Protective efficacy of vaccination with NcMIC3 and NcMIC8 against Neospora caninum infection in mice

Microneme proteins (MICs) are important for Apicomplexan parasite invasion due to their adhesion to host cells. Several studies have indicated that Neospora caninum MIC3 and MIC8 are important adhesion factors and potential vaccine candidates against neosporosis. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of recombinant proteins and DNA vaccines of NcMIC3 and NcMIC8. BALB/c mice were immunized with rNcMIC3, rNcMIC8, pcDNA3.1-NcMIC3 and pcDNA3.1-NcMIC8 respectively, and challenged with N. caninum tachyzoites. The immune responses were evaluated through cytokine, antibody measurements and the parasite burden in the mice brain tissues. Serological analysis showed that recombinant protein vaccines induced higher levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) than other groups. The percentage of IgG1 and IgG2a in the recombinant protein groups was higher than the other groups, and with a predominance of IgG1 over IgG2a, suggesting that recombinant protein vaccines elicited a Th2-type immune response, while DNA vaccines mainly produce a Th1-type immune response. In addition, mice immunized with rNcMIC3 and rNcMIC8 a had lower parasite burden in brain tissue compared with the other groups. These results demonstrate that rNcMIC3 and rNcMIC8 could induce humoral and Th2-type immune response, leading to a considerable level of resistance against neosporosis.     

基于SEBAL模型和Landsat-8遥感数据的农田蒸散发估算

【目的】及时准确地获取农田蒸散发量,为科学管理农田灌溉、精准估算作物产量和预报土壤水分动态、合理开发水资源等提供有效依据。【方法】以广利灌区为研究对象,基于SEBAL模型利用Landsat-8数据对研究区域农田蒸散发进行估算,通过地表参数计算净辐射通量、土壤热通量和感热通量,利用余项法求得潜热通量及瞬时蒸散发。假定24 h内蒸散比不变,由瞬时蒸散发扩展到日蒸散发量,最终求得研究区的日平均蒸散发量,将模型计算结果与彭曼公式进行了对比,同时结合灌区提供数据对计算结果进行了验证。【结果】彭曼公式计算2014年5月6日和2015年9月14日蒸散量与实测结果相差分别为5.2%和9.4%,SEBAL模型估算得到2014年5月6日和2015年9月14日的日蒸散量与灌区提供日蒸散量相差4.5%、6.0%,且冬小麦及夏玉米蒸散发在空间上存在一定的差异性,主要集中在灌区中部区域及西南区域。【结论】SEBAL模型计算结果具有较高的精度,而且方法相对快捷高效。     

转录组解析白三叶根际溶磷菌株RW8的解磷机制

采用转录组测序的方法分析了白三叶根际溶磷菌RW8在含有难溶磷(A组)、可溶磷(B组)与无磷(C组)培养条件下差异基因表达。以可溶磷为对照,在难溶磷条件下,分别检测到4782个基因在RW8中上调表达,447个基因下调表达;在无磷组中,共检测到3630个基因上调表达,209个基因下调表达。GO基因注释发现RW8在A组和C组中的差异基因聚类基本相同。生物学过程主要聚类在代谢过程、细胞过程、单细胞过程、刺激应答、定位以及生物反应调节;细胞组分主要聚类在细胞组分、细胞膜、膜组分与高分子配合体等;分子功能主要聚类在催化活性、结合功能与转运功能。代谢途径分析发现2-α-氧代羧、α-亚麻酸、五碳二元酸、脂肪酸、甘氨酸-丝氨酸-蛋氨酸以及缬氨酸-亮氨酸-异亮氨酸等代谢途径的基因显著被富集。挑选10个差异基因并用荧光定量检测其在A、B、C 3种不同培养条件下的基因表达,发现所有挑选基因的表达变化与转录组结果变化趋势相同。液相色谱检测有机酸组成及含量,发现在A组和C组中乳酸、琥珀酸与柠檬酸显著高于B组,富马酸与苹果酸的含量在C组中显著升高, A组与B组差异不显著;α-酮戊二酸的含量在A组中显著增高, B组和C组差异不显著。     

苜蓿皂苷对大鼠肝脏及肝脏细胞低密度脂蛋白受体、三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体mRNA表达的影响

本试验旨在研究苜蓿皂苷对大鼠肝脏及大鼠肝脏细胞(BRL细胞)胆固醇清除和转运途径中关键基因低密度脂蛋白受体(LDLR)、三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体G5(ABCG5)、三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体G8(ABCG8)mRNA表达量的影响,从个体和细胞水平初步探讨苜蓿皂苷调控胆固醇清除和转运的分子机制。采用高脂饲粮建立大鼠高脂模型,测定苜蓿皂苷对正常、高脂大鼠血清指标[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量]和肝脏LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA表达量的影响;采用高糖DMEM培养液建立BRL细胞脂变模型,测定苜蓿皂苷浓度对BRL细胞活性的影响,测定苜蓿皂苷对正常、脂变细胞LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA表达量的影响。结果表明:1)苜蓿皂苷显著降低高脂大鼠血清中TG、TC和LDL-C的含量(P0.05);2)苜蓿皂苷显著上调正常大鼠肝脏LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8及高脂大鼠ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA表达量(P0.05);3)添加200、250μg/m L苜蓿皂苷显著提高了BRL细胞的活性(P0.05);4)苜蓿皂苷显著上调正常BRL细胞LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA表达量(P0.05),而对脂变BRL细胞各基因mRNA表达量无显著影响(P0.05)。结果提示,苜蓿皂苷可通过调控LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA的表达来增加肝细胞内胆固醇的清除和转运,从而降低机体胆固醇的含量。     

基于多时相OLI数据的宁夏大尺度水稻面积遥感估算

为客观获取宁夏水稻面积空间分布信息,也为区域农作物遥感监测奠定技术基础,该文以宁夏回族自治区为研究区域,选择美国LandSat-8携带的陆地成像仪(operational land imager,OLI)数据,采用2016年3月11日-7月01日间的15景影像,基于水稻田耕地与水体特征反射率随着季节变化规律的分析,采用归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)、近红外波段反射率(infrared reflectance,IR)、短波指数(short waved index,SWI)3个指数,以及多时相NDVI最大值、IR最小值、SWI最小值3个衍生指数,共6个指数为基础进行决策分类树构建,对全区水稻进行识别与提取,采用该区水稻面积本底遥感调查结果进行精度验证,水稻种植面积提取误差仅.4.22%,Kappa系数为0.83,水稻空间分布的用户分类精度分别为85.11%,制图精度为81.67%;同时与监督分类方法提取的水稻面积进行对比,该文方法提取水稻的用户精度提高了8.13个百分点,制图精度更是提高了20.01个百分点。研究结果表明,利用中高分辨率的OLI遥感时间序列卫星影像,在大宗农作物时间序列的变化规律分析基础上,构建分类决策树,可以准确地提取大宗农作物种植面积,是区域农作物面积遥感监测业务运行中具有潜力的方法。     

绿色植物生长调节剂GGR6号和GGR8号对冬小麦生长发育及产量的影响

[目的]筛选适宜冬小麦的生长调节剂,探讨其适宜的浓度和施用方法。[方法]以邯生329为试验材料,分别采用不同浓度的新型绿色植物生长调节剂GGR6号和GGR8号对河北地区冬小麦进行试验,分析其对冬小麦生长发育及产量的影响。[结果]2种生长调节剂均能促进根茎的发育、干物质的积累、产量性状的改善及产量的增加,尤其以GGR8号20 mg/kg拌种+拔节期20 mg/kg喷施对冬小麦促进效果最好。[结论]该研究可为冬小麦生产中应用植物生长调节剂提供参考。     

Tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile of a novel benzene‐poly‐carboxylic acids complex with cis‐diammineplatinum (II) dichloride in dogs with malignant mammary tumours

The pharmacokinetic profile, tolerability and efficacy of benzene‐poly‐carboxylic acids complex with cis‐diammineplatinum (II) dichloride (BP‐C1) were studied in dogs with mammary cancer. A three‐level response surface pathway designed trial was performed on seven dogs. At each level BP‐C1 was administered subcutaneously daily for 7 days followed by a 7‐day rest period in a dose escalating manner. Adverse events according to VCOG‐CTCAE, performance status and tumour progression were recorded. The pharmacokinetic profile followed a two‐compartment model with rapid absorption, short distribution, and a slow elimination phase. The overall elimination half‐life was 125 h. The maximum tolerated dose of BP‐C1 was estimated to be above 0.46 mg kg^?1. A significant reduction in VCOG‐CTCAE toxicity which correlated negatively with increasing dose was found. The dogs' general performance status remained unchanged. No decrease in total tumour burden was found, although temporary tumour reduction was seen in some target tumours.     

玉米胚原油挤压膨化工艺的优化

螺杆是挤压机的重要组成部分。以挤压机螺杆构型参数阻流环直径、轴头间隙长度、螺杆转速、螺纹升角为试验因素,以浸提玉米胚原油的碘值为考察指标,研究挤压参数对碘值的影响。通过四因素五水平二次正交旋转组合法设计试验,利用SAS9.1软件对试验数据进行响应面分析,得到最佳挤压膨化工艺参数为阻流环直径92 mm、轴头间隙长度16 mm、螺纹升角为7°06′、螺杆转速为180 r/min,在最优参数下碘值为78.56 g/100 g。     

不同硼肥对草莓生长发育·产量和品质的影响

[目的]探讨不同硼肥对草莓生长发育、产量和品质的影响。[方法]以草莓品种红颜为试材,从现蕾期开始分别对草莓喷施清水、硼砂、八硼酸钠4次,于初花期和果实成熟期测定草莓株高、茎粗、叶面积、叶柄长度等生长指标,于采收期测定草莓单果重等产量指标,于果实成熟期测定VC、含糖量、有机酸等品质指标。[结果]施用八硼酸钠促进了草莓植株生长,株高和叶面积较对照显著增加,根冠比与对照间差异不显著。喷施硼肥后,草莓单果重和产量均显著增加,其中,喷施八硼酸钠和硼砂处理单果重分别较对照增加20.14%和4.86%,产量分别较对照提高17.28%和4.02%,同时改善了草莓品质,VC、可溶性固形物和糖酸比均较对照和硼砂处理显著增加。喷施硼肥后草莓叶片硼素含量升高,硼素含量由高到低依次为八硼酸钠处理、硼砂处理、对照。[结论]喷施八硼酸钠在一定程度上可促进草莓植株生长,显著提高草莓产量,同时改善草莓品质。     

A remote sensing-based agricultural drought indicator and its implementation over a semi-arid region,Jordan

The objective of the study was to develop a remote sensing(i.e., Landsat-8 and MODIS)-based agricultural drought indicator(ADI) at 30-m spatial resolution and 8-day temporal resolution and also to evaluate its performance over a heterogeneous agriculture dominant semi-arid region in Jordan. Firstly, we used principal component analysis(PCA) to evaluate the correlations among six commonly used remote sensing-derived agricultural drought related variables. The variables included normalized difference water index(NDWI), normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI), visible and shortwave drought index(VSDI), normalized multiband drought index(NMDI), moisture stress index(MSI), and land surface temperature(LST). Secondly, we integrated the relatively less correlated variables(that were found to be NDWI, VSDI, and LST) to generate four agricultural drought categories/conditions(i.e., wet, mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought). Finally, we evaluated the ADI maps against a set of 8-day ground-based standardized precipitation index values(i.e., SPI-1, SPI-2, …, SPI-8) by use of confusion matrices and observed the best results for SPI-4(i.e., overall accuracy and Kappa-values were 83% and 76%, respectively) and SPI-5(i.e., overall accuracy and Kappa-values were 85% and 78%, respectively). The results demonstrated that the method would be valuable for monitoring agricultural drought conditions in semi-arid regions at both a reasonably high spatial resolution(i.e., 30-m) and a short time period(i.e., 8-day).