黑龙江省高等级公路沥青路面抗滑表层初探

随着公路等级的不断提高 ,车辆的行驶速度也在加快 ,这对高等级公路路面的要求也就越来越高 ,因此 ,沥青路面表面的抗滑性能显得很重要。为此提出了调整沥青混合料级配 ,从而提高路面抗滑能力 ,并对验证级配的全过程进行了论述 ,在理论上为下一步的研究打下了坚实的基础。     

Evaluation of surface smoothness by laser displacement sensor 1: effect of wood species

The best methods for determining surface roughness in an industrial environment are of the noncontact variety, with reproduction of the profile. The objective of this work was to compare the roughness profile obtained by a contact stylus with a commercial laser displacement sensor (LDS). Measurements were done using 15 wood species with different densities and colors, based on which special triangle profiles were prepared. The accuracy of the laser sensor was examined by statistical analysis of roughness parameters measured from the profiles. Experimental results show that LDS profiles were imitated correctly. However, LDS accuracy depends on the scanned wood properties (density and color), installation position of the sensor, and profile shape. It was found that evaluation of dark and high-density wooden surfaces was imperfect.Part of this work was presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April 2000; and at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 2001     

Influence of coating properties on paper-to-paper friction of coated paper

Coated paper-to-coated paper friction properties were examined in relation to printing runnability difficulties like erroneous double feeding of paper sheets. Higher ratios of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) to clay in mixed pigment coatings resulted in higher static and kinetic coefficients of friction (COFs). Microroughness in the order of pigment particle size is considered to relate to COF, because cube-shaped particles of PCC resist sliding. Calendering decreased COF at larger amounts of PCC, but did not change COF of the sole clay formulation at all. Addition of ground calcium carbonate (GCC) decreased COF. The rate of decrease in kinetic COF with increasing number of sliding for the GCC-rich formulation was higher than that for the PCC-rich formulation, presumably because protruding parts, characteristic of the GCC-rich formulation, on the surface were selectively flattened. Addition of styrene-butadiene (SB)-latex up to 14pph decreased COF, but static COF had the highest value at 18pph. The antislip property (as a rubber) of SB-latex developed only in the static mode. Among lubricants formulated, the wax type decreased COF the most remarkably with more effect on kinetic COF than on static COF. Part of this report was presented at the 11th International Printing and Graphic Arts Conference, Bordeaux, France, October 2002     

基于分形理论的木材纹理特征研究

介绍了一种利用自相关函数来估算图像分形维数的方法，并将其应用到木材的纹理分类检测中。实验表明，分形维数值直接反映了木材纹理的粗糙程度，可定性地作为描述木材纹理粗糙度的一种度量。     

Some of the properties of particleboard made from paulownia

The objective of this study was to determine some of the properties of experimental particleboard panels made from low-quality paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa). Chemical properties including holocellulose, cellulose, lignin contents, water solubility, and pH level of the wood were also analyzed. Three-layer experimental panels were manufactured with two density levels using urea–formaldehyde as a binder. Modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond strength (IB), screw-holding strength, thickness swelling, and surface roughness of the specimens were evaluated. Panels with densities of 0.65 g/cm³ and manufactured using a 7-min press time resulted in higher mechanical properties than those of made with densities of 0.55 g/cm³ and press times of 5 min. Based on the initial findings of this study, it appears that higher values of solubility and lignin content of the raw material contributed to better physical and mechanical properties of the experimental panels. All types of strength characteristics of the samples manufactured from underutilized low-quality paulownia wood met the minimum strength requirements of the European Standards for general uses.     

Building Model of Road Roughness

The input model of road roughness is one key element in the study of comfortable performance of vehicle. A model of road roughness, named Partial Wave Adding model, is theoretically analyzed and studied in detail. Based on the mathematical model, digital simulation of road roughness is studied. The simulation results show that the model is an easily actualized model and has universal adaptability.     

Relationship between roughness parameters based on material ratio curve and tactile roughness for sanded surfaces of two hardwoods

The roughness parameters on the material ratio curves were related to tactile roughness for samples of buna and mizunara. The surfaces of the samples were sanded using various grades of coated abrasives and the roughness parameters, reduced peak height (Rpk), core roughness depth (Rk), and reduced valley depth (Rvk), were estimated on the material ratio curves, which were obtained from roughness profiles determined using robust Gaussian regression filter. The values of Rpk and Rk were almost the same for buna and mizunara under the same sanding conditions and increased exponentially with tactile roughness. The coefficients of determination of those parameters and tactile roughness were higher than 0.79 at all cutoff wavelengths. On the other hand, the value of Rvk for mizunara was significantly larger than that for buna because of the deep local valleys. There was no relationship between Rvk and tactile roughness for both species.     

沙蒿、油蒿空间构件及固沙机制研究

油蒿和沙蒿同属菊科、蒿属的沙生半灌木，抗旱性强，生态幅宽，在沙区人工植被中可天然更新，是我国干旱沙区优良的固沙植物种。由于油蒿能够进行光合的部件远多于沙蒿且相对沙蒿能够更好地利用空间资源，在相同的时间内油蒿经光合沉积的生物量远大于沙蒿。受个体空间结构、生物量分配模式及种群整体特征的共同影响，在生存环境相同的情况下油蒿的个体及种群固沙效益要比沙蒿高。     

地面灌溉土壤入渗参数及糙率系数确定方法研究综述

土壤入渗参数的确定包括由田间试验测定、基于水量平衡原理根据灌水资料直接估算和借助灌溉模拟模型优化反求3种方式;田面糙率系数的确定包括由灌溉经验确定、根据灌水资料采用曼宁公式直接估算和借助灌溉模拟模型优化反求3种方式。对地面灌溉土壤入渗参数和田面糙率系数的各种确定方法进行总结,分析了各种方法的特点。结果表明,根据灌水资料推求平均入渗参数和糙率系数已成为主要趋势,各种确定方法之间的差异有待通过田间试验资料进一步分析,与参数值密切相关的水力要素的分析研究需加强。     

地表糙度与水力糙率间关系的试验研究

地表粗糙度是反映地表起伏变化与侵蚀程度的指标.目前,它与水力糙率之间关系的研究结果还没有统一的结论.在上方来水条件下,从水力学的角度出发,探讨了地表粗糙度与水力糙率之间的关系,地表糙度受土壤的理化性质、降雨或上方来水情况等因素的影响很大,具有随机性;地表糙度对水力糙率的作用是一个动态变化的过程,并不总是呈现一种变化规律...