作用。因此,硫酸酯化酵母β-葡聚糖具有抑制流感病毒在MDCK细胞复制的作用,其作用机制可能与抑制流感病毒HA靶点及影响mRNA转录有关。     

Variation of the genomic proportion of the recurrent parent in BC1 and its relation to yield performance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) breeding for low-input conditions

In order to define the variation of the genomic proportion of the recurrent parent [G(RP)] and its relation to yield, G(RP) of individual BC₁ plants of two sorghum populations composed of a high‐yielding cultivar as recurrent parent (RP) and a donor with superior drought resistance or grain quality, respectively, was estimated using AFLPs and SSRs. G(RP) in BC₁ ranged from 0.53 to 0.95 and averaged to 0.76 in the population (NP4453 × ‘SV‐2’) × ‘SV‐2’. G(RP) varied between 0.60 and 0.86 and averaged to 0.74 in the BC₁ of (ICV‐219 × ‘SV‐2’) × ‘SV‐2’. Results show that plants with a G(RP) equivalent to BC₂ (0.875) or BC₃ (0.938), respectively, can be selected from BC₁. Yield performance of BC₁S₁ families was tested in field trials carried out in South Africa. The correlation between yield and G(RP) in BC₁ was low. Selection according to G(RP) did not result in an effective preselection for yield.     

Expected levels of heterozygosity in autotetraploid progeny populations

Summary A breeding program aimed at improving the seed yield in bean for processing was started. Six parents divergent in a range of agronomical characters were crossed according to diallel mating design. Cluster analysis performed on the composite cross population evidenced divergence between F1 hybrids and to maximize genetic recombination, the most different F1 hybrids were intercrossed. A Factor analysis was performed on 7 morphological and yield-determining traits of 15 hybrids F1 and parents. Three Factors, representing patterns of variables interpreted as productivity per plant, growth factor, and branching-productivity, were extracted. These results evidenced the inverse relationship between seed yield components (seeds/pod, pods/plant, and hundred seed weight): i.e. the selection for either variable is detrimental to the other. It may be possible to break this association if the plant construct assures high sink to satisfy all plant requirements: tall and large plants bearing numerous nodes, leaves and reproductive structures. Moreover, the selection practiced simultaneously on the yield components positively affected the seed yield trait. An index of selection and response to selection were estimated on the segregant populations. The realized gain in seed/yield reached after one cycle of selection (C1) was 6.5 g, about 20% over the base population (C0). The expected gain from selection based on the superior 5% plants in C2 families was 25.5% and approached the realized gain. The result of this paper gives evidence to support that the seed yield can be improved by an adequate selection intensity and selection index can be very useful when it is faced with the improvement of several traits at the same time.     

Heterosis in Primary Hexaploid Triticale with Heterozygous Wheat or Rye Genome*)

Twelve primary hexaploid triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack), synthesized from, three lines of tetraploid wheat (Triticum durum L., T. turgidum L.) and four inbred lines of rye (Secale cereale L.), were used to produce 18 crosses with homozygous wheat and heterozygous rye genome and 12 crosses with heterozygous wheat and homozygous rye genome. Parents and crosses of triticale, wheat, and rye were tested for two years (rye for one year only) in two-replicate block designs with 1 m²-plots. Data were assessed for plant height, grain yield and for yield-related traits. Performance of triticale crosses was considerably lower than that of the wheat and rye crosses. The amount of heterosis varied greatly between years. Positive and mainly significant heterosis was revealed in triticale generations F₁ and F₂. The average values were closer to those in wheat than to those in rye. For most characters a high level of heterosis was retained in tnucalt1 generation F₂. Heterozygosity of the wheat and rye genome both contributed to heterosis in triticale. However, gene action of the rye genome strongly depended on the homozygous wheat background: one wheat line almost completely suppressed and another greatly stimulated the heterotic effect of the rye genome. In the later case, the amount of heterosis was related to that in rye per se. Information from hybrid rye breeding may therefore be used when establishing gene pools for hybrid breeding in triticale.