Dough rheological properties and noodle-making performance of non-waxy and waxy whole-wheat flour blends

Dough rheological properties and noodle-making performance of non-waxy whole-wheat flour (WWF) with partial- or full-waxy (PW- or FW-) WWF substitution were studied. The substitution levels were 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 g/kg, respectively. FW-WWF reduced the peak viscosity and pasting temperature of WWF blends as its substitution level was increased due to its higher proportions of B-type starch granules and short amylopectin chains, while PW-WWF increased peak viscosity with the increasing substitution level because of its higher amylopectin content. As demonstrated by farinograph and rheometer measurements, FW-WWF interfered with gluten development because of the increased competition for water by arabinoxylans and amylopectin; however, PW-WWF enhanced dough strength due primarily to its increased protein content. Consequently, FW-WWF showed a detrimental effect on cooked noodle texture as the cooked noodle hardness was reduced by 50% at the 1000 g/kg substitution level. In contrast, PW-WWF enhanced noodle integrity and elasticity by increasing cooked noodle cohesiveness and resilience by 10.1% and 14.8%, respectively, at the 1000 g/kg substitution level. The results suggest that with waxy WWF substitution, the changes in starch composition, arabinoxylans, and protein content could modify the interactions among flour components and influence the quality characteristics of noodle products.     

3个四季草莓品种在川西高原栽培研究

以圣安德瑞斯、波特拉和蒙特瑞3种四季草莓为材料,在茂县进行夏季栽培比较试验,通过各品种的农艺性状及果实内、外在品质等指标进行分析对比以及灰色关联度分析,结果表明:圣安德瑞斯的长势最好；圣安德瑞斯的果实虽然大而重但糖酸比较低,口感较差,风味偏酸,蒙特瑞的固酸比最高,风味最好； 3个品种加权关联度排名依次为蒙特瑞、圣安德瑞斯、波特拉。结论：在茂县及相应高原区域栽培条件下,蒙特瑞的综合适应性最佳。     

结构创新的楼房猪场是防非保供的一种可行模式

传统的养猪模式难以应对诸如非洲猪瘟这样的疫病,普通平层猪场叠加而成的楼房没有从本质上得到改进,而结构创新之后的楼房猪场在养猪的可靠性上大大增强,并可能发展为城市养猪新模式,为防非保猪、稳产保供提供一种解决方案。在此基础上升级的"料、养、宰、商一体化"造肉工厂模式,更是一种能把运猪变为运肉的可行解决方案。当这些模式得到应用和推广时,困扰行业的"猪周期"问题也将得到妥善解决。     

中国昆虫文化简论

中国昆虫文化是在历史过程中创造并发展起来的,保留在中华民族中间,具有稳定形态,并对现代社会仍有影响的与昆虫相关的精神文化现象的。它是在一定历史条件下,国人及其生存环境辩证地互相影响的结果,是由劳动创造和生活提炼的精神产品。它包含在国人思想观念、思维方式、价值取向、道德情操、生产生活方式、礼仪制度、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、文学艺术、教育科技等领域之中。它具有神秘性、功利性、民族性、地域性、综合性等特征,以及满足需要、认知、规范、凝聚和娱乐等功能。     

舒城县干汊河镇农村集体“三资”管理现状与建议

阐述了舒城县干汊河镇农村集体"三资"管理取得的成效,指出了管理过程中存在的问题,并提出了加强农村集体"三资"管理的建议。     

青海东部农区引进燕麦品种各器官C、N、P生态化学计量学特征变化研究

以4个引种燕麦(Avena sativa)为典型代表,对其不同生育时期根、茎、叶中的C、N、P含量及其化学计量学特征进行测定,探讨不同生育时期燕麦C、N、P元素含量及其化学计量比的变化规律,为燕麦饲草的科学收获提供理论依据。结果表明：燕麦全株C、N、P含量分别为322.30～333.97、17.42～75.62、2.74～5.42 mg·g^-1,燕麦根C、N、P含量分别为298.42～317.92、11.47～73.71、2.82～3.42 mg·g^-1,燕麦茎C、N、P含量分别为311.25～338.86、10.15～75.16、2.44～5.06 mg·g^-1,燕麦叶C、N、P含量分别为330.80～372.47、30.64～113.80、2.59～8.65 mg·g^-1;各器官间C、N、P含量表现为叶>茎>根。此外,燕麦各器官C、N、P含量的积累过程具有一定季节特征,C含量积累过程受生育时期影响较小,表现出较强的稳定性;而N和P含量的积累过程受生育时期影响较大,其在拔节期～抽穗期均...     

Immunization of BALB/c mice with Brucella abortus 2308ΔwbkA confers protection against wild-type infection

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that causes animal and human diseases. Vaccination is a major measure for prevention of brucellosis, but it is currently not possible to distinguish vaccinated animals from those that have been naturally infected. Therefore, in this study, we constructed the Brucella (B.) abortus 2380 wbkA mutant (2308ΔwbkA) and evaluated its virulence. The survival of 2308ΔwbkA was attenuated in murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) and BALB/c mice, and it induced high protective immunity in mice. The wbkA mutant elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon. Antibodies to 2308ΔwbkA could be detected in sera from mice, implying the potential for use of this protein as a diagnostic antigen. The WbkA antigen would allow serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that 2308ΔwbkA is a potential attenuated vaccine against 16M. This vaccine will be further evaluated in sheep.     

Variations in the morphology of Rhizomucor pusillus in granulomatous lesions of a Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus)

This report presents a new case of mucormycosis encountered in penguin characterized by morphological variation of hyphae and presence of sporangia with numerous sporangiospores. A 4.5-year-old Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) died after exhibiting anorexia, poor nutritional condition and dyspnea. Multiple nodular lesions were observed in the thoracic and abdominal regions. Histopathologically, hyphae of various sizes were seen in the lungs, air sac and nodular lesions. Myriad sporangiospores and several sporangia were observed in/around the bronchi or parabronchi. The very narrow and short hyphae in the nodules were not consistent with the characteristics of Mucorales. However, for most hyphae, including those in the nodules, sporangiospores and sporangia, immunohistochemistry revealed Mucorales-positive reactions. In addition, these fungi were identified as Rhizomucor pusillus by gene analysis.