驴急性放射病的病理学研究

对3组6匹(每组2匹)驴,分别给予300、200和100拉德~(60)Co—γ线单侧一次全身照射,均发生以造血组织损伤为主的急性放射病。病变主要特点是造血组织、淋巴组织和肠粘膜组织呈现萎缩与坏死,小血管扩张、充血出血,中、小动脉壁血浆浸润,胃肠道粘膜层内的微菌落和肺的乏粒细胞性炎。照射剂量与临床、病理损伤度三者呈平行关系。     

用碳纤维网修补兔、绵羊和驴腹肌缺损的研究

实验用兔10只、绵羊2只、驴3头,分别切除一定面积的腹肌,然后用碳纤维网修补。结果:7只兔和2只绵羊的创口均取第一期愈合,碳纤维网被组织包埋且结合紧密,其间有一薄层炎性反应区;驴的皮肤创口手术后8d愈合,碳纤维网未被包埋,于8～13d经排液孔拉出,30～31d内部组织愈合。实验表明,碳纤维网在兔和绵羊体内1个月不发生变化,组织相容性较好,可作为腹肌缺损的修补材料。在驴只能作为组织修复的支持物。     

驴胎皮肤继代细胞核型的初步分析与鉴定

对18代驴胎皮肤继代细胞染色体作了初步分析与鉴定。精确计数分析结果为二倍体61％,多倍体3.7％,亚二倍体15％,超二倍体6％,断裂1％;核型分析为62/XY型。     

青海高原10种草食家畜血红蛋白的比较电泳

采用醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳法对青海高原10种草食家畜的血红蛋白(Hb)进行了比较研究。结果表明:(1)牛有三种Hb成分(A、B和C),构成HbA,AB,AC,B和BC五种表型;(2)牦牛有Hb F和S两种成分,构成单一的Hb FS型;(3)双峰驼有三种Hb成分(A,B_1和B_2),构成Hb A-B_1和A-B_1B_2两种表型;(4)梅花鹿和马鹿呈单一的Hb A型;(5)白唇鹿有Hb F和S两种成分,构成单一的Hb PS型;(6)马有Hb A_1和A_2两种成分,构成Hb A_1,Hb A_1~+A_2~-,Hb A_1A_2和Hb A_1~-A_2~+四种表型;(7)驴呈单一的Hb A_2型;(8)绵羊有三种Hb成分(A,B和C),构成Hb A,AB,B和AC四种表型;(9)山羊呈单一的Hb A型;(10)牛Hb B和马Hb A_1成分的相对电泳迁移率最大,双峰驼Hb B_2成分的迁移率最小。     

肠阻塞驴不同舌色的血液动力流变学特征研究

应用无创伤性血液动力流变学技术对35匹健康成年驴和89匹肠阻塞驴的舌色进行了研究,同时探讨了血液动力流变学与家畜舌色之间的相关性。结果表明,随着舌色由正常→淡红→红舌→暗红的变化,心率PR、微循环半更新时间MRT、微循环平均滞流时闻MST和血液粘度η、总外周阻力TPR均逐渐升高,而每搏心输出量SV、心搏指数 SI、左心搏功指数LVWI、每分心输出量CO、左心有效泵力VPE、心脏指数CI、脉压差PP、血管弹性指数FEK、微循环半更薪率MHR逐渐下降。说明家畜的舌色与血液动力流变学之间存在着密切关系。     

Laparoscopic sterilization of Sardinia donkeys using an endoscopic stapler

OBJECTIVE: To describe a laparoscopic technique for sterilization of the male donkey using an endoscopic linear stapler (ELS). STUDY DESIGN: Clinical report. ANIMALS: Male Sardinia donkeys (n=6), aged 24-36 months. METHODS: Laparoscopic sterilization was performed under standing sedation or recumbent under general anesthesia. An endoscopic linear stapler was used to transect, and control hemorrhage of, the spermatic cord. Serum testosterone concentrations were measured preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months after sterilization. One testis from each of 2 donkeys was collected at 12 months for histologic examination. RESULTS: Sterilization was successfully achieved. The only minor intraoperative complication experienced was hemorrhage from 1 spermatic cord stump, which was re-stapled. No other major short- or long-term complications occurred. Serum testosterone concentrations were < 15 ng/dL at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery in all donkeys. Testicular atrophy without evidence of revascularization was observed in the 2 testes examined histologically. CONCLUSIONS: Sterilization of descended testes by intraabdominal laparoscopic transection of the spermatic cord is a simple practical method, with minimal intraoperative or postoperative complications. Testicular revascularization did not occur. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Laparoscopic sterilization in donkey can be performed using an endoscopic linear stapler as an alternative to scrotal castration.     

Cardiopulmonary effects during anaesthesia induced and maintained with propofol in acepromazine pre‐medicated donkeys

ObjectiveTo evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of anaesthesia induced and maintained with propofol in acepromazine pre-medicated donkeys.Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsSix healthy male donkeys weighing 78–144 kg.MethodsDonkeys were pre-medicated with intravenous (IV) acepromazine (0.04 mg kg⁻¹). Ten minutes later, anaesthesia was induced with IV propofol (2 mg kg⁻¹) and anaesthesia maintained by continuous IV infusion of the propofol (0.2 mg kg⁻¹ minute⁻¹) for 30 minutes. Baseline measurements of physiological parameters, and arterial blood samples were taken before the acepromazine administration, then 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after the induction of anaesthesia. Changes from baseline were analysed by anova for repeated measures.ResultsWhen compared with baseline (standing) values, during anaesthesia heart rate increased throughout: significant at 5 (p = 0.001) and 15 (p = 0.015) minutes. Mean arterial blood pressure increased significantly only at 15 minutes (p < 0.001). Respiratory rate and arterial pH did not change significantly. PaO₂ was lower throughout anaethesia, but this only reached significance at 15 minutes (p = 0.041). PaCO₂ was statistically (but not clinically) significantly reduced at the times of 30 (p = 0.02), 45 (p = 0.01) and 60 (p = 0.04). Rectal temperature decreased significantly at all times of the study.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAdministration of propofol by the continuous infusion rate for the maintenance of anaesthesia resulted in stable cardiopulmonary effects and could prove to be clinically useful in donkeys.     

Optimization of recovery and maturation methods for cumulus-oocyte complexes in jennies

Embryo production in donkeys is inefficient compared with that in other livestock. Obtaining a sufficient number of MII oocytes is the first step to solving this problem. In this study, the number, morphology and maturation rates of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) obtained from abattoir-derived ovaries or live jennies were compared. The diameter of follicles from abattoir-derived ovaries was measured and divided into group 1 (2–6 mm), group 2 (6–10 mm), group 3 (10–20 mm), group 4 (20–28 mm) and group 5 (>28 mm). The results showed that the number of follicles per ovary in group 2 (3.6 ± 0.28) and 3 (4.2 ± 0.90) was higher than that in the other groups (p < .05). The recovery rate in group 3 was higher than group 1 (48.8% vs. 26.8%, p = .00), but lower than group 5 (48.8% vs. 76.5%, p = .025). The percentage of grade A COCs in group 3 was higher than group 2 (59.3% vs. 39.5%, p = .00) and group 1 (59.3% vs. 26.7%, p = .00). Moreover, the percentage of grade A COCs in group 4 (55.0%, p = .710) and group 5 (46.2%, p = .351) was reduced compared with that in group 3. From the above results, the developing follicles (group ovum pick-up [OPU], 10–20 mm) and preovulation follicles (group OPU-Preov, >35 mm) were aspirated from live jennies using OPU. Although there was no difference in the recovery rates of COCs between group 3 and OPU (48.8% vs. 43.0%, p = .184), the percentage of grades A COCs in group OPU was higher than group 3 (72.5% vs. 59.3%, p = .036). There was no difference in the maturation rate between group 3 and OPU (60.3% vs. 69.3%, p = .171) after the COCs matured in vitro. The rates of recovery (72.2%) and maturation (92.3%) in group OPU-Preov were higher than those in other groups (p < .05). Moreover, the effects of maturation time and serum type on maturation rates were evaluated in groups B44 (44 h, FBS), B36 (36 h, FBS) and D44 (44 h, foetal donkey serum, FDS). These results indicated that the maturation rate in group B36 was lower than group B44 (13.1% vs. 47.0%, p = .00) and group D44 (13.1% vs. 53.3%, p = .00). In conclusion, the quality of donkey COCs from OPU was higher than that from abattoir-derived ovaries, the suitable time of donkey in vitro maturation (IVM) was 44 h, and FBS could be replaced with FDS in donkey IVM medium.     

A review of the general pharmacology of ketamine and its clinical use for injectable anaesthesia in horses

Ketamine is the most commonly used injectable anaesthetic in horses. Combinations of ketamine have been used to produce short durations of anaesthesia or as total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) for longer diagnostic or surgical procedures. In recent years, ketamine has been used for pain management due to its effectiveness in producing analgesia at subanaesthetic doses. This paper provides a review of the pharmacological effects of ketamine in general and its clinical use for injectable anaesthesia and pain management in horses.