等离子体种子处理技术的试验及应用

等离子体种子处理技术是一项农业新技术。以玉米和水稻为例，验证等离子体种子处理技术的实际效果。试验结果表明：水稻和玉米种子经过处理后，最高增产分别达到106．0kg／667m^2、125．0kg／667m^2，且作物长势旺盛，基本不发生病虫害，减少了农药支出，有利于农业生态环境的保护，具有良好的经济效益和享十会效益，     

Ca2+、PEG预处理对干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗某些酶活性的影响

本文结果表明，Ｃａ＾２＋、ＰＥＧ预处理小麦种子具有提高其幼苗ＲＷＣ及ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ、ＰＯＤ的活性和降低膜透性的效应，在干旱胁迫下植株生长抑制减轻。随着干旱胁迫的加强、ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ、ＰＯＤ活性迅速上升并始终维持较高水平，具体表现为浸种处理ＰＥＧ〉Ｃａ＾２＋〈Ｈ２Ｏ；ＲＷＣ表现为ＰＥＧ〉Ｃａ＾２＋〉Ｈ２Ｏ，植株生长抑制程度表现为ＰＥＧ〈Ｃａ＾２＋〈Ｈ２Ｏ。解除干旱胁迫后，Ｃａ＾２＋，ＰＥＧ浸种处理的     

水稻幼苗根系吸收NO3-对细胞膜电位的影响

利用玻璃微电极技术测定了扬稻6号(籼稻)幼苗根尖细胞在吸收不同NO3-浓度(0.01、0.02、0.1、0.2、0.5、1.0和2.0.mmol/L)过程中膜电位的变化。结果表明,1)水稻根系吸收NO3-引起膜的去极化,去极化到一定程度后出现复极化;有小部分水稻根表现为超极化。在0.01～1.0.mmol/L范围内,去极化大小随外界NO3-浓度的增加而增加,且差异显著(P0.05)。0.01.mmol/L.NO3-产生较小的去极化,平均为3.8.mV;0.5.mmol/L.NO3-产生了最大去极化,平均为40.2.mV;当外界NO3-浓度大于1.0.mmol/L时膜电位去极化大小呈下降趋势。根系吸收不同浓度的NO3-而使膜电位去极化的进程符合Michaelis-Menten动力学。2)复极化有部分复极化和完全复极化两种。超极化也有两种:一种是膜电位先超极化,后缓慢复极化;另一种是先出现一个小的去极化,然后是较大幅度的超极化。3)运输蛋白抑制剂PGO抑制了根系吸收NO3-而产生的膜电位的响应。4)对于经CaSO4溶液预培养的水稻来说,C2+主要引起膜电位超极化。     

离心除精浆对提高冷冻精液品质的作用

采用离心洗涤法去除精浆后,对精液进行冷冻处理。发现:1、除精浆精子冻后的活率、Ⅰ类顶体率和精子畸形率与未除精浆组存在显著差异(P<0．05);2、除精浆使稀释后精液精浆中GOT和LDH活性明显升高(P<0．05)。从平衡后到解冻后各组GOT和LDH活性都呈上升趋势。但除精浆试验组比未除精浆试验组上升缓慢;3、除精浆试验组精子的穿卵率、卵内平均精子数都显著高于未除精浆试验组(P<0．05);4除精浆离心洗涤液用生理盐水和脱脂乳-卵柠液．两者之间无显著差异(P>0．05)。     

大气压等离子体处理对生菜种子萌发和生长发育的影响

利用自制新型大气压等离子体装置对生菜种子进行处理,研究了不同电压的大气压等离子体处理对生菜种子萌发、幼苗生长及产量品质的影响。试验结果表明:不同电压的等离子体处理对生菜种子萌发的影响效果不同。其中,5610和5950 V处理对种子的萌发有促进作用,种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数与对照相比均有所提高,而6290~7310 V处理则抑制了种子的萌发,且电压越高抑制效果越明显。同时,等离子体处理种子α-淀粉酶活性提高,电导率降低,幼苗地上部鲜干质量、地下部鲜干质量、根体积、根活力及过氧化物酶活性也有不同程度的增加。不同电压的等离子体处理促进了生菜定植后的生长发育,产量最高比CK提高12.52%;生菜的维生素C、叶绿素、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量等品质也有所改善。综合来看,5610和5950 V的等离子体处理效果较优。     

Determination of Molecular Weight and Distribution of Hyroxyethl Starch (HES) by Means of GPC- RI- MALLS Technique

The author introduces a method and experimental procedures that determine dn/dc,molecular weight and its distribution of the hyroxyethyl starch(HES) by means of Gel Permeation Chromatography-Refractive index-Multi-angle laser light scattering detection(GPC-RI-MALLS)techniques.The key experimental technique and results are discussed.The method takes CH3COOH/CH3COONa as mobile phase and solvent.The experiment gets satisfactory results.It can be used as a routine method to determine the hyroxyethyl starch(HES) molecular weight and its distribution.     

气调包装协同低温等离子体杀菌对狮子头保鲜效果的影响

为探究气调包装协同低温等离子体处理对狮子头品质及货架期的影响,本研究设置对照组(普通彩袋包装)、气调包装组(40%CO₂+60%N₂)以及气调包装协同不同处理时间的低温等离子体组(MAP-3 min、MAP-6 min、MAP-9 min),通过菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBARS)、感官评定及挥发性有机化合物等指标综合评价狮子头的贮藏品质。结果表明,气调包装协同低温等离子体处理使狮子头的初始微生物数量降低0.70~1.56 log CFU·g^-1,能有效减缓狮子头贮藏过程中TVB-N值的增加及脂质氧化。经低温等离子体处理后的新鲜狮子头中庚醇、1-己醇、1-丙醇、2-癸酮及壬酸等挥发性有机化合物增加。2-己酮、2-丁酮、苯乙烯、2-甲基吡嗪及八甲基三硅氧烷等挥发性有机化合物可能是狮子头腐败气味的主要成分。与对照组及其他处理组相比,MAP-6 min和MAP-9 min处理均可将狮子头货架期延长7 d,MAP-6 min和MAP-9 min 2组狮子头在贮藏7 d后微生物及TVB-N、TBARS等品质指标无显著差异。综合各项指标及能源成本,40%CO₂+60%N₂气调包装协同低温等离子体处理6 min可以在显著抑制微生物生长的同时保持狮子头的品质,将产品货架期延长至14 d。本研究结果为中式调理类肉丸制品新型保鲜技术的发展提供了理论参考。     

Removal of static electricity on polyimide film surface by O2 or Ar cold plasma etching

Cold plasma of O₂ or Ar was irradiated on hydrophobic Kapton surface to attenuate or remove the electrostatic potential. A measurement on charge dissipation speed clarifies the obscure effect of plasma. These consequences reveal that O₂ plasma etching is more effective than Ar plasma. After 30 days, the dissipation speed of accumulated charge on initially etched sample has not changed under summar season.     

Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of duodenal and colonic biopsies after oral bovine lactoferrin supplementation in beagle puppies

Lactoferrin is a natural compound in the milk of mammals and was shown to influence the intestinal micro‐flora and the immune system in mice, calves, dogs and man. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of orally administered bovine lactoferrin (0, 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg DM feed) on the intestinal morphology and lymphocyte colonization in 36 motherless raised puppies. Endoscopic biopsies from duodenum and colon, taken in week 14, were scored histologically after staining with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and lymphocytes (CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺) and plasma cells (IgA⁺, IgG⁺, IgM⁺) were enumerated after immunohistochemical staining by computer‐aided quantification. Histological scoring revealed no significant differences amongst the groups. IgG⁺ plasma cells were reduced (p < 0.05) in the lamina propria of the colon of the 30 and the 60 mg group. The number of CD8⁺ lymphocytes was higher (p < 0.05) in the epithelium of the colon of the lactoferrin groups. In conclusion, this study indicated only minimal effects of bovine lactoferrin on the population of selected immune cells in the gut mucosa of puppies. More investigations are needed to describe the impact of lactoferrin on the digestive physiology of puppies.