施用腐植酸对夏玉米产量、氮素吸收及氮肥利用率的影响

为了探究腐植酸与无机肥料配施对夏玉米产量、氮素吸收及氮肥利用率的影响,于2014年始在河南省南阳市卧龙区英庄镇开展田间定位试验,共设置单施磷钾肥、常规施肥、常规施肥+3 000kg·hm~(-2)腐植酸、常规施肥减氮15%+3 000 kg·hm~(-2)腐植酸、常规施肥减氮30%+3 000 kg·hm~(-2)腐植酸等5个处理,分析不同氮肥运筹下夏玉米产量和氮肥利用的特征。结果表明,施用腐植酸可以有效改善夏玉米的农艺性状,提高夏玉米的产量,促进植株对氮素的累积和提高氮肥的利用率。其中,以常规施肥减氮15%+腐植酸处理效果最佳,与常规施肥相比,产量增加8.68%~12.96%,籽粒氮含量、籽粒氮累积量、地上部总氮累积量分别增加2.83%~3.92%、11.75%~19.74%、8.83%~19.41%,氮肥利用率增加52.00%~116.55%。因此,常规施肥减氮15%+3 000 kg·hm~(-2)腐植酸是本研究区域最佳的施肥模式,对实现现代农业生产的高产高效、资源节约和生态环境保护具有重要意义,是值得推荐的肥料运筹方式。

Effects of Application Humic Acid on Yield,Nitrogen Absorption and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Summer Maize

In order to study the humic acid and inorganic NPK fertilizer on summer maize yield,nitrogen absorption and the influence of nitrogen use efficiency.In the brown soil region of Henan the winter wheat and summer maize rotation system,beginning in 2014 in Henan Province Wolong district Yingzhuang town to carry out field location test,the total 5 treatments,set single PK fertilizer,conventional fertilization,Conventional fertilization + 3 000 kg· hm-2humic acid,Conventional fertilization and nitrogen reduction 15％ + 3 000 kg· hm-2humic acid,conventional fertilization and nitrogen reduction 30％ + 3 000 kg· hm-2humic acid,and analyzed the characteristics of yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization of summer maize under different fertilization levels.The Results show that application of humic acid could improve the agronomic characters of summer maize,increase the yield of summer maize,and promote the accumulation of nitrogen and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.Among them,the conventional fertilization reducing nitrogen 15％ + humic acid treatment effect is the best,compared with conventional fertilization,the yield increased by 8.68％to 12.96％,grain,grain nitrogen accumulation amount,nitrogen content of above ground total nitrogen accumulation amount increased by 2.83％ to 3.92％,11.75％ to 19.74％,8.83％ to 19.41％,respectively,nitrogen use efficiency increased by 52.00％ to 116.55％.Therefore,the conventional fertilization and nitrogen reducing 15％ + humic acid is the best Fertilization mode in the study area,to achieve the high production and efficiency of agricultural production,resource saving and environment protection is of great importance,being worthy of recommended Fertilizer application mode.