高盐对缢蛏生长存活、Na+/K+-ATPase活性及能量代谢相关指标的影响

以缢蛏（Sinonovacula constricta）为研究对象,设置养殖周期为60 d的对照组（20）和高盐组（30）比较实验,分别在0、10、30和60 d进行取样,检测高盐对缢蛏生长存活、鳃组织Na+/K+-ATPase（NKA）活性及肝胰腺和血清能量代谢相关指标的影响。结果表明,高盐组缢蛏在30~60 d的养殖时间段内存活率为45.1%±2.9%,壳长、壳宽、壳高和体质量特定生长率分别为0.15%/d、0.17%/d、0.13%/d和0.61%/d,均显著低于对照组。各时间点高盐组NKA活性均显著低于对照组。10和60 d时对照组缢蛏肝胰腺己糖激酶（HK）活性显著高于高盐组,血清中葡萄糖（GLU）含量、乳酸（LA）含量和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性也显著高于高盐组,高盐组缢蛏无氧代谢水平低于对照组。30 d时高盐组血清中GLU含量、LA含量和LDH活性显著高于对照组,高盐组缢蛏无氧代谢水平高于对照组。0、10和30 d时高盐组肝胰腺琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）活性显著高于对照组,高盐胁迫下缢蛏需氧代谢水平上升。研究表明：长期高盐养殖下,缢蛏仍能保持一定的存活率和生长速度;高盐影响了缢蛏的渗透调节和能量代谢,渗透调节增加了其能量消耗。本研究为进一步培育缢蛏耐高盐新品系提供了参考资料。     

盐度对金钱鱼幼鱼存活、生长和抗氧化系统的影响

为探讨盐度对金钱鱼(Scatophagus argus)幼鱼存活、生长和抗氧化状态的影响,在6个盐度梯度(淡水和盐度5、10、20、30和35)下,养殖体质量为(6.27±0.28)g金钱鱼幼鱼60 d,统计其存活率及生长情况,测定各盐度下金钱鱼幼鱼肝脏、鳃、肌肉组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)活力,以及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明:金钱鱼幼鱼在盐度为0~35时存活率为97.78%~100%,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。盐度为5时,终末体长、体质量和增重率均达到最大,盐度为35时,终末体长、体质量和增重率最小。盐度5条件下的特定生长率为(0.96±0.01)%,显著高于其他盐度组(P<0.05)。基于特定生长率的二次回归模型拟合,预测体质量为(6.27±0.28)g的金钱鱼幼鱼高效养殖盐度为7.5。淡水组和盐度35高盐组金钱鱼幼鱼肝脏中SOD与CAT活力显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),并且肝脏中的GPx活力和MDA含量也处于较高水平。GST活力与GSH含量在各盐度组间没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。研究揭示:金钱鱼幼鱼在0~35的盐度时具有高存活率,但在低盐环境中生长较快;淡水和高盐环境能引起鱼体内产生一定程度的抗氧化应激。推荐金钱鱼幼鱼养殖盐度为5~10。     

Mesoscale eddies and survival of late stage Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) larvae

We examined the distribution of sardine larvae relative to environmental conditions with the purpose of identifying and characterizing habitat that encourages high larval growth and survival, based on the 1983–1998 surveys of the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI). Long-term averages show that sardine 'survivors' (spatially aggregated larvae ≥ 18 days old) were most abundant offshore, whereas sardine egg density, chlorophyll biomass and zooplankton volume were greatest inshore. In contrast, mesoscale eddies, observed in remotely sensed sea surface temperature imagery, were found only in offshore regions. To further examine the link between eddies – which often result in locally elevated chlorophyll and zooplankton – and sardine survival, we compared the distribution of larvae and eddies survey by survey. Sardine survivors were most abundant offshore in only one-quarter of the research surveys, and when they were most abundant offshore they were associated with eddies. This indicates that the offshore eddy habitat produced exceptionally large numbers of survivors, as evidenced by the disproportionate effect on the long-term average.     

盐度对鲻鱼前期仔鱼生长与存活的影响

本文研究了鲻鱼前期仔鱼在不同海水盐度条件下的生长和存活情况。结果表明：鲻鱼前期仔鱼生长与存活的适宜盐度范围为20－32‰，盐度低于20‰，随盐度下降，前期仔鱼存活率降低，生长速度趋慢；反之，盐度高于32‰，随盐度升高，前期仔鱼存活率降低，生长速度趋缓。     

Feeding juvenile Artemia enriched with ascorbic acid improves larval survival in the spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii

Newly hatched Jasus edwardsii phyllosoma were fed unenriched Artemia [endogenous ascorbic acid (AA) concentration of 166 μg g^?1 dry weight (dw)], Artemia supplemented with algae (AA concentration 594 μg g^?1 dw) or with ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate (A2P) (AA concentration 11 737 μg g^?1 dw) to examine possible benefits of AA enhancement on culture. Plain or algal‐enriched Artemia were fed continuously for 28 days in two treatments during the study. Four other treatments received A2P‐enriched Artemia on a progressive basis starting from the commencement of the trial (D‐0), the third (D‐3), sixth (D‐6) or ninth day (D‐9) of Stage I (14 days) and similarly during Stage II (14 days). Prior to the commencement of A2P supplementation, plain Artemia were supplied to these animals. By Stage III (28 days feeding), algal, D‐0 and D‐3 phyllosoma had attained the largest size. The uptake and retention of AA by Stage III phyllosoma appeared to be dose‐dependent with the highest concentration of AA incorporation evident in D‐0 phyllosoma (1816 μg g^?1 dw), while algal and plain phyllosoma contained the lowest concentrations (600 and 300 μg g^?1 dw, respectively). Survival at Stage III was highest in D‐0 phyllosoma (89%) and lowest in plain phyllosoma (51%). There was a positive relationship between phyllosoma AA concentration and larval survival (R² = 0.8328, P < 0.0001). D‐0 phyllosoma had the lowest stress index when subjected to an osmotic/temperature activity test, indicative of better survival in culture compared to plain, algal and D‐9 phyllosoma, which had consistently higher indices. A negative relationship existed between phyllosoma AA concentration and stress indices at Stage III (R² = 0.9263, P < 0.0001), suggesting that AA from the Artemia diet conferred stress resistance.     

Nursery rearing of kalbasu, Labeo calbasu (Hamilton), at different stocking densities in outdoor concrete tanks

The growth and survival of kalbasu, Labeo calbasu, was evaluated at stocking densities of 5, 10 and 15 million spawn ha⁻¹ in nursery rearing in concrete tanks of 50 m², each for a period of 25 days. Survival of fry was density dependent and significantly higher (54.5%) at 5 million ha⁻¹ than those at 10 million ha⁻¹ (50.1%) and 15 million ha⁻¹ (46.9%). Similarly, growth and specific growth rate were inversely related to the stocking density and varied significantly among the three densities.     

Long-term changes in the smolt size and age of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in a northern Baltic river related to parr density, growth opportunity and postsmolt survival

Abstract –  The size of wild Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) smolts in 1972–2004 was studied in relation to parr density, smolt age, growth opportunity and postsmolt survival in the Simojoki River. There was a significant negative regression between the annual mean smolt size and the density of wild >1 year parr in the previous autumn, but not between the annual mean smolt size and age. The density of reared parr released into the river or the growth opportunity, based on the day length and air temperature during the previous summer, did not affect the size of wild smolts. The data on postsmolt survival based on recaptures of Carlin-tagged smolts showed a significant positive relationship ( P  < 0.01) between the survival of postsmolts and the annual size of wild smolts. It is hypothesised that the increased density of wild >1 year parr could have contributed to the decreased smolt size since the 1990s, and the reduced size of wild smolts could be included among the factors resulting in their declined postsmolt survival in the Baltic Sea.     

高寒地区蓝鳃太阳鱼养殖技术研究

本探讨了蓝鳃太阳鱼（Lepomis macrochirus)在高寒地区的生长成活状况。实验结果表明，在东北地区蓝鳃太阳鱼夏季养殖成活率可以达到85%（单养）和65%（混养），6-8月生长速度较好，混养比单养生长速度快，冰下可以安全越冬。     

Effect of bovine colostrum intake on growth,reproductive parameters and survival in red kids

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of frozen Azawak colostrum supplementation on body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), reproductive parameters (mean age at first parturition, fertility, fecundity, prolificacy) and mortality rate among red kids. The study was conducted at the goat farm secondary centre of Maradi in Niger from September 2010 to September 2011. The control animals (n = 20) were left with their mother, while the treatment animals (n = 20) received in addition 50 ml/animal/day of bovine colostrum at birth and 15 ml/animal/day from d2 to d15. Weight was measured weekly from birth to d365. Mortalities were also recorded over the same period. For reproductive parameters, observations began at weaning (d197). Growth rate was higher (p < 0.001) in supplemented animal, and the treatment effects on ADG were observed up to 150 day after the end of supplementation. A similar long‐lasting trend was also observed in relation to the mortality rate (25% for ColG vs. 55% for ConG; p = 0.05). The age at first kidding tended to be lower in the treated group (13.8 ± 0.7 vs. 14.1 ± 0.8 month; p < 0.1). In conclusion, mild bovine colostrum supplementation induces a long‐lasting positive impact on growth rate and to a lower extent on reproduction parameters and survival rate.