沙门菌感染对小鼠白细胞总数及其亚群动态变化的影响

为研究沙门菌感染对小鼠白细胞总数及其亚群动态变化的影响,采取腹腔注射的方法给小鼠接种6.5×10⁹ CFU/mL浓度的沙门菌0.1 mL/只,分别在4、6、8、12、16和24 h采集小鼠血液,应用全自动动物血液细胞分析仪检测感染小鼠的白细胞总数、淋巴细胞数、单核细胞数和粒细胞数,记录并分析小鼠24 h内白细胞总数及其亚群的动态变化。结果表明：模型组小鼠白细胞总数及其亚群均呈先升高后降低的趋势,且白细胞总数和粒细胞数的变化幅度最明显,与空白对照组比较差异极显著（P<0.01）。说明感染沙门菌能够刺激小鼠机体产生免疫应答,影响血液中白细胞总数及其亚群的动态变化。     

中药合剂对雏鸡免疫功能的影响

研究了中药合剂对雏鸡免疫功能及干扰素产生的影响。检测了试验组和对照组28,30,34,41,48,55日龄雏鸡血液T淋巴细胞对丝裂原ConA刺激的反应性;CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞亚群及CD4+/CD8+T淋巴细胞比值;ND抗体效价及胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊指数。结果表明,34~41日龄时中药合剂组雏鸡血液T淋巴细胞对丝裂原ConA刺激的反应性明显高于对照组(P<0.05);CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞亚群无明显变化,30~34日龄时能明显提高CD4+/CD8+淋巴细胞亚群比值(P<0.05);34~41日龄时试验组雏鸡HI抗体效价显著高于对照组(P<0.05);可使胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊指数增加,41日龄时法氏囊指数明显高于对照组(P<0.05);中药合剂对IFN具有明显的诱生作用(P<0.01),与NDV诱生组水平相当;同时可明显促进NDV对IFN的诱生(P<0.01)。结果显示中药合剂具有增强机体免疫功能及诱生IFN的能力,为该中药合剂抗NDV提供了理论依据。     

苜蓿多糖对猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗免疫效果的影响

用苜蓿多糖作为猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗的强化剂对60日龄体重18～20 kg的仔猪进行免疫试验研究.B淋巴细胞和抗体水平监测结果表明,苜蓿多糖可使猪外周血液的B淋巴细胞增多,血清抗体水平提高.攻毒试验表明,参试的2批猪,试验组潜伏期（34～72 h和36～68 h）,明显长于对照组（12～48 h和14～48 h）,发热温度试验组为（40.5～40.9℃和40.6～40.8℃）低于对照组（41.4～42.0℃和41.2～41.7℃）,高热期试验组为（30～96 h和46～98 h）低于对照组（72～148 h和72～146h）.说明苜蓿多糖对猪瘟疫苗免疫效果具有明显的强化作用.     

树舌发酵浸膏多糖对肉鸡肠黏膜组织结构及肠道免疫细胞的影响

为研究肉鸡日粮中添加树舌发酵浸膏多糖(Polysaccharides from the fermentation concentrate of Ganoderma applanatum(Pers.ex Gray.),GAP)对肉鸡肠黏膜结构及上皮内淋巴细胞和杯状细胞数量的影响,选用1日龄健康AA肉鸡225只,随机分成5个处理组,每组3次重复,每次重复15只。5个处理组分别为空白对照组(基础日粮)、抗生素阳性对照组(基础日粮+5mg/kg黄霉素)和3个GAP组(基础日粮中分别添加0.05%、0.10%和0.20%GAP),试验期42d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,日粮中添加0.10%和0.20%的GAP可显著增加肉鸡肠绒毛高度(P0.05),降低隐窝深度(P0.05),提高肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度的比值(V/C)(P0.05);2)与对照组相比,日粮中添加0.10%和0.20%GAP显著升高小肠各段的上皮内淋巴细胞和杯状细胞数量(P0.05);3)小肠各段上皮内淋巴细胞和杯状细胞数量随年龄增长而逐渐增多;4)同一日龄各试验组的上皮内淋巴细胞数量从十二指肠到回肠递减,而杯状细胞则呈递增趋势。以上结果提示:在肉鸡日粮中添加GAP可显著改善肉鸡小肠黏膜结构,维持肠道黏膜的正常屏障结构,促进肉鸡健康生长。其中以0.10%GAP添加量效果最好。     

番鸭神经肽S的基因克隆及其对番鸭脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响

分别采用基因克隆技术、细胞分离培养技术和四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法首次克隆了番鸭神经肽S(NPS)的基因,并探讨NPS对番鸭脾淋巴细胞体外增殖能力的影响.基因测序结果显示,所克隆的番鸭NPS c DNA序列为181 bp,与其他物种NPS的同源性极高,其中与鸡NPS的亲缘关系最近.MTT法研究结果显示:0.01-1000 nmol·L-1NPS可促进番鸭脾淋巴细胞体外的增殖,其中以10 nmol·L-1NPS的促进效果最优;10 nmol·L-1NPS协同脂多糖(LPS)及1 nmol·L-1NPS协同植物血凝素(PHA)对促进脾淋巴细胞增殖的效果最好.上述结果表明,番鸭NPS基因在进化上是高度保守的,NPS可协同LPS或PHA共同促进番鸭脾淋巴细胞的体外增殖.     

Ultrastructural morphology of lymphocytes of the Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx)

An ultrastructural study on the lymphocytes from peripheral blood samples from 20 healthy adult Arabian oryx (Oryx leucocoryx) was undertaken. Small lymphocytes ranged in size from 2–3.5 µm and exhibited the typical repertoire of organelles found in small lymphocytes of other animals but showed no evidence of azurophilic granules. Medium-sized lymphocytes were 5–6.5 µm in diameter and occasionally demonstrated azurophilic granules. Microvilli were a common finding of lymphocytes. Of particular interest was the presence of multivesicular bodies, which have previously only been described in human lymphocytes. Both small- and medium-sized lymphocytes of the Arabian oryx were smaller than those reported for other animals. Small lymphocytes exhibited short, thick microvilli, whereas medium-sized lymphocytes had long thin microvilli, a single nucleolus and occasionally azurophilic granules and multivesicular bodies.     

牛蛙外周血液淋巴细胞的分离及观察

对牛蛙外周血液细胞进行了分离,结果表明相对密度1.060～1.065的Percoll分离液能有效分离出淋巴细胞,其分离率可达(94.50±1.87)%.     

Growth performance,haematology and intestinal histo‐morphology of Nile tilapia fed on Indian Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) leaf powder at different concentrations

Indian lotus, Nelumbo nucifera (Gaertn.) is a valued medicinal plant that exhibits several pharmacological properties. The present work aimed to investigate the effect of Indian lotus as a feed supplement on the growth performance, haematological and biochemical indices, and intestinal histo‐morphology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.). The fish were randomly distributed into four groups and fed on a basal diet containing Indian lotus leaf powder at different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4%) for up to 60 days. The results elucidated that Indian lotus supplemented diets (0.2% and 0.4% followed by 0.1%) significantly improved weight gain, specific growth rate (%) and feed conversion ratio (p < .05). The feed intake was significantly increased in the fish fed on the Indian lotus supplemented diets in a dose‐dependent manner (p < .05). However, Indian lotus had no significant effect (p > .05) on survival rate, total erythrocytes (RBCs) count, haemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit value (PCV, %) except a significant reduction on Hb content of the fish fed on 0.2% Indian lotus and a significant increase in PCV (%) in the fish fed on 0.1% Indian lotus (p < .05). The total leucocytes (WBCs), neutrophils and lymphocytes counts displayed significant elevations in the fish fed on the Indian lotus diets especially at 0.2% and 0.4%, whereas significant reduction in neutrophils count in the fish fed on 0.1% Indian lotus (p < .05) was observed. The serum glucose was significantly decreased in the fish fed on Indian lotus (0.1% and 0.2%), whereas cholesterol and triglycerides were markedly increased in the fish fed on the Indian lotus supplemented diets (p < .05). Moreover, the intestinal villous heights and the numbers of goblet cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were significantly boosted in all parts of the intestine in all Indian lotus diet groups as compared with the control group. However, as an exception, villous heights in the middle part of the intestine in the fish fed on 0.1% and 0.4% diets (p < .05) were not affected. In the proximal part, the villous heights and the numbers of goblet cells were markedly increased in fish fed on 0.2% and 0.4% diets followed by 0.1% diet. The fish fed on 0.2% lotus supplemented diet followed by 0.1% and 0.4% supplemented diets exhibited significant elevations in villous heights in the distal part and the numbers of goblet cells in the middle part of the intestine. There were no significant differences between the fish fed on the supplemented diets in the numbers of goblet cells in the distal part and the numbers of IEL in the proximal and middle parts (p > .05). In the distal part, the numbers of IEL revealed a significant elevation in 0.4% lotus supplemented diet followed by 0.1% and 0.2% lotus supplemented diet groups (p < .05). Therefore, this study indicates the advantageous effect of the Indian lotus leaves as a natural feed additive for improving growth, intestinal structure and hence, health status of Nile tilapia.     

鸡包涵体肝炎过程中IFN-γ的mRNA原位杂交

FAV-Ⅷ型禽腺病毒口服接种感染2日龄SPF雏鸡,攻毒后取不同日龄的肝脏于福尔马林溶液中固定,并进行石蜡包埋,石蜡切片进行原位杂交染色.结果表明,着染部位主要出现在坏死灶或血管周围的成团或散在的淋巴细胞的胞浆内,在病情严重时的5 dpi开始增多,至20 dpi表达量也很高,以后开始减少,直到30 dpi基本消失.说明鸡包涵体肝炎过程中肝脏IFN-γ的mRNA大量上调,可能与T淋巴细胞的增多有关;而且IFN-γ作为免疫增强剂与抗病毒感染和病症恢复也有关.     

The Effects of Dexamethasone on the Response of Bronchus-associated Lymphoid Tissue to Intranasal Administration of Formalin-killed Pasteurella haemolytica A2 in Goats

A trial was conducted to observe the immediate and chronic effects in goats of dexamethasone administration on the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) response to intranasal administration of formalin-killed Pasteurella haemolytica A2. Twenty-four goats were divided into four groups. Those in group 1 were injected intramuscularly with 1 mg/kg dexamethasone on three consecutive days, followed by intranasal exposure to formalin-killed P. haemolytica A2 one day after the last dexamethasone treatment. The goats in group 2 were similarly injected with dexamethasone followed by intranasal exposure to formalin-killed P. haemolytica A2 21 days after the last dexamethasone treatment. The animals in group 3 were exposed intranasally to formalin-killed P. haemolytica A2 without prior dexamethasone treatment. The animals in group 4 were untreated controls. The intranasal exposures to formalin-killed P. haemolytica A2 were repeated 2 weeks later. Intranasal exposure to formalin-killed P. haemolytica 1 day after dexamethasone treatment further reduced the number and size of BALT compared to the untreated control. Significantly (p<0.01) more reduction of BALT occurred in goats exposed to formalin-killed P. haemolytica A2 21 days after dexamethasone treatment. On the other hand, intranasal exposure of goats without prior dexamethasone treatment stimulated the BALT compared to the untreated controls.