镜泊湖细鳞斜颌鲴的年龄与生长

本文报道了镜泊湖细鳞斜颌鲴的年龄生长特点。以鳞片上的年轮作为年龄鉴定依据。渔获物中1~+龄和2~+龄个体占52％以上,体长以14～26厘米为主。体长与鳞长之间呈直线相关L=0.1116+47.8754R。体重与体长呈指数函数相关 W=0.014L~(3.0?7?)。3~+ 龄以前生长较快,生长指标高,体长和体重的相对增长率大,以后转入成鱼生长阶段,其生长规律适合 von Bertalaffy 方程:L_t=38.5[1-e~(-0.328(t+0.446)];W_t=893.6[1-e~(-0.328(t+0.446)]~3。体重生长曲线的拐点位于 2.93龄的 W_t=0.32W_∞处,为成熟拐点。建议捕捞 3龄以上个体,并作为养殖对象加以发展。     

Age and growth of Gerres sp. (Perciformes: Gerreidae) in Okinawa Island of Southern Japan

A total of 518 Gerres sp. were collected around Okinawa Island, Japan, from November 2002 to July 2005, with monthly sampling where the standard length of females (n=218) were 56.2–147.1 mm, and males (n=149) were 62.2–139.4 mm. The maximum ages observed for females were 5⁺ years and males were 4⁺ years, estimated by transverse sectioned sagittal otoliths. Mean marginal increment indicated that opaque rings were formed once a year during April to July. The standard length (SL; mm) — body wet weight (BW; g) relationships were described as BW=(3.26×10⁻⁵) SL^2.97 and BW=(3.13×10⁻⁵) SL ^2.98 for females and males, respectively, and the standard length at age described by von Bertalanffy growth function for females, L _t=137.1(1−e^{−0.80[t+0.80]}) and males, L _t=127.3(1−e^{−0.82[t+0.93]}).     

大西洋海域大眼金枪鱼年龄与生长的初步研究

根据2001年6~10月在大西洋海域金枪鱼延绳钓渔业中采集的89 ind大眼金枪鱼样本,对其叉长、体重进行测定,并以脊椎骨作为年龄鉴定材料。结果表明,叉长组成为85~186 cm,体重组成为11.5~132.5kg,年龄为2~6龄。体重与叉长关系式为W=4.5026×10-5×FL2.8200。利用一般Von Bertalanffy生长方程来拟合,叉长和体重生长方程为:FL=257.90×(1-e-0.1960(t+3.7919))2.5933,Wt=284.28×[(1-e-0.1960(t+3.7919))2.5933]2.8200。叉长和体重的生长拐点分别为1.07龄和5.75龄。     

Life history and ecology of the glowbelly <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acropoma japonicum</Emphasis> in the Uwa Sea,Japan

ABSTRACT:   The life history and ecology of the glowbelly Acropoma japonicum a commercially important fishery resource, were investigated in the Uwa Sea, Japan. Newly settled juveniles (0⁺) appeared at the end of the breeding season and reached maturity in the next season, i.e. when they became yearlings (1⁺). The yearlings made a gametic effort comparable to that of older fish. During the breeding season, the somatic conditions were more deteriorated for males than for females. That the deterioration of male somatic conditions was not attributable to a sexual difference in energy gain from feeding suggests that the males incurred higher energetic costs of reproduction despite their relatively low gonadosomatic indices. Such an energy depletion may increase the mortality risk, resulting in female-biased sex ratios in the older age classes. Most of the 1⁺ fish disappeared in winter following their first breeding. For A. japonicum , the observed precocity and short life span is notable because it is a higher consumer that is generally expected to show later maturation and longer life. As possible explanations for their disappearances, predation and postbreeding emaciation were less likely. While fishing is one of the most influential factors, the possibility of age-specific migration toward deeper waters remains to be examined.     

Age estimation of the wild population of Japanese mantis shrimp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oratosquilla oratoria</Emphasis> (Crustacea: Stomatopoda) in Tokyo Bay,Japan, using lipofuscin as an age marker

ABSTRACT:   In this study, the age composition of the Japanese mantis shrimp, Oratosquilla oratoria , in Tokyo Bay, central Japan, was investigated using lipofuscin, an autofluorescent pigment, as an age marker. Lipofuscin in a histological section of protocerebral bridge cell mass (PBCM) in the brain was identified by confocal microscopy, and its concentration was quantified by image analysis. Modal analysis of the lipofuscin concentration showed four regularly-spaced modes that could each be regarded as a distinct age group. This implied a constant lipofuscin accumulation in PBCM at a 6.5 × 10⁻²% volume fraction per year; it also implied the existence of individuals that are at least 4 years old. The lipofuscin concentration was found to be a more appropriate index than body length for estimating the age of O. oratoria , because the modal analysis on the body–length histogram failed to detect apparent age groups. This was probably a result of the declining growth rate with age and the individual variations in growth through molting leading to considerable overlap in the size between different age groups. The lipofuscin analysis suggested that fast-growing individuals in each cohort are recruited to the fishery, and most individuals attain the exploitable size between 2 and 3 years of age.     

羊消化道寄生虫种类及防治措施

羊消化道的寄生虫病较多,不仅能不同程度地影响羊只的生长发育,降低生产性能,严重的还能造成羊只死亡,对养羊业危害较为严重。笔者概述了羊消化道寄生虫种类及不同地区、季节、年龄羊消化道寄生虫的感染情况,并介绍不同羊消化道寄生虫常用的驱虫药及防治策略。     

毛竹林生态系统植硅体的分布及其影响因素

在浙江省临安市青山、安吉县船坝、新昌县巧英和新昌县大市聚等4个地点选取毛竹Phyllostachys edulis竹叶及林地土壤,运用微波消解及Walkley-Black方法,研究不同岩性土壤上发育的同一竹龄毛竹竹叶和同一岩性土壤上发育的不同竹龄毛竹竹叶中植硅体的产生和分布规律,为毛竹林植硅体碳汇调控提供科学参考。结果表明:①毛竹竹叶中植硅体质量分数为50.8~99.1 g·kg-1,基本上是由上部到下部递减,在不同岩性间的差异表现为花岗岩>花岗闪长岩>玄武岩>页岩。②毛竹竹叶中植硅体的产生通量变化范围为154.9~605.9 kg·hm-2·a-1,在不同岩性间的差异表现为花岗岩>花岗闪长岩>玄武岩>页岩。③若按目前全国毛竹林面积3.3×106hm2,植硅体产生通量209.5~420.2 kg·hm-2·a-1以及植硅体中碳含量(3±1)%计算,那么中国毛竹林通过叶植硅体约可以固定二氧化碳(76.1~152.5)×106kg·a-1。     

不同虾类的过敏原及其过敏原性

美洲帘蛤Mercenaria mercenaria(Linnaeus,1758)隶属于软体动物门Mollusea、瓣鳃纲Lamellibrachia、帘蛤目Veneroida、帘蛤科Veneridae,又称硬壳蛤、北方帘蛤或小圆蛤。原产于美国佛罗里达州Cawrence湾,墨西哥湾,加利福尼亚Hamboldt湾到英格兰海域,在美国东、西海岸北纬25°~38°海域均有分布。美洲帘蛤与我国的文蛤(Meretrixmeretrix)同属帘蛤科,是一种生长快,适应能力强,适温、适盐范围广,经济价值高的大型双壳贝类[4-10]。美洲帘蛤软体部的蛋白质含量高达60.69%(DS),氨基酸的总含量为524.2mg·g-1,蛋白质的氨基酸含量为893.5mg·g-1…