施磷量对烤烟体内氮磷钾含量、积累和分配的影响

研究了褐土区不同施磷量对烤烟体内氮、磷、钾含量、积累和分配的影响。结果表明 ,在烤烟生长发育过程中 ,增施磷肥增加了根、茎、叶中磷、钾的含量 ,降低了根和叶中氮的含量 ;同时 ,增施磷肥还增加了根、茎、叶中氮、磷、钾的积累量 ;各生育时期不同处理根、茎、叶中氮、磷、钾含量和积累量的变化规律一致。另外 ,增施磷肥不影响氮、磷、钾在根、茎、叶中的绝对分布量 ,但随磷肥用量增加 ,根中磷的相对分布量增大     

饲粮中不同钙、磷比例对肉用仔鸡骨骼的影响

将肉用仔鸡分为１０组，第１～５组饲粮中含钙１％，含有效磷胡应为０．１％，０．３％，０．５％，０．７％，０．９％；第６～１０组含有效磷０．５％，０～２８日龄，含钙量相应为０．４％，０．７％，１％，１．３％，１．６％，３５～４２日龄时，含钙量相应为０．４％，０．７％，１．９％，１．３％，１．６％。结果表明：磷含量最低的第１组增重、胫骨灰分、胫骨总钙与总磷显著低于其余组，而料肉比、腿病发生率及死亡率比其余组高；钙与有效磷比例接近１的组，腿病发生率仅次于严重缺磷组。     

小麦肥料效应试验

试验结果表明，随着施肥量的增加和氮磷肥配比的合理，邯4564小麦的单株成穗率、干物质积累量、有效穗数、千粒重随之增加。各处理产量与对照相比，均存在显差异，其中N225 P180处理产量最高，N225P180为最佳施肥处理。     

棉花滴灌随水施滴灌专用肥中磷素的移动和利用率的32P研究

应用同位素32P标记肥料和放射性同位素自显影技术,在网室利用平面根槽和盆栽试验通过滴灌随水施肥的方法,研究了滴灌专用肥(新疆农垦科学院专利产品)和磷酸二铵(美国进口)2种肥料中的磷在土壤中的移动和棉株对磷肥的利用率.试验结果表明:①棉株对滴灌专用肥中磷的利用率为21.05%,磷酸二铵为16.88%.滴灌专用肥比磷酸二铵的利用率高出4.62%.②放射性自显影表明磷酸二铵中的磷在土壤中的最大垂直移动距离为6.2 cm,扩散面积为清水对照的1.85倍;滴灌专用肥中的磷在土壤中的最大垂直移动距离为7.5 cm,扩散面积为清水对照的2.21倍.肥料随水滴施,提高了磷素在土壤中的运移能力.     

Effect of different drip irrigation methods and fertilization on growth,physiology and water use of young apple tree

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of three drip irrigation methods (i.e. conventional drip irrigation (CDI), both sides of the root-zone irrigated with full watering, alternate drip irrigation (ADI), both sides of the root-zone irrigated alternatively with half of the full watering, and fixed drip irrigation (FDI), only one side of the root-zone irrigated with half of the full watering) on growth, physiology, root hydraulic conductance and water use of young apple tree under different nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) fertilization (i.e. CK (no fertilization), N₁ (0.2 g N/kg), N₂ (0.4 g N/kg), P₁ (0.2 g P₂O₅/kg) and P₂ (0.4 g P₂O₅/kg)). Results show that compared to CDI, ADI and FDI reduced mean root dry mass, daily transpiration, root hydraulic conductance (K_r), leaf photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of young apple tree by 6.9 and 27.7, 29.3 and 45.0, 6.8 and 37.9, 2.5 and 4.8, 32.6 and 33.0, 22.1 and 22.3%, but increased leaf water use efficiency (WUE) by 31.3 and 29.8%, respectively when they saved irrigation water by 50%. Compared to the CK, N or P fertilization significantly increased K_r, and K_r was increased with the increased N or P fertilization level. There were parabolic correlations between K_r and root dry mass, daily transpiration and stomatal conductance. Our results indicate that ADI reduced transpiration rate significantly, but it did not reduce photosynthesis rate and K_r significantly, thus alternate drip irrigation improved WUE and the regulation ability of water balance in plants.     

玉米苗期磷效率相关根系分泌物的QTL定位

为了充分利用现有的遗传信息和基因资源,揭示玉米磷营养高效的分子机制,本研究以磷高效玉米自交系082和磷低效玉米自交系掖107为亲本组配的F2世代为作图群体,采用SSR和AFLP分子标记构建了遗传连锁图,以两个时期,两个磷水平和两个地点共4种环境下的241个F2∶3家系各性状的平均值作为表型值,采用复合区间作图法定位了磷效率相关的3种根系分泌物的QTL。四种环境下检测表明,(1)检测到4个影响酸性磷酸酶活性的QTL,其中有两个QTL AP1-KXNP和AP9-KXNP被重复检测到,分别分布在第1和9二条染色体上,所在标记区间分别为bnlg1268a-umc1290a和P1M3/d-P1M3/g,在染色体上的位点分别为bin1.09和bin9.04,单个QTL解释酸性磷酸酶变异的9%～16%,2个QTL共解释酸性磷酸酶变异的25%;(2)检测到5个影响有机酸含量的QTL,其中只有1个在两种环境下被重复检测到,位于第9染色体上,标记区间为P1M3/f-P1M7/g,在染色体上的位点为bin9.03;(3)检测到5个影响H+含量的QTL,但没有一个被重复检测到。结果表明,影响酸性磷酸酶活性的两个QTL AP1-KXN...     

香蕉不同器官中NPK含量及其积累规律

为探讨香蕉体内氮磷钾的含量及分布特点,采用整株肢解法,研究了香蕉不同生育期根、球茎、假茎、叶及果、果轴的氮、磷和钾含量.结果表明,不同生育时期,香蕉根系、假茎、球茎、叶、果实和果轴6个器官中的氮磷钾含量与分布不同.在香蕉抽蕾前,氮分布为叶＞球茎＞假茎＞根系,磷为假茎＞叶＞球茎＞根系,钾为假茎＞根系＞叶＞球茎;抽蕾后,氮...     

Measuring rates of gross and net mineralisation of organic phosphorus in soils

The isotopic dilution method developed by Oehl et al. [2001b. Organic phosphorus mineralisation studies using isotopic dilution techniques. Soil Science Society of America Journal 65, 780-787] to measure gross mineralisation of soil organic phosphorus (P) was tested on a range of low-P sorbing soils. This isotopic dilution method relies on accurate prediction of radiolabel behaviour due to soil physicochemical processes. Based on experimental validation of the extrapolation for isotopic dilution due to physicochemical processes using autoclaved soils, a simple power function was used for extrapolation rather than the more complex equation used in the original method. For several soils, however, a potential overestimation of gross mineralisation by 0.1-2.0 mg P kg⁻¹ d⁻¹ was revealed. In addition, the detection limit of P mineralisation ranged between 0.6 and 2.6 mg P kg⁻¹ d⁻¹. The method is likely to be at the detection limit for soils that are high in available P and low in biological activity. The method was modified with respect to the extrapolation and successfully applied to a soil with relatively high microbial P (18 mg P kg⁻¹) and soil respiration rates (29 mg C kg⁻¹ d⁻¹), revealing gross mineralisation rates of organic P of 0.9-1.2 mg P kg⁻¹ d⁻¹. Measurement of uptake of ³²P by the microbial biomass allowed derivation of a net organic P mineralisation rate of 0.5-0.9 mg P kg⁻¹ d⁻¹.     

土壤磷酸盐氧同位素分析方法和应用研究进展

在一定温度下磷酸盐和周边水体氧的同位素分馏仅受生物活动控制,因此磷酸盐氧同位素成为生态系统中磷源和磷循环研究的良好示踪剂。介绍了磷酸盐氧同位素研究应用的理论基础和近几年来针对土壤富含有机质,氧元素来源多样的特点发展起来的土壤磷酸盐氧同位素的分析和纯化方法,综述了磷酸盐氧同位素在土壤磷源示踪和磷循环应用研究中的初步进展,并提出目前研究存在的局限和对未来工作的展望。     

磷肥在潮褐土中动态转化及其影响因素的研究

利用培养及微区试验研究P肥施用潮褐土后的动态转化及其影响因素表明,施肥初期土壤中除难溶性Ca10-P外,各无机P组分均有不同程度地提高,随着时间的延续各组分间的相互转化呈一定规律。种植作物直接影响P肥动态转化的方向。