患病大鲵类志贺邻单胞菌的分离与鉴定

从患病濒死大鲵(Andrias davidianus)肝脏中分离到1株病原菌YZ01,经Biolog微生物系统鉴定及16S rDNA序列的系统发育分析,均表明该病原菌为类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigelloides)。人工感染试验可致健康大鲵出现与自然患病大鲵相同的症状,并从感染患病大鲵体内再次分离到该病原菌。药物敏感试验表明,该菌株对头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、氯霉素和头孢呋辛等18种药物敏感。     

动物源大肠杆菌及沙门氏菌抗药性的快速检测

利用本室自主研制的新型96点阵药敏检测盒检测山东地区动物源大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌的药物敏感性,试验结果表明,大肠杆菌对氨苄西林和喹诺酮类药物的抗药率达98%以上,禽源大肠杆菌的抗药率高于猪源大肠杆菌,猪源大肠杆菌的抗药谱广于禽源大肠杆菌;沙门氏菌抗药率略低于大肠杆菌,但同样呈现多重抗药,主要集中在5抗-7抗和13抗-14抗两个范围。96点阵抗生素药敏检测盒是适合于试验室进行大规模抗药性监测的新工具,具有简易、准确、快速、大通量、节约的优点,为临床治疗中抗生素的使用、细菌病的治疗提供了技术保障,从而达到避免盲目使用抗生素,降低细菌抗药率的目的。     

Heat Shock Protein in Developing Grains in Relation to Thermotolerance for Grain Growth in Wheat

Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cvs DL 153-2 and HD 2285 (relatively tolerant), HD 2329 and WH 542 (relatively susceptible), were grown under normal (27 November) and late (28 December) sown conditions. In another experiment, these cultivars were grown under normal sowing and at anthesis stage, they were transferred to control (C) and heated (H) open top chambers (OTCs). Under late sowing, wheat cultivars were exposed to a mean maximum temperature of up to 3.6 °C higher than normal sowing and in H-OTCs, mean maximum temperature was 3.2 °C higher than C-OTCs during grain growth period. Heat susceptibility index (S) for grain growth and grain yield was determined at maturity in both the experiments. The level of heat shock protein (HSP 18) in the developing grains was determined in C- and H-OTC grown plants and in normal and late sown plants by Western blot analysis. The moderately high temperature exposure increased the accumulation of HSP 18 in the developing grains. The relatively tolerant cultivars, as also revealed from S , showed a greater increase in HSP 18 compared with susceptible types in response to moderate heat stress. An association of HSP 18 with thermotolerance for grain growth in wheat was indicated.     

洞庭湖区东方田鼠对溴敌隆的敏感性

从洞庭湖防洪大堤护坡和湖滩捕捉试鼠,在实验室做无选择性摄食试验。将试鼠雌雄分开,随机分组,配制0.000 2％溴敌隆毒饵进行不同时间的攻毒试验。用SPSS进行几率单位加权回归法(Bliss法)的计算,探讨不同食毒期与对应死亡率之间的关系。结果表明,东方田鼠性别之间对溴敌隆的敏感性差异无统计学意义,故将雌雄数据合并计算,得毒力回归方程y=0.07+2.65x,LFP50、LFP98、LFP99及其95％置信限分别是0.94(0.43～1.33)、5.63(3.51～20.83) d和7.14(4.15～33.52) d。按WHO修订以致死99％敏感靶标鼠种的食毒期(LFP99)取整天数作为抗药性检验标准,洞庭湖区东方田鼠对0.000 2％的溴敌隆毒饵食毒期超过8 d存活为产生抗药性。     

Responses of striped stem borer,Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), from Taiwan to a range of insecticides

BACKGROUND: Information on the insecticide susceptibility of striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is essential for an effective pest management programme. An early detection of resistance development can prompt the modification of current control methods and increase the lifespan of insecticides through the rotation of chemicals with different modes of action. In this study, the susceptibility of this pest in Taiwan to four classes of insecticides has been examined. RESULTS: Over 1000‐fold resistance to carbofuran was detected in C. suppressalis collected from Chiayi and Changhua prefectures, with estimated LC₅₀ values of > 3 mg cm^?2. In addition, 61‐fold resistance to cartap was found in the Chiayi population. On the other hand, all tested populations of rice stem borer were still relatively susceptible to chlorpyrifos, fipronil and permethrin, with LC₅₀ values ranging from 30 to 553 ng cm^?2. Chilo suppressalis populations collected from the central parts of Taiwan have a higher degree of resistance to the tested insecticides than those from northern areas. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of high resistance to carbofuran in the Chiayi and Changhua areas suggests that this compound should be replaced with chemicals having a different mode of action, such as chlorpyrifos, fipronil and permethrin, to which low cross‐resistance has been detected. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

新疆棉区棉铃虫对Bt毒蛋白(Cry1Ac蛋白)敏感基线的测定

[目的]测定新疆棉区棉铃虫对Bt毒蛋白(Cry1Ac蛋白)的敏感基线.[方法]实验采用梯度浓度测定法对新疆8个主要常规棉区的棉铃虫进行敏感性测定.[结果]测得新疆棉区棉铃虫对Bt毒蛋白(Cry1Ac)的敏感基线:平均致死中浓度(LC50)为0.033 μg/mL,范围为0.022～0.048 μg/mL.LC90的值为0.899 μg/mL,范围为0.526～1.333 μg/mL.抗性识别浓度LC99的值为1.020 μg/mL.采集的所有种群都对Bt毒蛋白(Cry1Ac)具有高度的敏感性.95;置信区间方差分析表明,新疆主要常规棉区棉铃虫对Bt毒蛋白(Cry1Ac)的敏感度差异不显著.[结论]实验所得到的数据可作为今后新疆棉区棉铃虫抗性监测的基准.     

龙眼角颊木虱田间种群对药剂的敏感性

采用浸渍法测定杀虫剂对龙眼角颊木虱毒力,并对龙眼角颊木虱体内相关酶系的活性进行比较,结果表明:三氟氯氰菊酯的毒力最高,其对福州田间种群龙眼角颊1龄、2龄、3-4龄若虫的LC50分别为0.5044、0.8635、1.3934 mg.L-1,对仙游种群的LC50分别为0.8557、1.2956、2.1453 mg.L-1;噻嗪酮的毒力最低,对福州种群各龄若虫的LC50分别为53.0060、103.5494、231.6822 mg.L-1,对仙游种群的LC50分别为90.8686、121.2680、243.1726 mg.L-1.同一种群的龙眼角颊木虱若虫对药剂的敏感性随虫龄的增加而降低,不同虫龄若虫对药剂敏感性差异与AChE、CarE、GSTs活性差异呈正相关;龙眼角颊木虱田间种群对药剂敏感性在不同地区存在明显差异,不同地理种群药剂敏感性差异与AChE、CarE活性差异呈显著相关,与GSTs活性无显著性差异.     

福建省茶小绿叶蝉抗药性的地区差异

采用浸梢法测定茶小绿叶蝉对8种杀虫剂的相对敏感基线,福建省不同地区茶小绿叶蝉对5种杀虫剂的药剂敏感性水平。结果表明,联苯菊酯、溴虫腈、三氟氯氰菊酯、吡虫啉、高效氯氰菊酯、啶虫脒、噻嗪酮、杀螟丹等药剂对小绿叶蝉均有较高的毒力,不同地区小绿叶蝉对药剂的抗性水平不同。福安茶场的小绿叶蝉种群对联苯菊酯、啶虫脒已经产生了高抗水平,抗性倍数分别达44.1和97.4倍,对吡虫啉达中抗水平,抗性倍数为11.8倍;北峰茶场的小绿叶蝉种群对杀螟丹的抗性水平为中抗,抗性倍数为16.4倍;武夷山茶场的小绿叶蝉种群对啶虫脒已经产生了高抗水平,抗性倍数为52.3倍。不同茶场的小绿叶蝉种群对溴虫腈表现敏感。     

养殖鳗鲡致病性气单胞菌对抗生素药物的敏感性

以30种抗生素药物（包括12大类）研究32株鳗鲡致病性气单胞菌（包括嗜水、维氏、豚鼠和简达气单胞菌4种）对药物的敏感性.结果表明,多数致病性气单胞菌对庆大霉素、阿米卡星、头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、卡那霉素、洛美沙星、呋喃妥因、哌拉西林、左氧氟沙星、壮观霉素、链霉素、阿奇霉素、氟哌酸、头孢曲松、强力霉素和头孢呋辛等16种药物敏感;而多数菌株对新生霉素、头孢克罗、头孢拉定、头孢唑林、头孢噻吩、利福平、复方新诺明、氨苄西林、乙酰螺旋霉素、羧苄青霉素和青霉素等11种药物耐药.32株菌对β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、氟喹诺酮类、喹诺酮类、四环素类和硝基呋喃等6类药物敏感,而对安沙霉素类、磺胺类和香豆素等3类药物耐药;除哌拉西林外,所有菌株对另外3种青霉素类药物耐药;致病菌株普遍对其中的1种大环内酯类（阿奇霉素）和4种头孢类（头孢呋辛、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶）药物敏感,而对其它大环内酯类和头孢类产生了耐药性.研究发现仅维氏气单胞菌对头孢克罗、头孢拉定、头孢噻吩和头孢唑林敏感,而其余3种菌均耐药.