低聚木糖和低聚壳聚糖及其复合制剂对肉鸡生产性能、免疫机能和盲肠菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究低聚木糖(XOS)和低聚壳聚糖(COS)及其复合制剂对肉鸡生产性能、免疫机能和盲肠菌群的影响。将240只1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每重复8只。对照组(CON)饲喂基础日粮,其他处理组分别在基础日粮中添加100 mg/kg XOS(XOS),30 mg/kg COS(COS),50 mg/kg XOS+10 mg/kg COS(XCⅠ),75 mg/kg XOS+15 mg/kg COS(XCⅡ)。结果表明:与对照组相比,XOS、XCⅠ、XCⅡ均能显著提高肉鸡21 d、42 d平均体重(BW)和1²1 d平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.05);XCⅠ、XCⅡ较COS 42 d体重和121 d平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.05);XCⅠ、XCⅡ较COS 42 d体重和1⁴2 d的ADG显著提高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,XCⅠ、XCⅡ14 d、28 d肉鸡胸腺指数及14 d肉鸡十二指肠和空肠黏膜IgG含量;且XCⅠ14 d肉鸡盲肠乳酸杆菌数量较CON和XOS也有提高。结果提示,XOS和COS能改善肉鸡生产性能,改善肉鸡微生物区系,提高机体免疫功能,且XOS与COS低剂量复合添加效果优于单一寡糖,两者具有协同效应,本试验条件下以50 mg/kg XOS+10 mg/kg COS复合效果为最佳。     

孵化后期喷醋处理对蛋壳超微结构的影响

蛋壳质量对鸡蛋的运输、贮存及孵化等过程至关重要。为深入探讨孵化前、后种蛋蛋壳的微观结构变化,寻找提高绿壳鸡蛋出雏率的方法,本研究选取了210枚绿壳鸡蛋种蛋,分别采集孵化前(A组)、常规孵化后(B组)、孵化后期5%醋酸喷洒处理(C组)的蛋壳各5枚,用扫描电镜分析蛋壳超微结构。结果显示,B、C组孵化后蛋壳的内表面已无网状结构的壳膜蛋白纤维,可见裸露的蜂窝状乳突椎体。在蛋壳横断面上,B、C组孵化后蛋壳的平均厚度分别为276.3、275.4 μm,均显著低于A组。其中,有效层厚度3组间差异不显著;而乳突层厚度B、C组显著低于A组,乳突单元比较松散,椎体顶部几乎崩解消失。与孵化前A组蛋壳相比,B、C组孵化后蛋壳的晶体层变得疏松,表层角质层已不见。常规孵化(B组)蛋壳的外表面粗糙,裂隙宽而浅;喷醋处理(C组)蛋壳的外表面有层状醋酸钙堆积,凹凸感明显。本研究表明,孵化后蛋壳厚度变薄并显疏松,特别是乳突层厚度显著减小。孵化后期喷醋处理使种蛋表面结构发生变化,对提高绿壳鸡蛋的出雏率起到了一定作用。     

外源壳寡糖对唐古特白刺抗旱性的影响

为明确壳寡糖(chitooligosaccharide,COS)对干旱下唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)相关生理特性的影响,以两年生唐古特白刺为研究对象,设置对照组(蒸馏水)和COS处理组(40 mg/L),对唐古特白刺叶片进行整株喷施,测定不同干旱条件下(即断水后第11、13、15、17、19 d)植株的相关生理指标。结果表明,与对照组相比,断水第13 d及以后,COS处理组叶片的相对含水量提高12.76%～17.38%,叶绿素含量提高21.76%～45.46%,电解质外渗率降低14.20%～28.36%,丙二醛含量降低19.13%～25.30%,可溶性糖含量提高20.44%～36.85%,可溶性蛋白含量提高8.19%～23.19%,脯氨酸含量提高10.55%～32.34%;断水第15 d以后,COS处理组叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性提高22.85%～41.87%,过氧化物酶活性提高13.51%～25.80%,过氧化氢酶活性提高19.11%～28.50%。在不同断水时期,外源COS可显著提高唐古特白刺植株的相对含水量、叶绿素含量、渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性,同时明显降低了叶片电解质外渗率和丙二醛含量。     

矩形底面扁球面网壳的分岔问题

对曲面为正三角形网格矩形底面扁球面单层网壳,用拟壳法建立非线性动力学方程,在固定夹紧的边界条件下,给出满足边界条件的动态解。通过Galerkin法得到该问题的非线性动力学方程,用Floquent指数方法研究系统的分岔问题,讨论了平衡点(奇点)领域的稳定性问题。并且通过数字仿真绘出了不同平衡点处系统的分岔图,指出系统在动静载荷作用下平衡位置的变化情况。     

Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fructooligosaccharides on Growth Performance,Nutrient Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Arctic Foxes (Alopex lagopus) during Early Growth Period北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indices of Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) during early growth period. Sixty male post-litter Arctic foxes with the average body weight of (1.16±0.15) kg and at the age of (45±3) days were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 5 foxes per replicate. The foxes were fed the following diets, respectively: basal diet (control group), basal diet+3×109 CFU / kg LAB (LAB group), basal diet+5 g / kg FOS (FOS group) and basal diet+3×109 CFU / kg LAB+5 g / kg FOS (LAB+FOS group). The experiment lasted for 30 days. The results showed as follows: 1) on the days 1 to 15, the diarrhea rate of foxes in the LAB group and LAB+FOS group was significantly lower than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05). On the days 16 to 30, the average daily gain of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05); the diarrhea rate of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly lower than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05); compared with the FOS group, the feed to gain ratio of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 2) The dry matter digestibility of foxes in the LAB + FOS group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P < 0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in nitrogen intake, fecal nitrogen, urine nitrogen, nitrogen deposition, net protein utilization and protein biological value among all groups (P>0.05). 3) Serum total protein (TP) content of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly higher than that in the FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with control group and LAB group (P>0.05). Serum albumin (ALB) content of foxes in the LAB group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB+ FOS group (P>0.05). Serum urea nitrogen (UN) content of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0. 05). In conclusion, the combined supplementation of 3 × 109 CFU / kg LAB and 5 g / kg FOS in the diet is beneficial to reduce diarrhea rate, improve dry matter digestibility, improve body immune level, and promote the growth of Arctic foxes during early growth period. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Urology. All rights reserved.     

绿壳蛋鸡放养技术要点

正绿壳蛋鸡多为黑色，蛋壳为绿色，故又称乌鸡蛋。富含多种氨基酸、维生素，具有滋阴、补肾、养血之功效，有较好的滋补保健作用。绿壳蛋在市场供不应求，具有较高的推广价值，因此饲养绿壳蛋鸡能带来较高的经济效益。     

水稻颍壳不闭合、不结实现象分析

水稻是我国的主要粮食之一,其产量的高低直接影响到了我国粮食供给的安全性。因此对于我国农业而言,保证水稻的产量是极为重要。目前我国水稻在种植与生产的过程当中非常容易出现颍壳不闭合与不结实的现象,这一现象对于水稻的生产是极为不利的。如果不能及时对这一问题进行预防和治理,很可能会使得水稻的产量大幅度下降,给农业从业者带来较大的经济损失。文章对水稻颍壳不闭合以及不结实现象进行较为详细地分析,并提出预防与治理的方案。     

盐渍化土壤覆土材料理化性状及其对双孢蘑菇生长的影响

研究山西省当地盐渍化土壤添加草炭土、醋糟、谷糠或高粱壳配制的不同覆土材料(Ⅰ:66.7%草炭土,33.3%盐渍化土壤;Ⅱ:50%草炭土,50%盐渍化土壤;Ⅲ~Ⅴ:每立方米盐渍化土壤分别添加45kg醋糟、谷糠或高粱)的理化性状,并比较不同覆土材料对双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)生长的影响,以草炭土为对照。从覆土至第一潮菇采收结束,Ⅰ和Ⅱ覆土电导率呈逐渐上升趋势,而Ⅲ~Ⅴ覆土的电导率则一直保持较高水平,为1427~1980μS/cm,第三潮菇采收时,Ⅰ~Ⅴ覆土电导率均显著下降;覆土第6天开始,Ⅰ~Ⅴ覆土的pH明显高于对照,为7.47~8.47;Ⅰ和Ⅱ覆土处理的发菌天数与对照相同,Ⅲ~Ⅴ覆土处理则比对照延长3d;各处理的第一潮菇和第三潮菇的采收时间均为5d,第二潮菇采收时间各处理间略有差异,但总产量均高于对照,其中以Ⅲ覆土处理产量最高,达21.3kg/m~2。试验结果表明,盐渍化土壤添加草炭土、醋糟、谷糠或高粱壳均可作为生产双孢蘑菇的覆土材料。     

丰辉核桃密植整形修剪技术

<正>丰辉核桃是山东省果树研究所选育的品种,为香玲的姊妹系。该品种果实长椭圆形、黄绿色、茸毛少、青皮较薄,果柄中短,坚果长椭圆形、浅黄色、果顶少尖、纵横侧径平均3.45 cm、壳面刻沟较浅、较光滑、缝合线紧密不容易开裂、内褶壁膜退化,单果质量为9.5~15.4 g、壳厚0.9~1.0 mm,取仁容易,可以取全仁,内种皮浅黄色、无涩味,核仁饱满味香,出仁率达54.6%~61.2%、含脂率61.77%、蛋白质22.9%,品质上