论产业结构优化与城市土地资源集约利用

叙述了我国产业结构与城市土地资源存在的问题,阐述了产业结构优化与城市土地资源集约利用的重要性,分析了产业结构优化与城市土地资源集约利用二者之间的内在联系,最后提出了优化产业结构的建议。     

冀西北坝上旱滩地春油菜高产栽培措施及优化方案的研究

采用四元二次回归正交旋转组合设计,对影响冀西北坝上半干旱区旱滩地春油菜产量形成的密度、磷肥、氮肥、追氮比例四项关键农艺措施进行了定量化的综合研究,建立了高产栽培的数学模型,分析了单因素和二因素产量效应。四项农艺措施对产量作用的大小依次是:氮肥>密度>磷肥>追氮比例。优化农艺措施组合是:每公顷密度24.3～30.1万株,P_2O_5 53～80kg,N 107.8～120.9kg,追N比为总量的73％～93％。     

杯伞(Clitocybe sp.)培养条件Box-Behnken法优化研究

在Plackett-Burman试验设计结果基础上,采用Box-Behnken响应曲面法(responsesurfacemethodology,RSM)对影响杯伞(Clitocybesp.)AS5.112发酵胞外多糖与生长的关键培养条件(培养温度、时间和装液量)进行了探讨。结果表明,在培养温度为24.3～25.8℃、时间为9.7～10.2d和装液量为76.0～90.0ml条件下,每毫升发酵醪可获得>1253.00μg胞外多糖;而在培养温度为23.8～24.8℃、时间为9.6～10.3d、装液量为71.0～98.0ml范围内,每毫升发酵醪可获得8.32mg菌丝生长量。通过对胞外多糖曲面方程和菌丝干重二次多项回归方程解逆矩阵得知,在培养温度、时间和装液量分别为25.0℃、9.9d和83.4ml时,杯伞AS5.112胞外多糖的最大预测值为1265.45μg·ml-1发酵醪,在上述自变量分别为24.4℃、9.9d和87.1ml时,菌丝浓度可达8.50mg·ml-1发酵醪;在24.5℃、9.9d和84.7ml的条件下,每毫升发酵醪可同时获得1261.60μg胞外多糖和8.47mg菌丝量。验证试验证实了该方程的预测值与实际值之间具有较好的拟合度。     

Optimization of Media for Production of an Effective Yeast Biocontrol Agent Pichia membranefaciens

The growth of Pichia membranefaciens was studied using different nitrogen and carbonsources as substrates. Among nitrogen sources tested, soya peptone, yeast extract power,beef extract and polypeptone were relatively favorable to the growth of yeast. Thedensity of the yeast showed to be directly proportional to carbon sources supplementation.Glucose and fructose were good carbon sources for the yeast growth. However, lactoseshowed poor performance for the cell growth of the yeast. In this study, beef extractpresented a good synergic effect on the yeast growth with different carbonhydrates. Themedium for P.membranefaciens used glucose and beef extract as substrates. The higherconcentration of glucose and beef extract, the better growth of P.membranefaciens. Theaddition of chlorella growth factor (CGF) stimulated markedly the growth of P.membranefaci-ens. The increased concentration of CGF from 0.5 to 1% did not enhance the numbers ofP.membranefaciens. This result will help design a better strategy for scale-up produc-tion of P.membranefaciens.     

Pleurotus nebrodensis子实体多糖提取工艺的研究

对Pleurotus nebrodensis子实体多糖酶法提取工艺条件中酶用量、酶解温度、酶解时间、pH值4因子的最优化组合问题进行了研究,建立了具有良好预测性能的Pleurotus nebrodensis子实体多糖提取条件模型,并对工艺条件的最优组合及双因素效应进行分析。结果表明,当酶用量为3.06%、酶解温度44.9℃、酶解时间3.8 h、pH值6.7时,多糖得率最高可达12.37%。     

遗传算法与模拟退火算法在神经网络优化中的性能分析

神经网络有以任意精度逼近未知函数的能力，所以被广泛应用于各种领域中。目前广泛应用于神经网络优化的方法是反向传播（BackPropagation，BP），但是BP的全局搜索能力很有限，而全局搜索方法是神经网络优化问题很有潜力的办法。文中研究了两种全局优化算法：遗传算法（GeneticAlgorithm，GA）和模拟退炎（Simu-lated Annealing，SA），并且比较了它们在神经网络优化中的性能。     

Optimization of Cultivation Conditions for Exopolysaccharide and Mycelial Biomass by Clitocybe sp.Using Box-Behnken Design

Response surface(RSM)methodology based on a three-level three-factor Box-Behnken design of experiment was used to optimize the exopolysaccharide content(EPC)and the mycelium biomass in submerged cultivation by Clitocybe sp. AS 5.112. The critical factors selected for the investigation were cultivation temperature,time and volume of medium,based on the results of previous Plackett-Burman design. By analyzing the response surface plots,the optimum ranges of cultivation temperature,time and medium volume for obtaining over 1 253.00μgmL-1 of EPC lie in 24.3-25.8℃,9.7- 10.2d and 76.0-90.0 mL,respectively. While for obtaining over 8.32 mg mL-1 of dry cell weight(DCW),the above variables would be in the range of 23.8- 24.8℃,9.6- 10.3 d and 71.0 - 98.0mL,respectively. By solving the inverse matrix from the quadratic regression equations,the optimal conditions to gain 1 265.45μgmL-1 of EPC were 25.0℃,9.9d and 83.4mL,to gain8.50mg mL-1 of DCW were 24.4℃,9.9d and 87.1mL. In order to obtain the maximum yield of EPC and DCW at the same time,the above conditions would be 24.5℃,9.9d and 84.7mL,respectively,in this situation,the maximum predicted EPC and DCW were 1 261.60μgmL-1and 8.47 mg mL-1,respectively.. The experimental data under various conditions have validated the theoretical values.     

水稻免耕栽培的优化效应与调控技术

水稻免耕栽培主要包括水稻免耕抛秧、免耕直播和免耕插秧等技术。试验示范结果表明:该项技术能提高水稻产量0.9%~5.1%,节省工本,提高纯收入达19.2%~37.0%,并省水节电,增加土壤表层孔隙度,增加土壤速效养分含量。介绍了水稻免耕栽培的调控技术。     

龙眼ISSR反应体系的建立和优化

对影响龙眼ISSR-PCR扩增反应的各个参数进行优化,建立适合龙眼的ISSR反应体系:PCR反应体积为20μl,其中模板DNA 25ng,引物0.2μmol/L,dNTP 100μmol/L,Taq DNA聚合酶0.5U,MgCl2 2.5mmol/L,10×PCR缓冲液2.0μl;扩增程序为94℃预变性5min;94℃变性1min,退火温度1min,72℃延伸90s,40个循环;72℃延伸7min。     

控制系统的优化设计方法：直接结构参数法

本文介绍一种控制系统优化设计的方法——直接结构参数法。此方法与传统的优化设计方法不同,它把目标函数的计算建立在结构框图仿真方法之上,可以对某些具体结构参数寻优。文中给出了优化算法的数学描述;给出了寻优程序框图。最后以恒压泵变量机构为实例,对YB-20AH型柱塞式恒压主量泵变量机构进行了寻优设计,并取得了良好的效果。