堇叶延胡索夏眠期地下芽的分化与生长节律

【目的】对长白山早春类短命植物堇叶延胡索地下芽的发生发育过程进行显微观察,并对芽体生长进行测定和相关分析,揭示夏眠期植物个体的发育规律。【方法】于2014年5月至11月在堇叶延胡索生长季和夏眠期,定期挖取块茎进行解剖观察和扫描电镜显微照相,明确地下芽发生发育进程,测定各阶段芽体大小,揭示地下芽生长发育节律。【结果】堇叶延胡索块茎于盛花期完成更新生长,地上生活周期结束后,随即进入2个月左右的休眠期,于7月中下旬开始萌动,其地下芽的形态分化历经2个月左右,进程可分为萌芽期、花序原基分化期、花序形成期和花器官分化期4个时期。地下芽形态发生完成后,继续芽体的生长发育,最终以成熟的花序进行越冬休眠。整个夏眠期地下芽芽长呈指数函数生长,芽径则呈线性函数生长,芽长与芽径之间呈幂函数异速生长关系,且相关系数均达到极显著水平。【结论】堇叶延胡索夏眠期块茎需短暂休眠后完成地下芽的形态建成,地下芽存在优先伸长的异速生长节律。     

云南伊洛瓦底江外来种麦穗鱼的形态差异分析

对采自伊洛瓦底江水系和顺、猴桥、龙陵和盈江4个群体共120尾麦穗鱼标本进行11个常规性状和16个框架结构性状的测量,应用多变量形态度量学结合主成分分析和差异系数分析方法比较各群体间的形态差异。结果表明,4个群体间没有显著性差异。其中,主成分PC1、PC2和PC3贡献率分别为26.658%,15.281%和11.395%,累积贡献率为53.334%,在PC1、PC2散点图中,龙陵与猴桥群体部分分出。从27个性状变量中筛选出贡献较大的9个性状(P0.01)与体长的比值进行形态差异系数分析,发现龙陵与猴桥、和顺、盈江群体间差异系数均小于1.28,综上分析,伊洛瓦底江4个麦穗鱼地理群体形态差异不显著,这可能与引入时间较短、引入群体来源于同一种群有关。     

施用腐植酸对夏玉米产量、氮素吸收及氮肥利用率的影响

为了探究腐植酸与无机肥料配施对夏玉米产量、氮素吸收及氮肥利用率的影响,于2014年始在河南省南阳市卧龙区英庄镇开展田间定位试验,共设置单施磷钾肥、常规施肥、常规施肥+3 000kg·hm~(-2)腐植酸、常规施肥减氮15%+3 000 kg·hm~(-2)腐植酸、常规施肥减氮30%+3 000 kg·hm~(-2)腐植酸等5个处理,分析不同氮肥运筹下夏玉米产量和氮肥利用的特征。结果表明,施用腐植酸可以有效改善夏玉米的农艺性状,提高夏玉米的产量,促进植株对氮素的累积和提高氮肥的利用率。其中,以常规施肥减氮15%+腐植酸处理效果最佳,与常规施肥相比,产量增加8.68%~12.96%,籽粒氮含量、籽粒氮累积量、地上部总氮累积量分别增加2.83%~3.92%、11.75%~19.74%、8.83%~19.41%,氮肥利用率增加52.00%~116.55%。因此,常规施肥减氮15%+3 000 kg·hm~(-2)腐植酸是本研究区域最佳的施肥模式,对实现现代农业生产的高产高效、资源节约和生态环境保护具有重要意义,是值得推荐的肥料运筹方式。     

A study on indicators and evaluation stages of aluminum tolerance in soybean

To determine an appropriate indicator and a suitable stage for evaluating tolerance of soybeans to aluminum (Al) toxin is one of the keys to effective breeding for the trait. Seventeen accessions selected as tolerant from a previous test program by using average membership index (F _Ai ) as indicator, plus one tolerant (PI.416937) and one sensitive (NN1138-2) check, were assayed in sand culture pot experiments, totaling four experiments, each for evaluation at V3, V5, V7 and V9 stage, respectively, each in a randomized complete block design with three replications, and each genotype exposed to two Al levels (0 and 480 μM). The relative values of shoot dry weight (RSDW), root dry weight (RRDW), total plant dry weight (RTDW), total root length (RTRL) and total root surface area (RRSA) as the tolerance indicators as well as F _Ai were compared. All the indicators showed significant variation in Al tolerance among genotypes over and across the leaf stages, but Genotype × Stage interactions were significant only for RTRL and RRSA, indicating that they were less stable among stages than RTDW, RSDW and RRDW. Among the latter three, RTDW was chosen as the major indicator of Al tolerance due to its relatively better stability, higher correlation with other indicators and easier measuring procedure than the others. The seedling age applicable for screening was not definitive, but V5 appeared to compromise between time spent resulting from screening the relatively older seedlings at later stages and low variation among genotypes at a younger stage. The differences of Al tolerance among the tested accessions were further detected by using RTDW, and superior Al tolerant accessions identified were PI.509080 (South Korea), N23533 and N24282 (Northeast China) and PI.159322 (USA), comparable to the putative tolerant check PI.416937 (Japan) at all vegetative stages.     

虎制品的SYB RGreen Ⅰ实时荧光PCR特异性鉴定

针对虎线粒体细胞色素b(Cyt b)基因设计特异性引物,建立并优化SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光PCR检测鉴定体系。利用该体系分别对从虎(东北虎、孟加拉虎、印支虎)和狮、豹、熊等13种非虎哺乳动物的肌肉、血液、毛发和肉骨粉中提取的DNA进行鉴定分析。结果表明:虎血液、毛发和肌肉DNA样本均出现特异性的实时扩增曲线,平均熔解温度在(83.8±0.1)℃。狮、豹、熊等13种非虎哺乳动物DNA样本的检测结果均为阴性。检测灵敏度可达到在骨粉中检出质量分数为0.05%的虎源性成分。SYBR GreenⅠ实时定量PCR方法具有方便、经济、灵敏度高和重复性好等特性,可用于虎制品的检测鉴定。     

由《兽药经营质量管理规范》看强化兽药经营企业档案建设

依据农业部最新公布实施的《兽药经营企业管理规范》,对我国兽药经营企业档案建设进行了系统分析,以期帮助兽药经营企业进一步规范档案管理工作,顺利完成经营许可的认定工作。     

Functional mapping of genotype-environment interactions for soybean growth by a semiparametric approach

Background  

Functional mapping is a powerful approach for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control biological processes. Functional mapping incorporates mathematical aspects of growth and development into a general QTL mapping framework and has been recently integrated with composite interval mapping to build up a so-called composite functional mapping model, aimed to separate multiple linked QTLs on the same chromosomal region.     

利用生物性状检测青蒿的遮阴性能

试验采取盆栽,三次重复,以2个不同青蒿为材料,在遮阴和正常两个条件下,利用生物性状检测青蒿的遮阴性能。结果表明,遮阴条件下,青蒿地上部干重、地下部干重、株高、叶面积、叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量和青蒿素含量均减少,经过方差分析,2个青蒿材料各项指标遮阴和正常两个条件下差异显著, 青蒿叶片青蒿素与地上部干重、叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素达1%显著相关。     

农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节基因导入和再生植株

以栽培大豆南农７３－９３５，南农８７Ｃ－３９，南农８６－２１，卫５１５子叶节组织为材料，接种农杆菌Ｃ５８Ｃ１（ｐＧＶ２２６０：：ｐＧＶ３００），在含卡那霉素（ｋｍ）２００ｍｇ／ｌ的ＭＳ培养基上仅自卫５１５品种筛选得到５株抗性小植株，对其中最绿的一株进行新霉素磷酸转移酶Ⅱ活性测定。     

我国南方大豆地方品种农艺和品质性状的遗传参数分析

由南方13省区的3769份夏大豆地方品种按省分层随机抽样而得的143份材料组成地方群体;由20份南方夏大豆推广品种及品系组成改良群体,在南京两年三重复试验表明,南方地方群体主要特点是晚熟(132.56天),秆较矮(58.05cm),中粒(14.34g/100粒),底荚高(18.47cm),分枝中等(3.86),产量低(1199.25kg/ha),蛋白质含量高(43.73％)、脂肪含量中等(20.19％)。该群体农艺和品质性状具有丰富的遗传变异,并由5％相对遗传进展特点将45个性状分为,GSI:极大(>40％);GSⅡ:大(40％—10％);GSⅢ:中等(10％—5％);GSⅣ:一定(<5％)等四类,其中GSⅠ、GSⅡ类多属产量、生育期、粒茎比、株高、百粒重等农艺性状,GSⅢ、GSⅣ类多属蛋白质含量及其氨基酸组分、脂肪含量等品质性状。