从进口凤梨科植物截获香蕉穿孔线虫

20 0 2年 1月中旬 ,南海检验检疫局人员在对一批进口菲律宾凤梨科植物进行线虫分离检验中 ,截获我国对外检疫一类危险性香蕉穿孔线虫Ｒａｄｏｐｈｏｌｕｓｓｉｍｉｌｉｓ(Ｃｏｄｄ)Ｔｈｏｒｎｅ。这是我国口岸首次从进口凤梨科植物截获该线虫。该批凤梨共 1 36箱 4 896株 ,包括果子蔓属Ｇｕｚｍａｎｉａｓｐｐ .和丽穗凤梨属Ｖｒｉｅｓｅａｓｐｐ .各4个品种。实验室人员随即对该批种苗的根和介质进行了多次线虫检验 ,相继从 3个果子蔓品种和 1个丽穗凤梨品种分离到香蕉穿孔线虫。在同一批种苗中还分离获得了大量肥尾短体线虫Ｐｒａｔｙｌｅ…     

森泰除草剂在毛竹林中除草试验初报

通过对毛竹林使用森泰除草剂除草的对比试验，结果表明：浓度为22．5—45kg／hm^2森泰5％颗粒剂和浓度为1200．2400ml／hm^2森泰25％水可溶剂对试验地竹林内的芒萁有较强的杀灭作用，芒萁死亡率达99％以上，比对照41％农达高30％，对其他一些木本植物也有一定的杀灭效果。     

代乳粉代替鲜牛奶对早期断奶犊牛生长及健康状况的影响

试验在天津梦得牧业发展有限公司、蓄驰奶牛养殖场开展,按照单因素对比试验设计原则,根据犊牛日龄、体重相近的原则,每试验场选取40头犊牛随机分为试验纽和对照纽,每组20头,犊牛单栏饲养。试验犊牛分别于出生1日龄、9日龄、21日龄、31日龄、41日龄、51日龄和61日龄清晨饲喂前空腹称重,测量胸围、体高,同时观察、记录各组犊牛采食量、死亡数和发病等情况。试验结果表明,犊牛30日龄前生长日增重试验组与对照组没有明显区别。试验组犊牛30～60日龄期间生长速度明显高于对照纽,差异显著（P〈0．05）,最高阶段达到800g以上。试验组犊牛0—60日龄胸围生长发育迅速,梦得奶牛场试验组犊牛平均增长显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）（22．35cm vs19．63cm）,蓄驰奶牛场试验组犊牛平均增长较对照组增加0．83cm,提高了4．4％。0～60日龄体高生长发育变化不大,试验组与对照组犊牛之间差异不显著。试验组较对照组发病率降低2．5个百分点．     

红树林对潮汐浸淹适应性研究进展

海平面上升引起潮汐水位降低和淹水时间增加,探明红树林对潮汐淹浸适应的生理生态特性有助于科学保护和修复红树林,而且科学选取红树林营林宜林地也需要了解红树林与潮汐浸淹之间的相互关联。文中从红树林潮汐浸淹的研究方法出发,重点论述水淹胁迫对红树植物形态表征、光合作用、呼吸作用、抗氧化系统、渗透调节物质和化学计量特征的影响,以及潮汐浸淹下红树植物分子生物学机制,以期为揭示红树植物对潮汐浸淹的适应机制以及全球气候变化背景下我国红树林造林实践和宜林地选择提供参考。     

探讨绿色水稻的栽培技术

近年来,我国农业生产发展越来越快,其中以水稻生产尤为明显,水稻种植规模不断扩大,在湖北省咸丰县农业生产是重要经济支柱。水稻是我国主要粮食作物,水稻栽培技术对水稻质量有着重要影响。由于受到气候与环境的影响,咸丰县绿色水稻栽培技术还存在诸多问题。基于此,介绍了绿色水稻的栽培技术,旨在提高水稻产量,促进咸丰县水稻产业的持续增长。     

NaCl胁迫下沙枣幼苗的离子代谢特性

[Objective]To further understand the ion metabolism characteristics of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. under NaCl stress.[Method]The seedlings of two E. angustifolia L. provenances, which were Alaer (salt tolerance provenance) and Yinchuan (salt sensitive provenance), were treated by three NaCl concentrations (0,150,300 mmol·L^-1) and sampled at the 7th day and the 30th day to measure the Na⁺ , K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ contents, K⁺/Na⁺ ratio and selective absorption and transportation of K⁺ in tissues (roots, stems and leaves). [Result]The results showed that the Na⁺ content in the organizations of E. angustifolia L. sharply increased with the increase of NaCl concentration. With prolonging of stress time, the Na⁺ content increased in roots, and decreased in stems and leaves. After seedlings of the two provenances were treated with 150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl for 7 days, the Na⁺ content was 2.10 times and 2.23 times in leaves, respectively, compared with the control groups, and was 1.79 times and 1.57 times in root. Meanwhile, the difference between two provenances showed a expanding trend with the increase of NaCl concentration and stress time. With the increase of NaCl concentration and extension of stress time, the K⁺ content, Ca²⁺ content and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio in organizations decreased gradually. Meanwhile, the Alaer provenance seedlings accumulated more Na⁺ in roots and less Na⁺ in leaves than that of Yinchuan provenance, and the K⁺ content, Ca²⁺ content and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio decreased less in the Alaer provenance seedlings than those of Yinchuan provenance. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the Mg²⁺ content in leaf gradually decrease, but the Mg²⁺ content in root increased 22.8~64.4% after salt stress for 7 days, and Alaer provenance seedlings increased more than Yinchuan provenance. After 30 days, there was non-significant difference with the control group on the Mg²⁺ content of root. K⁺ selective absorption of E. angustifolia L. seedlings significantly increased with increasing salt concentration of the media at the 7th days, whereas not obvious at the 30th days. When the concentration of NaCl in the media increased, the change of K⁺ selective transportation was not significant. [Conclusion]E. angustifolia L. seedlings increase Mg²⁺ content and K⁺ selective absorption in the roots at the early stage of salt stress to adapt saline environment. The salt-tolerance E. angustifolia L. provenance can cut off more Na⁺ in roots and reduce Na⁺ content in leaves, which cause less K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ contents loss, especially the roots and leaves, so as to ensure that all kinds of metabolisms can go well.     

烯丙孕素固体分散体的制备及其释放度的测定

研究旨在提高烯丙孕素（altrenogest,ALT）在水中的分散度及其生物利用率。采用溶剂法（乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、乳糖）和溶剂-熔融法（聚乙二醇6000、单硬脂酸甘油酯、乳糖）制备ALT固体分散体和缓释硅胶栓剂;分别对ALT的线性关系、固体分散体的稳定性、仪器精密度以及加标回收率进行了考察,并用傅里叶变换红外光谱法（FTIR）和显微镜法对其表观形态进行观察鉴定分析,缓释试验测定14 d内ALT缓释度。结果显示,ALT在1~12 μg/mL浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系（R²=0.9996）,仪器精密度良好（RSD=0.48%）,溶剂法和溶剂-熔融法制备的ALT固体分散体的稳定性考察结果较好,RSD分别为0.57%和0.58%,溶剂法和溶剂-熔融法制备的ALT固体分散体的加标回收率数据之间变异较小,回收率较高;原药和固体分散体的红外光谱图和显微镜成像图均表明形成了ALT固体分散体;溶剂法制备的ALT固体分散体最优组合为ALT∶乙基纤维素∶羟丙基甲基纤维素∶乳糖=1∶0.6∶1∶6;溶剂-熔融法制备ALT固体分散体的最优组合为ALT∶聚乙二醇6000∶单硬脂酸甘油酯∶乳糖=1∶10∶1.5∶6;溶剂法与溶剂-熔融法制备的缓释硅胶栓剂的缓释试验表明,在0~48 h ALT浓度逐步增加,分别于第144和48 h时达到峰值,分别为37.73和30.46 μg/mL,此后分别维持在21和13 μg/mL以上。通过对比,以溶剂法制备的ALT固体分散体缓释效果优于溶剂-熔融法,且该ALT固体分散体的制备方法简单,所用载体原料无毒性,为该固体分散体在体内的进一步应用提供了参考依据。     

植物耐盐机理的研究进展

可以在盐渍环境下正常生长的植物,对盐害均有一定的适应能力。根据近年来对植物耐盐机理方面的研究,从植物的形态、解剖以及生理生化水平等方面概述了植物的耐盐机制。     

彩色马铃薯新品种垦彩薯2号的选育

垦彩薯2号是以2008-15为母本，以MD04-72为父本，通过有性杂交、系统选育而成的鲜食彩色马铃薯新品种。中晚熟，生育期103 d(天)左右；植株生长势强，株高50 cm左右，株型半直立，分枝中等，结薯集中；块茎长椭圆形，薯皮、薯肉均为玫瑰红色，芽眼中等，花青素含量1623.7 mg · kg^-1，干物质含量15.40%，淀粉含量7.4%，粗蛋白含量1.52%，还原糖含量0.16%，VC含量118.0 mg · kg^-1(FW)；单株结薯数3～5个，平均单薯质量153.2 g，大中薯(>75 g)率76.31%，每667 m~2产量1500 kg左右；抗马铃薯X病毒(PVX)、马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)和晚疫病，适于黑龙江省春季种植。     

基质对青冈栎容器苗质量和生理特征的影响

为探索成分配比对青冈栎容器苗品质及生理生长的影响,并筛选出利于青冈栎容器苗生长的最佳基质成分配比,本文以泥炭土、稻壳、锯屑、珍珠岩为原料,按照一定比例配制成15种基质,选择可降解无纺布(40 mm×100 mm)为育苗容器,进行青冈栎容器育苗对比试验。通过分析青冈栎容器苗的苗高、地径、生物量、净光合速率及氮含量等指标,研究15种基质理化性质及其对青冈栎容器苗生长及品质的影响。结果表明:4号、10号和15号基质的苗高、地径、生物量、质量指数、净光合速率以及含氮量显著优于其他基质配比,而3号基质的生物量、质量指数则显著低于其他基质配比;基质成分配比显著地影响着青冈栎容器苗的生长发育。15种基质均为轻型基质,但4号、5号和15号基质比较适宜青冈栎的生长发育,可作为青冈栎容器苗培育基质在生产中推广应用。