黄牛瘤胃中多不饱和脂肪酸氢化的影响因素

为探索黄牛瘤胃中影响多不饱和脂肪酸氢化的因素,通过体外模拟瘤胃发酵的方法,研究不同补充料、瘤胃微生物、培养时间对瘤胃氢化作用的影响。结果表明：微生物培养时间所引起的变异占NH₃-N总变异的64.20%,是引起NH₃-N变化的主要影响因素;不同补充料、微生物区系和培养时间对挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)各组分的影响有显著差异;微生物培养时间与微生物区系的互作对丙酸、异丁酸和丁酸具有显著影响(V_{微生物×时间}分别为43.32**,1.56**和2.87**);乙酸、异戊酸、戊酸不受微生物区系、培养时间、不同补充料的影响;以膨化大豆为补充料时,NH3|N的含量最高(19.49 mg/mL)且显著高于焙烤大豆;不同的原料和培养时间及其二者间的相互作用将对硬脂酸含量产生显著的影响(三者引起的变异占硬脂酸总变异的77.76%),而瘤胃微生物区系只在特定的培养时间才对硬脂酸含量产生显著影响;亚油酸(C18∶2)浓度只受到不同的瘤胃微生物的影响,不同的原料、培养时间和瘤胃微生物区系间的互作对反式油酸(C18∶1)浓度、亚麻酸(C18∶3)浓度均有显著或极显著的影响。     

不同脂肪源对肉仔鸡肝脏中脂肪代谢相关基因表达的影响

本试验运用牛油、豆油、鱼油三种脂肪酸组成不同的脂肪源设计日粮 ,因而其对肉仔鸡肝脏中FAS、ACC、HMG -COA还原酶基因的mRNA的表达量的影响也存在差异。结果表明富含PUFA的鱼油相对其它脂肪源对此三种基因表达的抑制作用最为明显。运用RT -PCR定量的三种基因的mRNA的量分别比牛油组下降了 5 0 .35 %、4 0 .35 %和81.4 9% ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。而豆油组中此三种基因的表达相对牛油组下降了 1.4 8%、2 0 .6 9%、2 4 .5 3% ,其抑制效果不如鱼油。     

饲料中n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值对罗氏沼虾幼虾生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响

为探讨饲料多不饱和脂肪酸n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值对罗氏沼虾幼虾生长性能、虾体肌肉组成、抗氧化能力、血清生理指标以及消化能力的影响,实验设计了n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值分别为0.37 (D1)、0.59 (D2)、0.93 (D3)、1.51 (D4)和4.38 (D5)的5种等氮等脂饲料饲喂罗氏沼虾幼虾8周,每组设4重复,每个重复40尾虾 。结果显示,饲料n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值对罗氏沼虾幼虾存活率 (SR)无显著影响;实验虾终末体重 (FW)、增重率 (WGR)和特定生长率 (SGR)随饲料n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值增加先升后降,均在D3组最高;且D3组虾有最大的肝胰腺蛋白酶活性及脂肪酸合成酶活性。虾体肌肉粗蛋白质、水分和灰分含量不受饲料n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值影响,但总脂肪含量在D3组显著高于其他组;各组虾体肌肉的n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值的变化趋势与饲料的n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值变化趋势呈正相关。随饲料n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值增加,实验虾血清和肝胰腺中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性、总抗氧化能力 (T-AOC)和血清铜蓝蛋白 (CP)含量均呈现先升后降趋势,并在n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值为0.93~1.51时达到最大,但丙二醛 (MDA)含量持续上升;D1组血清总胆固醇 (T-CHO)和甘油三酯 (TG)含量显著高于其他组;血清谷草转氨酶 (AST)和谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)活性先降后升,且D3组最低。研究表明,饲料适宜的n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA可显著提升罗氏沼虾生长性能和抗氧化能力,对增重率和特定生长率进行折线回归,建议罗氏沼虾幼虾饲料中最适n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA比值为0.86~0.94。     

多不饱和脂肪酸对禽类免疫功能的影响研究进展

作者综述了多不饱和脂肪酸对禽类免疫功能的影响研究进展,包括多不饱和脂肪酸对禽类免疫器官、体液免疫、细胞免疫和细胞因子的影响,及多不饱和脂肪酸调节免疫功能的机制。     

The Influence of Forage/Concentrate Ratio and Full Fat Soya By-Pass Supplementation on the Fatty Acids Profile from the Carcase of Fatting Lambs

There was organized a 2×2 factorial type experience in which it has been aimed the influence of forage/concentrates ratio and the effect of supplementing the ratio with full fat soya by-pass （FFS） on the production performance and carcass fatty acid profile of fattening lambs. 32 Tsigai lambs were divided into 4 groups and were fed with 2 different diets regarding the forage/concentrates ratio （35/65 and 65/35, on a DM basis）, containing or not 5% FFS （full fat soya treated with formaldehyde 12.5%）. Including FFS in diet and the ratios rich in concentrates determined a significant improvement in weight gain （P〈0.01）, in the degree of food recovery and in fatty acid profile from the carcass. It has been significantly increased （P〈0.01） the weight of polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） from intramuscular fat （longissimus dorsi-LD and femoral biceps-FB） and the deposit fat （subcutaneous-SC and perirenal-PR） and decreased the proportion of saturated （SFA） and monounsaturated fatty acids （MUFA）. Most significant differences were recorded about PUFA from Omega-3 series （C18：3 n-3, EPA C22：3 n-3, DPA and DHA） and CLA isomers （conjugated linolenic acid： C 18：2 C9, tl I＋C 18：2 t10, C 12）. The best profile of fatty acids, considered in light of the influence on human health （high concentration of Omega 3 fatty acids and CLA and low in SFA） was established in LD, for lambs fed with diets high in concentrates and which contained FFS （HC/S）.     

Impact of different inclusion levels of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fronds on fatty acid profiles of goat muscles

The effects of different inclusion levels of oil palm fronds (OPF) on the fatty acid profile of the longissimus dorsi (LD), biceps femoris (BF) and infraspinatus (IS) muscle of goats fed for 100 days are described. Twenty‐four individually housed Kacang crossbred male goats (averaged 21.7 ± 0.97 kg BW) were allocated to three groups receiving either a 100% concentrate control diet (CON), diet with 25% inclusion level of OPF (HAF) or a diet with 50% inclusion of OPF. The diets were adjusted to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous and fed at 3.0% of BW daily. Samples of LD, BF and IS muscles were taken at slaughter for the determination of fatty acid profiles. The total saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the LD and BF muscles of the OPF group were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the CON group. For all muscles, C18:3n‐3 and total n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the OPF group than the CON group with minimal impact on the C18:2n‐6 and total n‐6PUFA. Consequently, the n‐6:n‐3 ratio significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the OPF group compared to the CON group. The LD muscle had a significantly higher conjugated linoleic acid 18:2 c19t11 compared to other muscles. There were no interactions between muscle x diet except for total SFA. It is concluded that OPF at 25–50% inclusion levels may decrease the SFA and increase the n‐3PUFA content in chevon, with no apparent adverse effects on the growth performance of the animals, can be used as a feed ingredient to support goat farming in countries that lack grazing pasture.