海南普通大蓟马对拟除虫菊酯药剂抗性监测及钠通道突变检测

普通大蓟马Megalurothrips usitatus在海南省对豇豆造成严重危害且抗药性逐渐增强。本研究测定了2019年至2021年海南省普通大蓟马对氯菊酯和甲氰菊酯的抗性。结果表明,海口、乐东和三亚3个地理种群对甲氰菊酯处于极高水平抗性,对氯菊酯处于高水平抗性,且抗性逐年增强。对普通大蓟马钠离子通道序列分析发现存在M283R突变,该突变位于钠离子通道同源结构域Ⅰ。突变频率检测显示,2019年至2021年连续3年海口种群该突变位点的突变频率分别为1/30、1/30、3/30,有升高趋势。本研究发现海南省普通大蓟马从2019年到2021年对拟除虫菊酯类药剂的抗药性呈逐年上升趋势。     

Insecticide resistance compromises the control of Aedes aegypti in Bangladesh

BACKGROUND

With no effective drugs or widely available vaccines, dengue control in Bangladesh is dependent on targeting the primary vector Aedes aegypti with insecticides and larval source management. Despite these interventions, the dengue burden is increasing in Bangladesh, and the country experienced its worst outbreak in 2019 with 101 354 hospitalized cases. This may be partially facilitated by the presence of intense insecticide resistance in vector populations. Here, we describe the intensity and mechanisms of resistance to insecticides commonly deployed against Ae. aegypti in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

RESULTS

Dhaka Ae. aegypti colonies exhibited high-intensity resistance to pyrethroids. Using CDC bottle assays, we recorded 2–24% mortality (recorded at 24 h) to permethrin and 48–94% mortality to deltamethrin, at 10× the diagnostic dose. Bioassays conducted using insecticide–synergist combinations suggested that metabolic mechanisms were contributing to pyrethroid resistance, specifically multi-function oxidases, esterases, and glutathione S-transferases. In addition, kdr alleles were detected, with a high frequency (78–98%) of homozygotes for the V1016G mutation. A large proportion (≤ 74%) of free-flying and resting mosquitoes from Dhaka colonies survived exposure to standard applications of pyrethroid aerosols in an experimental free-flight room. Although that exposure affected the immediate host-seeking behavior of Ae. aegypti, the effect was transient in surviving mosquitoes.

CONCLUSION

The intense resistance characterized in this study is likely compromising the operational effectiveness of pyrethroids against Ae. aegypti in Dhaka. Switching to alternative chemical classes may offer a medium-term solution, but ultimately a more sustainable and effective approach to controlling dengue vectors is required. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

淡色库蚊对拟除虫菊酯抗性与kdr等位基因频率的关系

利用接触筒法检测淡色库蚊6个野外种群成蚊对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯和氯菊酯的抗性水平,同时利用PASA(PCR amplification of specific alleles)方法检测每个种群kdr等位基因的频率。结果表明:不同种群的溴氰菊酯抗性水平与抗性等位基因频率有显著的相关性(R2=0.836,P=0.011),但高效氯氰菊酯和氯菊酯抗性水平与抗性等位基因频率无显著的相关性(R2分别为0.493和0.530,P值分别为0.120和0.101);对3种拟除虫菊酯抗性平均值直线回归分析显示,抗性等位基因频率与生物测试结果呈显著直线相关(R2=0.840,P=0.010)。     

4种拟除虫菊酯类农药在苎麻与土壤中的残留消解动态及最终残留研究

建立了甲氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯4种拟除虫菊酯类农药在苎麻和土壤中的多残留分析方法,并通过田间试验研究了这4种农药在苎麻和土壤中的残留消解动态和最终残留量。样品采用乙腈提取,PSA、GCB分散固相萃取净化,经气相色谱仪-电子捕获检测器(GC-μECD)测定,外标法定量。在0.05、0.5和5 mg/kg添加水平范围内,4种农药在苎麻中平均回收率为86.5%~108.3%,相对标准偏差≤5.4%,最低检测浓度为0.05 mg/kg;在0.002、0.02和0.2 mg/kg添加水平范围内,4种农药在土壤中平均回收率为89.0%~106.7%,相对标准偏差≤5.9%,最低检测浓度为0.002 mg/kg。消解动态试验表明:4种农药在苎麻和土壤中的消解行为符合一级降解动力学方程,苎麻中半衰期在10.6~15.1 d之间,土壤中在11.0~23.2 d之间。最终残留结果表明,在15~112.5 g/hm~2施药水平下,施药1~2次,施药间隔期5 d,收获期距末次施药间隔5、10、15、20 d时,4种农药在苎麻中的残留量在0.281~4.628 mg/kg之间,土壤中残留量在0.002~0.196 mg/kg之间。