苹果果皮色素类物质含量变化及其相互关系的研究

以6个富士系品种富士、早熟富士、长富2号、红将军、福岛短枝富士和望山红为试材,对果皮中花青素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量、类胡萝卜素、类黄酮和总酚含量进行动态测定,研究成熟过程中色素类物质含量变化及其相互关系。结果表明:6个富士系品种在成熟过程中色素含量变化较为一致,花青素含量逐渐增加,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素含量呈逐渐下降的趋势,且有双峰出现,类黄酮和总酚含量变化不大。在早熟富士和红将军成熟前,花青素含量高于其他品种,叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总量低于其他品种。通径分析表明,花青素含量变化与其他色素呈负相关,受叶绿素a及类胡萝卜素含量影响较大。     

叶面喷施Ca和Mg肥影响三月红荔枝果皮着色的初步机理

以三月红荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.cv Sanyuehong)成年树为试材,以叶面喷施Ca、Mg肥以及它们的混合液为处理,以清水为对照(CK),探讨叶面喷施Ca和Mg肥对三月红荔枝果皮着色影响的初步机理。结果表明,叶面喷施不同的肥料可以明显提高果皮同种矿质元素的含量;不同处理和CK的果皮水溶性K含量与全Ca含量、水溶性K含量与全Mg含量、水溶性Mg含量与全Ca含量以及全Ca含量与全Mg含量的偏相关系数均达到显著水平,水溶性和全量K、Ca和Mg含量之一分别与其余5种含量间的复相关系数达到极显著水平;Ca+Mg处理解决了三月红荔枝果皮\"滞绿\"问题,Mg处理解决了三月红荔枝果肉\"退糖\"问题;Mg处理和CK的果皮水溶性Mg含量较高,是促进其果皮红色着色的主导因素,Ca处理的果皮全Ca含量较高,是促进其果皮红色着色的主导因素,Ca+Mg处理的果皮水溶性Mg含量以及全Ca含量较高,是促进其果皮红色着色的主导因素;不同处理和CK的果皮全Mg、水溶性Ca、全Ca含量均与其花色素苷含量呈正相关指数函数回归关系,不同处理和CK的果皮水溶性Ca含量均与叶绿素含量呈负相关指数函数关系。可见,在三月红荔枝果皮着色发育过程中,Ca和Mg元素具有增益作用,不同的施肥处理通过提高Ca、Mg元素的含量而促进果皮着色。     

几种处理对采后荔枝果皮水分变化与褐变的影响

研究不同处理对采后荔枝果皮水分变化及果皮褐变的影响。结果表明：HgCl2能够抑制果皮圆片失水,以0.2 mmol/L作用最显著。50 μmol/L Forskolin对果皮失水起促进作用,其它处理无显著影响。0.2 mmol/L HgCl2和果实套袋都能抑制果实失重,减缓果皮含水量下降,且能延缓果皮褐变进程。讨论HgCl2抑制果皮失水的机理。     

南宁市黑皮冬瓜引种比较试验

为筛选适应当地气候栽培的高产优质冬瓜新品种,对引进的三个黑皮冬瓜新品种与对照品种进行比较试验,结果表明：综合性状最好的是桂蔬一号,表现为产量高、抗病性强,比对照品种耐运一号每667m2增产1761．19kg,增长26．70％,其他两个品种长炮弹和铁心的产量也显著高于对照,三个新品种中长炮弹的抗病性最强。     

不同干燥方式对芒果果皮理化特性的影响

采用热风干燥、远红外干燥和微波干燥处理芒果果皮,探讨不同干燥方法对芒果果皮理化特性的影响.结果表明:微波干燥的芒果果皮干基含水率下降程度和干燥速率都优于热风干燥和远红外干燥,但复水性较差;3种干燥方法对果皮色泽及总多酚、总黄酮和色素含量的影响各有差异.通过对干燥芒果果皮收缩率、复水性、色泽及总多酚、总黄酮和色素含量进行主成分分析,得出远红外干燥的主成分综合得分最高,此干燥方法更加适合用于干燥芒果果皮.     

茌梨套PE袋和无纺布袋对果点及贮藏失水的影响机理

观察茌梨套绿色聚乙烯(PE)薄膜袋和无纺布袋栽培的果实果点及果皮亚显微结构,并测定相关生理指标、基因表达量等,探究不同套袋处理对茌梨果点及果实贮藏失水的影响机理。结果表明:套绿色PE薄膜袋的果实,果面粗糙,果点大;而套无纺布袋的果实果面光洁,果点小。果实发育后期,套绿色PE薄膜袋的果实果皮中PbPAL2基因的表达量高于套无纺布袋果实,其贮藏期间质量损失率显著高于对照,果皮较薄,表面蜡质少且龟裂翘起;而套无纺布袋果实质量损失率较低,果皮厚且表面蜡质多,蜡质晶体形态多样。采前套袋通过调控PbPAL2的表达进而影响果点的木栓化,并改变了果皮角蜡层结构影响其贮藏失水。采前套无纺布袋有利于提高茌梨果实的外观品质,延缓其贮藏失水。     

Regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica) using MgSO4 spraying and low temperature

Pericarp pigmented grains of rice have been reported as anthocyanin enriched source of antioxidants. The aim of this investigation was to regulate anthocyanin accumulation in pericarp pigmented rice cv. ‘Hom Nil’ using 0, 10, 50, and 100 mM MgSO₄ foliar spray. The level of magnesium content in the leaf tissues treated with 100 mM MgSO₄ for 2 d increased 2.6 times over control (0 mM MgSO₄). After growing the treated plants under 16°C for 28 d, photosynthetic abilities were reduced by 17?93%, leading to retarded plant height (39?42% less than control). In addition, grain yield per panicle of the plants grown under 16°C for 28 d was reduced by 26?75% compared to the plants grown under 32°C.Total anthocyanin concentration, cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside in the pericarp of the grains derived from the rice treated with 100 mM MgSO₄ was increased 3.8 times over the control. Peonidin-3-glucoside, a dominant compound was reported for the first time. The study concludes that Mg?enrichment may play a key role as a metalloid in stabilizing anthocyanin, a secondary metabolite in the leaf sheath tissues and pericarp of grains in ‘Hom Nil’ rice cultivar.     

香蕉皮中总多烯类物质研究

[目的]研究香蕉皮中总多烯的提取及鉴别方法。[方法]采用浸提法从香蕉皮中提取多烯类物质,以两性霉素B为对照品,通过化学鉴别方法、薄层色谱法、红外光谱法、高效液相法对所提取的多烯类物质进行验证。[结果]乙醇浸提法是提取香蕉皮多烯类物质的合适方法,鉴别方法效果良好。[结论]所建立的方法简便、准确、可靠、重现性好,可为香蕉皮总多烯的提取及鉴别提供参考。     

龙眼果皮中挥发性化学成分初探

采用固相微萃取(SPME)技术和气相色谱与质谱联用法(GC-MS)对龙眼果皮中的挥发性化学成分进行分析、鉴定。结果表明,从龙眼果皮中共检测、鉴定出25种成分,占总挥发性化学成分的99.21%,主要成分是酯类、甾醇类、萜类烷烃和酮类化合物。其中,羟基洋地黄毒苷元含量最高,占47.59%;其次是苍耳酯,占22.92%。     

Chalcone synthase expression and pigments deposition in wheat with purple and blue colored caryopsis

Red and white caryopses are typical in common wheat. Genotypes with purple and blue caryopses are also described. This coloring is caused by anthocyanins which deposit in the pericarp (purple) or aleurone layer (blue). The anthocyanins biosynthetic pathway is well described. The key enzyme is chalcone synthase (CHS). It catalyzes the first step. We observed the deposition of anthocyanins in the pericarp and aleurone layer, the expression of a chalcone synthase gene and the amount of two anthocyanins - cyanidin-3-glycoside (pericarp of purple caryopses), and delphinidin-3-glycoside (aleurone layer of blue caryopses) during caryopsis development. Purple pigment deposition was not homogeneous and/or uniform. At first, small isolated spots of purple color were formed and thereafter they expanded. In blue caryopses, however, the coloring process was more homogeneous. The expression of chalcone synthase mRNA occurred five days before pigment deposition and finished earlier than expected. Amounts of cyanidin-3-glycoside and delphinidin-3-glycoside increased in a similar manner. Amounts of these fell at the end of caryopses development probably due to formation of more complex substances.