黄瓜果实弯曲相关基因Cs14-3-3 的克隆及表达分析

 以黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）果实易发生弯曲的品种‘长春密刺’为试验材料,采用RT-PCR 技术从果皮中分离并克隆了14-3-3 蛋白基因,并将此基因命名为Cs14-3-3。Cs14-3-3 基因cDNA 全 长792 bp,编码263 个氨基酸,分子量29 589.287 Da,等电点为4.585。生物信息学分析表明此基因含有 14-3-3 蛋白基因的典型结构域,与其他物种14-3-3 蛋白基因核苷酸序列同源性达到75%以上,编码的氨 基酸序列同源性达到85%以上,属于14-3-3 蛋白基因家族。同时,采用实时荧光定量PCR 方法对顺直果 实和弯曲果实腹部及脊部在果实开花的2、4、6、8、10、12 d 的基因表达量进行了研究。结果显示,在 果实发育各个时期,Cs14-3-3 的表达量均为在弯曲果实腹部 > 顺直果实 > 弯曲果实脊部的表达量;在 各个部位,Cs14-3-3 在果实开花2 d 的表达量明显高于开花后其他时期。试验结果表明,Cs14-3-3 基因为 黄瓜果实弯曲相关基因,在黄瓜果实开花早期发育过程中起重要作用。     

Fate of Zinc Ammonia Acetate in Soils and Its Uptake by Corn

Zinc ammonium acetate (ZAA) is applied to soil with anhydrous ammonia as a carrier to improve corn (Zea mays L.) productivity. To study the fate of ZAA in the soils, a laboratory leaching experiment was conducted with ¹⁴C-ZAA and ⁶⁵Zn-ZAA using water or NH₄OH as carrier. Results showed that ZAA degraded in the soil and released CO₂. The released CO₂ was from the acetate component of ZAA and accounted for less than 0.06% of the total applied ¹⁴C. Using H₂O as carrier resulted in more CO₂ release than using NH₄OH, regardless of soil type. However, more ¹⁴C was detected in the leachate when using NH₄OH as a carrier than when using H₂O. A plant uptake experiment using ¹⁴C-ZAA and ⁶⁵Zn-ZAA indicated that four-leaf-stage corn seedlings absorbed higher amounts of ¹⁴C in the stem and root than in the leaves. The ⁶⁵Zn was detected in most tested plant parts. Our study showed that ZAA enhanced cytokinin levels in root and/or shoot tissues of corn seedlings, suggesting a secondary regulatory effect of ZAA in improving corn productivity.     

Technique of soil sample pretreatment for analysis of 15N:14N isotope ratio

Abstract

The technique of simultaneous quantitative determination of mineral N soil forms (nitrates, exchangeable and non‐exchangeable ammonium, and total amount of these compounds) and sample pretreatment for the analysis of ¹⁵N:¹⁴N ratio is suggested. The technique is based on the selective association of NH₄ ⁺‐ions into indophenol complex and subsequent ethyl‐acetate extraction of this complex from solution. The mineralization of indophenol is carried out in alkaline medium with simultaneous NH₃ distillation into H₂SO₄ titrant. The application of given technique allows us to shorten significantly the time required for analysis and to increase the accuracy of analytical determination.     

甜菜M14品系BvM14-RIN4基因的克隆及应答盐胁迫分析

为了研究甜菜单体附加系M14品系RIN4基因耐盐功能,本研究以甜菜M14品系为实验材料,通过PCR技术获得BvM14-RIN4基因cDNA全长序列,对BvM14-RIN4基因进行了生物信息学分析、组织特异性和应答盐胁迫分析。BvM14-RIN4基因ORF长度为264 bp,编码87个氨基酸,蛋白分子量为 9.67 kDa,理论等电点为9.64,初步鉴定该蛋白为亲水性蛋白;BvM14-RIN4蛋白质二级结构主要由延伸链和无规卷曲组成;BvM14-RIN4蛋白质三级结构预测出该蛋白的保守结构域和疏水区;系统进化树分析结果表明BvM14-RIN4蛋白与菠菜SoRIN4和藜麦CqRIN4蛋白亲缘关系最近;荧光定量PCR结果显示,BvM14 -RIN4基因在根中表达量是叶的2.26倍,说明其具有组织特异性;该基因在200 mmol/L NaCl处理后的根中上调表达,说明它参与甜菜M14品系应答盐胁迫过程。本研究在挖掘甜菜M14品系优质基因和开展甜菜遗传改良工作等方面具有重要意义,为后续该基因的功能研究提供了重要参考。     

库源改变对新疆高产棉花14C-同化物分配及内源激素含量的影响

以新陆早13号棉花为材料,在皮棉产量2500kg·hm-2以上的膜下滴灌条件下,于花铃期分别进行1/2、1/4剪叶和1/2、1/4疏蕾处理,研究库源改变对叶片14C-同化物运转分配及内源激素含量的影响.结果表明,疏库处理降低了主要源叶(对应的主茎叶和对位果枝叶)中吲哚乙酸(IAA)峰值,推迟了异戊烯基腺嘌呤及其核苷(i...     

Photoassimilate allocation and dynamics of hotspots in roots visualized by 14C phosphor imaging

Understanding photoassimilate allocation into the roots and the release of organic substances from the roots into the rhizosphere is an important prerequisite for characterizing the belowground C input, the spatial and temporal distribution of C, and the interactions between plants and soil microorganisms. Based on ¹⁴C phosphor imaging, we visualized the allocation of assimilates into Lolium perenne roots and estimated the life time of hotspots at the root tips. Lolium shoots were labeled in a ¹⁴CO₂ atmosphere, and herbariums of roots and shoots were prepared 6 h, 2 d, and 11 d after the ¹⁴C pulse. The ¹⁴C distribution in roots and leaves revealed that pulse labeling does not yield homogeneously labeled plant material. The spatial distribution of assimilate allocation was evaluated based on the ¹⁴C specific activity expressed as digital light units (DLU mm^–2) of the imaging plates. Areas with high relative ¹⁴C activity were classified as hotspots. Strong ¹⁴C hotspots were detected mainly at the root tips already 6 h after the ¹⁴C assimilation, and they remained active for at least 2 d. Eleven days after the ¹⁴C assimilation, the hotspots at the root tips disappeared and the ¹⁴C distribution was much more even than after 6 h or after 2 d. ¹⁴C phosphor imaging proved to be a promising tool to visualize the allocation of photoassimilates into the roots and the rhizosphere and can be used to identify hotspots and their dynamics.     

猕猴桃不同时期14C-同化物贮藏动态及再利用规律

以秦美猕猴桃４ａ生树为试材,研究了不同时期生成的＾１４Ｃ－同化物的贮藏动态及再利用规律。结果表明,新梢迅速生长期期和缓长期生成的＾１４Ｃ－同化物主要在地上部,新梢第２次生长高峰期和采果后生成的＾１４Ｃ－同化物主要 根部贮藏。     

嫁接促活剂对黄瓜嫁接苗愈伤过程、~(32)P和~(14)C的吸收和运转的影响

^32P和^14C示踪试验结果表明,嫁接促活剂可使砧木吸收^32P的量比对照增加1倍,使砧木吸收的^32P运到接穗或使接穗同化的^14C到砧木比对照提早2d,并且明显提高了^32P和^14C的输出量及比例,明显促进接口愈伤组织的形成和维管束的连接,提高了嫁接成活率。     

旱地冬小麦生育后期有关光合特性及光合产物分配规律研究

在大田自然干旱条件下旱作处理,冬小麦生育后期旗叶光合速率仍可达１４．２４μｍｏｌＣＯ２·ｍ＾－２·ｓ＾－１,在叶片水势达－１．８～－２．１ＭＰａ条件下,旗叶ＲｕＢｐ羧化酶活性可达２０～２３μｍｏｌＣＯ２·ｍｉｎ＾－１·ｇ＾－１ｄｗ;浇水处理小麦植株旗叶光合速率为１５．１５μｍｏｌＣＯ２·ｍ＾－２·ｓ＾－１水势达－１．６５～－１．８ＭＰａ条件下,旗叶ＲｕＢｐ羧化酶活性可达２２～２５μｍｏｌＣＯ２·ｍ     

春小麦花前~(14)C同化物分配与累积研究

研究结果表明：从花前标记到整个灌浆期,春小麦９０１ 叶和鞘中１４ Ｃ同化物分配率分别下降２３１ ％ 和７８％ ,陕２２９ 下降了３２１％ 和７７％ 。茎中１４Ｃ 同化物分配率,９０１ 增加了７３ ％ ,陕２２９ 增加了２２０ ％ 。从花前标记、灌浆到成熟,９０１ 穗颖壳１４Ｃ同化物分配率上升了１２２％ ,陕２２９ 上升了８７ ％ 。在花后２１ｄ 前,两品种旗叶１４Ｃ同化物分配率逐渐下降。花后３５ｄ ９０１ 旗叶中１４Ｃ 同化物分配率存在一个高峰,尔后又下降,比花前标记时下降４２ ％ ;陕２２９ 则一直下降,比花前标记下降４５ ％ 。花后同化物转运,陕２２９ 早于９０１ ,陕２２９ 籽粒中１４Ｃ同化物放射性相对高于９０１ 。花前标记的１４Ｃ同化物在９０１ 中有４５ ％ 转运到籽粒中,陕２２９ 中有１１１ ％ 转运到籽粒中去。