汶川地震灾区归一化植被指数变化监测分析

提取归一化植被指数合成旬最大植被指数,研究地震重灾区域的植被状况.结果表明:1)盆地西部和北部山区,植被在4月下旬到5月底呈现自然生长规律,并且存在一条以旬最大植被指数为标记的稳定边界线来区分盆西山区和盆地农田;2)2008年地震前期,4月下旬的旬最大植被指数好于5月上旬,地震发生的5月中旬,旬最大植被指数在成都平原、德阳和阿坝州交界的山区明显减小,5月下旬,大部分区域旬最大植被指数都在减小;3)2009年5月中旬的旬最大植被指数是最好的,5月下旬,盆地中的旬最大植被指数值减小;4)地震使得在盆西山区和盆地农田之间通过旬最大植被指数表征的稳定边界被破坏.     

基于遥感的北方防风固沙区沙化草地利用基线盖度研究

为推动北方防风固沙生态功能区稳定维持生态健康安全,满足草地资源适度利用协调发展,该文选择北方防风固沙生态功能区的正蓝旗为典型研究区,利用TM遥感影像的NDVI,结合大量的野外地面调查数据,建立植被盖度遥感反演模型,提取区域植被盖度,并按照沙地类型划分标准划分沙地类型,提取半固定沙地和固定沙地过渡带处的平均植被盖度,开展防风固沙功能基线盖度评估研究。以基线盖度为基准,划分非利用区和可适度放牧利用。结果显示,提取正蓝旗草地资源利用基线盖度为30.47%,并通过基线盖度地面调查验证,与基线盖度地面调查结果一致。确定了可适度利用的草原范围及面积为396927.3hm2,占正蓝旗草原面积的39%,建立了生态保护约束下的草地资源利用格局。该研究可为沙化草地合理利用提供参考。     

Landscape-level interactions between topoedaphic features and nitrogen limitation in tallgrass prairie

Transects across watersheds with varying fire histories and remotely-sensed data were used to study vegetation-resource interactions in a tallgrass prairie in Kansas. Paired plots (fertilized, control) were established along these transects and sampled for grass and forb biomass during the 1989 and 1990 growing seasons. Fertilization resulted in significant production responses in grass and total biomass on the west slopes of the annually burned (ID) and infrequently burned (N4) watersheds for both years (p = 0.05). In 1989, fertilization also produced a significant increase in grass biomass on the west slope of the unburned transect (p = 0.05), however, total production was not significantly increased. East slopes were insensitive to nitrogen additions. Differences in production response along these transects were assessed by testing the interaction between fertilization response and slope position. Significant interactions occurred on both 1D and N4, but only in 1990.Production data for both years were also compared to Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values derived from thematic mapper (TM) images for 1989 and 1990. When differences among transects or watersheds were statistically different, a positive relationship between NDVI and biomass was observed. NDVI values accurately reflected the spatial patterns of production along these transects for both years although not necessarily the magnitude.     

中国农作物长势遥感监测研究综述

农作物长势监测的目的是为早期估产提供依据,同时为田间管理提供及时的信息。笔者总结了中国农作物长势监测的研究进展、研究方法,指出用于长势监测的遥感数据空间分辨率较低,常用的监测指标具有局限性,监测精度有待提高。“3S”技术的集成发展,进一步实现一体化应用于该领域仍是今后的发展方向。随着农作物长势运行化监测系统的进一步完善,对田间管理的诊断需求会日益加剧,因此作物长势的诊断将成为今后的研究重点。     

近15年新疆伊犁河谷草地退化时空变化特征

以伊犁河谷为研究区,利用MODIS NDVI数据及像元二分模型,反演草地植被覆盖度,以草地植被覆盖度为评价标准,结合数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)数据及Getis-Ord Gi*冷/热点分析方法,对伊犁河谷2001-2015年草地退化的时空特征进行了分析。结果表明,1)受持续过度放牧及气候条件影响,2001-2015年伊犁河谷草地整体持续退化,15年内退化草地比例达46.18%,但退化以轻度为主;2)空间上退化草地的分布范围逐步向高海拔区域扩展,海拔1 500-3 000 m的中山和中高山区退化草地扩张最明显;3)草地生态保护政策的实施减缓了草地退化速度,草地退化与改善的空间差异逐渐明显,以退化为主的单一变化趋势有所改变;4)利用NDVI反演植被覆盖度对草地退化进行评价的方法存在对高植被覆盖区域草地退化敏感性相对较弱的缺陷。     

基于NDVI的植被覆盖度的变化分析——以甘肃省张掖市甘州区为例

为了分析张掖市甘州区自1987-2006年19年间的植被覆盖的变化,以归一化植被指数(NDVI)和植被覆盖度遥感定量模型为基础,以1987年、2006年2期的TM影像和张掖市1∶10万地形图为数据基础,提取两期的植被覆盖等级图,定量的分析该地区植被覆盖度的变化情况。结果表明：近19年来,该区的植被盖度总体略呈下降趋势,荒漠化草地等植被覆盖状况较差的地区植被退化较为严重,绿洲地区的植被覆盖较为稳定,部分地区植被盖度呈上升趋势。     

西藏那曲地区植被覆盖状况与气象条件分析

本研究利用2004和2005年4-10月极轨气象卫星的AVHRR逐月归一化植被指数资料和同期西藏那曲地区气候资料,分析研究了该区域内的草原、草甸、灌丛植被覆盖特征以及长势与气候因子间的相关关系。结果表明,不同区域植被覆盖度、长势与降水、气温因子有显著的正相关关系,植被覆盖度越低,对降水的依赖性越强,那曲东部各等级植被覆盖面积与温度和累积降水的相关系数都大于中部和西部。     

基于MODIS数据的伊犁河谷植被指数变化及其对气候的响应

利用2006-2014年主要生长季(5-9月)的MODIS遥感数据,分析了2006-2014年的年平均NDVI和生长季月NDVI变化规律。同时,收集整理同期伊犁河谷地区的气温与降水资料,并对NDVI与当月、2个月滑动、3个月滑动和5个月滑动的平均气温、降水值进行了相关性分析。结果表明,NDVI与气温、降水都存在一定的相关性,NDVI受当月平均气温的影响最大;NDVI与当月降水和滑动平均降水的相关性都很好,但3个月滑动平均降水对NDVI的影响最大,并且通过了0.01的极显著性检验。     

北疆不同草地类型MODIS植被指数的时空变化研究

利用卫星遥感数据TERRA/MODIS,以2004、2005年5-10月的月度变化为例,分析了北疆试验区高寒草甸、高寒草原、温性草原化荒漠、人工草地和沼泽5种草地类型植被指数(MODIS-EVI、NDVI)在各个生长阶段的变化,从而反映5种草地类型生长状况及其特性.研究结果表明,5种草地类型增强型植被指数(EVI)均比归一化植被指数(NDVI)小,两者月度变化趋势基本一致,但EVI变化幅度比NDVI小.在高寒草原、高寒草甸、温性草原化荒漠草地类型上EVI比NDVI更稳定,但在沼泽多水的自然环境和人工草地上,EVI波动幅度大于NDVI.     

Response of an aridland ecosystem to interannual climate variability and prolonged drought

Water is a key driver of ecosystem processes in aridland ecosystems. Thus, changes in climate could have significant impacts on ecosystem structure and function. In the southwestern US, interactions among regional climate drivers (e.g., El Niño Southern Oscillation) and topographically controlled convective storms create a spatially and temporally variable precipitation regime that governs the rate and magnitude of ecosystem processes. We quantified the spatial and temporal distribution of reduced grassland greenness in response to seasonal and annual variation in precipitation at two scales at the Sevilleta Long Term Ecological Research site in central New Mexico, using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values from bi-weekly AVHRR data and seasonal ETM data from 1989 to 2005. We used spatially explicit NDVI Z-scores to identify times and places of significantly reduced greenness and related those to interactions between plant functional type, seasonal climate variation, and topography. Seasonal greenness was bimodal with a small peak in spring and a stronger peak following the summer monsoon. Greenness was generally spatially homogeneous in spring and more spatially variable in summer. From 2001 through spring 2002, drought effects were evidenced by a 4-fold increase in the number of pixels showing significantly low greenness. Spatial distribution of low greenness was initially modulated by topographic position, but as the drought intensified spread throughout the study area. Vegetation green up occurred rapidly when drought conditions ceased. We conclude that drought effects vary spatially over time, pervasive drought reduces broad-scale spatial heterogeneity, and greenness patterns recover rapidly when drought conditions end.