11种四省市售淡水鱼肌肉中重金属含量特征与污染状况评价

为明确我国湖北、广东、河南和黑龙江四省市售淡水鱼肌肉中重金属含量现状,本研究于2021年9月至10月在四省11个市县(区)采集11种淡水鱼,共计133份样本,采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法检测淡水鱼肌肉中铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)和铅(Pb)6种元素含量,依据《GB 2762-2017食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》对重金属污染状况进行评价。结果表明,所测样品中Cr、Cu、Cd、Hg和Pb 5种重金属元素均未超标;淡水鲈鱼和乌鳢中As含量均大于0.1 mg·kg^-1,其含量分别为0.182～0.738 mg·kg^-1和0.180～0.628 mg·kg^-1,且较其他淡水鱼类具有蓄积显著性差异(P<0.05)。对总砷含量高于0.1 mg·kg^-1的样品,进一步采用液相色谱-原子荧光光谱(LC-AFS)法对其无机砷含量进行检测,结果均为未检出,表明其无机砷含量在总砷含量中占比非常低。采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法评价所检淡水鱼中6...     

Molybdenum status and critical limit in the soil for green gram (Vigna radiata) growing in Madurai and Sivagangai districts of Tamil Nadu,India

Abstract

The decay of rice residue was investigated after incubation periods of from 1 to 24 months at 30°C under both flooded and upland soil conditions. Tops and roots of rice plants were cut into about 10-mm length, and separately incorporated in soil which had been passed through a 0.5-mm sieve. Plant debris were fractionated physically according to their sizes and divided into five groups (>4 mm, 4-2 mm, 2-1 mm, 1-0.5 mm, and 0.5-0.25 mm).

Carbon loss from the soils amended with rice residues and decrease in the weight of total plant debris proceeded at a rapid speed in the early periods (around 4 months) and then at a slow speed in the subsequent periods under both flooded and uplana soil conditions. The distribution of the plant debris in the decomposition processes differed under flooded and upland conditions. Under flooded conditions, 2–4 mm-sized plant debris were retained for a long period with slow transformation into the smaller fractions. In contrast, under upland conditions, change of plant debris from large to small size fractions proceeded gradually. This continuous change could be attributed to the high decomposing activities of fungi under upland conditions.     

中药材中农药残留现状及标准体系建设研究进展

药用植物凭借其独特?显著的疗效而被作为中医药治疗的主要原材料, 然而因其种植及加工过程不规范造成农药残留问题突出?本文对我国中药材中农药残留现状及检测方法的研究进展进行了分析和总结, 并对比了不同地区和国家有关农药残留限量标准体系建设情况, 提出了我国中药材中农药残留标准体系建设的建议, 以期加快我国药用植物农药登记和限量标准制修订, 提升中药材质量安全, 促进中药产业发展?     

基于JC法的重力坝深层抗滑稳定研究

【目的】研究重力坝深层抗滑稳定特性,为确保大坝施工期、运行期抗滑稳定安全提供参考。【方法】基于JC法建立了重力坝深层抗滑稳定可靠度分析模型,以刚体极限平衡法构造了重力坝双斜滑动面深层抗滑稳定极限状态函数,以滑裂面抗剪断摩擦系数和抗剪断凝聚力为随机变量,分析重力坝双斜滑动面深层抗滑稳定安全度。编制基于JC法的重力坝深层抗滑稳定可靠度计算程序,对某水利枢纽工程非溢流坝段正常蓄水位情况下的危险断面进行分析。【结果】对某水利工程非溢流坝段在正常蓄水位下危险断面的分析表明,采用JC法可靠度计算程序计算得到其双斜面深层抗滑稳定的可靠度指标β=4.36,其失效概率P_f=0;而采用传统的刚体极限平衡法计算得到其双斜面深层抗滑稳定的安全系数K=3.23,满足重力坝深层抗滑稳定基本组合工况下K>3.0的要求。2种方法计算结果均表明,该坝段的深层抗滑稳定满足要求。【结论】采用JC法可以运用可靠度理论实现重力坝深层抗滑稳定的计算与分析。     

一类有十一个赤道环的七次多项式系统

研究了一类七次系统无穷远点的中心条件与赤道极限环分支问题.通过将实系统转化为复系统研究,给出了计算无穷远点奇点量的递推公式,并在计算机上用Mathematica推导出该系统无穷远点前13个奇点量,进一步导出了无穷远点成为中心的条件和十三阶细焦点的条件,在此基础上首次得到了七次系统无穷远点分支出11个极限环的一个实例.     

渠道边坡稳定的盐敏感性特征研究

工程中灌排渠道在运行多年后,随着土中含盐量的增加,会造成渠道边坡不同程度的滑塌、变形及结构的破坏。通过对盐化土的剪切试验和界限含水率试验,得到不同含盐量下土的抗剪强度指标和稠度界限,运用单因素试验分析含盐量对土的抗剪强度和稠度界限的影响规律。随着含盐量的增加,土体的团聚体稳定性降低,增加了粘粒的分散性,土的抗剪强度有所下降;同时土的稠度界限也会降低,增大了土的流动性,明确地说明含盐量增加也是影响灌排渠道边坡稳定性重要因素。     

Plastic upper bound theory reliability analysis of coal gangue hills

We established the plasticity limit analysis reliability limit state equation and the reliability calculating formula for gangue hills using the JC method. This work was based on the plasticity mechanics limit analysis upper bound theory and traditional slice methods. A reliability index of gangue hill stability was derived using this equation. It was found that the safety coefficient of gangue hills derived by the limit state equation risks failure if the variability of cohesion and internal friction angle are not considered. When the variability of the strength parameters rises, the reliability theory more consistently projects practicality than the limit state equation for gangue hill stability assessment.     

Dissipation of acephate, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their metabolites in a humid-tropical vegetable production system

BACKGROUND: High amounts of insecticides are often used in intensive tropical vegetable production systems. Their persistence and residues in vegetables and soils need to be studied to ensure food safety and environmental stability. The dissipation of acephate, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their metabolites was studied in green mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Coss.] and soils. Two treatments, Impact 75 (acephate) and Agent 505 (cypermethrin plus chlorpyrifos), were applied 4 times at weekly intervals. RESULTS: Dissipation of acephate, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in green mustard and topsoils followed first‐order kinetics, with half‐lives of between 1.1 and 3.1 days in green mustard and between 1.4 and 9.4 days in topsoils (26 °C). Higher vapour pressure of insecticides and higher rainfall appeared to stimulate dissipation from the vegetable, with least effect of rainfall on chlorpyrifos. Dissipation rates in the vegetable were faster or similar (cypermethrin) to rates observed for temperate areas. Preharvest intervals of 13, 4 and 3 days were required for acephate, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their metabolites to comply with the tolerance levels. The pesticide dissipation rates in soils varied by less than a factor of 3 between sites. The metabolites methamidophos and TCP derived from acephate and chlorpyrifos amounted to less than 10 and 25% by mass of the parent compounds in soils. Vegetable shading possibly retarded pesticide degradation in soil. CONCLUSION: The dissipation of pesticides and their metabolites in the vegetable was rapid and faster than the dissipation in temperate climates. The degradation rates of pesticides in the soil were equal to or slightly faster than the degradation rates in temperate soils. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

一类具有常数存放率的Kolmogorov捕食系统的定性分析

研究一类具有常数存放率的kolmogorov捕食系统20 1 22dd(())dd()xt x a a x a x y fyt y bx d????=+???+???=?得到了极限环存在惟一性的充要条件及系统全局渐近稳定的充要条件,从而推广了前人相关的结果.其中:?(0)=0,?'(y)>ε>0,(y>0).     

某高速公路边坡成因机制分析与稳定性评价

在山区修筑高等级公路不可避免地进行深挖高填,会形成大量的高陡路基边坡或者路堤边坡。由于岩土体原有的地质环境平衡被打破,客观上为这些边坡的坍塌、滑动等地质灾害创造了地质条件。工程实践表明,在我国已修建的山区高等级公路中,几乎是“无路不坍、无路不垮”,特别是在雨季,公路的坍方、滑坡更为普遍。所以如何正确认识山区公路边坡的地质条件、结构特点、形成机制和正确评价边坡的稳定性,已成为我国山区高等级公路建设中的重大地质工程问题。以某高速公路的边坡为例,详细阐述了采用“地质与工程”充分结合方法,评价该边坡施工全过程的稳定性状况,并以此为基础,提出了有效的治理措施。监测结果表明,治理工程实施后,边坡的稳定性达到了高等级公路的设计要求。