沸腾炉在活性炭生产中的应用

阐述了沸腾炉的工作原理及其在活性炭生产中的应用。沸腾炭化炉具有无局部过热,炭化温度均一,炭化速度快,能耗低,对原料的适应性广,可适用不同粒度的原料,且容易处理大量废材的特点。与传统土耙炉、移动式炭化炉相比,生产工艺先进,经济效益十分可观。     

进口泰国香米纯度鉴定方法的研究

采用水煮法对进口泰国香米的纯度进行了鉴定,并和感官检测香米纯度的方法进行了比较研究。结果表明:17 min是最为合适的香米糊化时间,水煮法精密度高于感官检验方法。水煮法是符合口岸快速通关要求和准确鉴定香米纯度的合适方法,适合对感官检测不合格的香米进行纯度复验,可减少进口商的损失,保证进口泰国香米的质量,值得在检验检疫系统内推广。     

烷烃同分异构体的沸点与分子结构的定量关系

以碳原子数Ｎ和Ｗｉｅｎｅｒ指数Ｗ,Ｐ为结构参数,建立了烷烃同分异构体的沸点与其分子结构间的定量关系式,用此式计算了７６个支链烷烃的沸点。结果表明,该式适用范围广泛,计算结果较准确,可用于预测烷烃同分异构体的沸     

Studies on the Use of Colocasia esculenta (Taro Cocoyam) in the Diets of Weaned Pigs

Sixty weanling Large White×Duroc pigs were allocated to five groups of 12 pigs per group and fed on one of five diets. The five diets comprised 0, 50% and 100% unboiled, sun-dried taro cocoyam cormels (Colocasia esculenta) and 50% and 100% boiled, sun-dried taro cocoyam cormels as replacements for maize. The levels of some antinutritional factors were also determined in both boiled and unboiled, sun-dried taro cocoyam. Boiling reduced (p<0.05) the amounts of the antinutritional factors in the taro cocoyam cormels. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in feed intake, weight gain or feed efficiency between the diets containing boiled taro cocoyam cormels. However, for unboiled, sun-dried taro cocoyam cormels, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in weight gain and feed efficiency, these being depressed at more than 50% replacement of maize. This may be due to the relatively high amounts of antinutritional factors in the unboiled, sun-dried taro cormels. Boiled taro cocoyam cormels were comparable to maize as an energy source in the diets of weanling pigs.     

液化石油气降压时的过热与沸腾延迟

分析了非平衡相变偏离平衡相变时克劳修斯－克拉贝龙方程的特性，提出了一个综合考虑气泡形成生长与液体表面蒸发等因素的计算饱和液体降压时的过热与沸腾延迟的模型，用该模型计算了不同初始温度（压力）和不同降压速率时液化石油气储罐的不同降压特性。液体的过热度、沸腾延迟量和延时量均随初始温度的升高而减小，随降压速率的增大而增大。     

道路翻浆的成因及初探

道路翻浆可以导致路面严重破坏,降低公路的使用寿命,同时因为车辆陷入坑里降低车速,损坏车辆机件,增加燃料消耗和汽车修理费用而造成大量经济损失。     

Vernonia amygdalina as a supplement to teff straw (Eragrostis tef) fed to Ethiopian Menz sheep

Sixteen rumen fistulated Ethiopian Menz type sheep were used in a completely randomized block design (CRBD) in experiment 1. Unchopped teff straw was fed alone or supplemented with either 100, 150 or 200 g/d of sun-dried vernonia leaves. The chemical compositions of fresh, boiled, water-soaked and sun-dried vernonia and soluble carbohydrate (SC) loss by boiling were determined. In experiment 2,25 growing Ethiopian Menz type sheep, were fed teff straw alone or supplemented with 120 g (DM) of either boiled (B) or soaked (S) fresh vernonia with or without molasses (M) (50 g). SC lost by boiling fresh vernonia for 15, 30, 45 or 60 min was determined.In experiment 1, boiling increased the nitrogen (N) concentration in vernonia but sun-drying reduced it. N bound to fibre (NDF-N) was reduced by boiling but not by soaking. SC loss increased with boiling time. Supplementation did not affect the degradation constants (a, b, PD, c) of teff straw, but DM disappearance was increased (p<0.05) at 76 and 120 h of incubation. Intake of sun-dried vernonia was poor but increased with quantity offered. Intakes and digestibilities of DM, OM and the fibre fractions were marginally higher (p<0.05) in the supplemented diets. Nitrogen balance in the supplemented diets was low due to increased faecal and urinary excretion. In experiment 2, rumen NH₃–N was higher for the boiled treatments compared to the soaked treatments. Acceptability at both 2 and 4 h was highest for BM, followed by SM, B and S. Boiling for 30 min, but not soaking, enhanced the acceptability of vernonia, suggesting that a pretreatment may enhance the feed value of vernonia.     

深挖方路段及高填方路段翻浆、软弹、网裂原因分析和治理方案--大兴安岭林区公路

通过大兴安岭林区公路山体挖方路段及两侧高填方路段在春、夏季出现砂石路冒水、翻浆，油路网裂、软弹病害的观察分析，结果表明，该病害不是土质不良造成的，主要原因是水对路基的浸渗，致使路基土跑水，加速原有路基土风化，从而使路基路面结构强度下降而引起的。应在公路设计中，施工中提出特殊处理措施。     

Effect of boiling water carcass immersion on aerobic bacteria counts of poultry skin and processed ground poultry meat

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between bacteria destruction on poultry carcass skin and bacteria in raw ground poultry meat from the same carcasses. Immersion time in boiling water of broiler chicken whole carcasses required for maximum reduction of naturally occurring aerobic bacterial count on skin was measured. Treatments for chicken carcasses consisted of immersion in boiling water (approximately 95 degrees C) for 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4 min. Four skin samples taken following treatment and three taken from subsequently ground carcass meat were analyzed for total aerobic plate counts (APC). Analysis of the data indicated a linear increase in bacterial destruction on skin with increased boiling water immersion time from 0 to 4 min. Reduction of skin bacteria to less than 1 log10 occurred at 3 min carcass immersion or longer. The analysis also indicated that treatment with boiling water and removal of skin was effective in reducing bacterial counts in ground meat to similar levels at all treatment times from 0.5 to 4.0 min. Findings from this study indicated that a boiling water immersion intervention and removal of skin could reduce subsequent bacteria contamination of ground meat. This intervention could minimize the risk of pathogen-contaminated primary processed poultry carcasses used in further processing.     

KCl煮沸法浸取石灰性土壤可矿化氮存在的问题及改进

用KCl煮沸法浸取石灰性土壤中的可矿化氮时,会造成氨态氮的挥发,浸取出的NH_4~+-N反而比不煮沸时为低。为了解决这一问题,进行了不同温度下的保温静置、水浴加热等处理,浸取出来的铵态氮均未显著增加。采取酸化KCl溶液后再进行煮沸,显著地提高了NH_4~+-N的浸出量,且浸出结果与作物吸氮量有密切的相关性。