台湾省植被NDVI随海拔高度的变化及其气候响应

[目的]揭示台湾省陆地植被生态系统随海拔高度的变化趋势及其响应程度,为区域可持续发展、生态环境保护提供理论依据。[方法]基于台湾省1998—2018年SPOT/VEGETATION NDVI卫星遥感数据、气象及DEM数据,结合相关分析法、回归分析法等数理统计方法,对气候变化下的台湾省植被归一化植被指数(NDVI)变化趋势及区域响应进行了分析。[结果] 1998—2018年台湾省植被NDVI均值增长率为5.09%;台湾省不同高程范围所占的面积比例差异较大,500 m区域的面积比例高达52.49%,3 600 m区域的面积比例仅为0.01%,且NDVI均呈现较低值,分别为0.72和0.73;1998—2018年台湾省海拔除3 600 m外,其他海拔高程范围NDVI均值增长明显(p0.001);在500～3 600 m高程范围内,NDVI年均值与气温、降雨相关关系显著(p0.05)。[结论]海拔越高,植被生长状况对降雨的变化较气温更为敏感。     

诺敏河流域植被覆盖时空演变及其与径流的关系研究

基于GIMMS/NDVI数据对诺敏河流域1982-2006年间植被覆盖的时空演变特征进行了研究,并结合SCS模型模拟地表径流,在流域和像元尺度分析植被NDVI变化与径流的关系。研究表明:诺敏河流域植被NDVI值较高,但25a间整体呈下降趋势,NDVI减少的区域占总面积的82.5%,植被覆盖有所降低;NDVI空间差异明显,NDVI的高值区主要分布在中上游林区,而耕地分布较多的下游地区NDVI值相对较低。流域尺度上植被NDVI与径流不具有明显的相关性。但从像元尺度来看,植被NDVI和径流的正相关和负相关共存,流域不同空间位置的植被变化与径流的关系并不一致。     

基于小波融合的泉州市QuickBird影像绿地信息提取

以2006年泉州市部分QuickBird多光谱影像与全色影像为实验区数据基础，在遥感软件ERDASIMAGINE9．2平台支持下，应用小波融合算法及融合规则实现QuickBird融合处理，在此基础上进行归一化植被指数（NDVI）运算，通过人机交互式提取得到实验区5种主要的绿地类型：公园绿地、生产绿地、防护绿地、附属绿地及其他绿地．结果表明：1）QuickBird多光谱影像、全色影像的信息熵分别为3．975，4．162，而QuickBird融合影像的信息熵为7．251，明显高于前两者，融合后空间信息更丰富；2）QuickBird融合影像的平均梯度是3．328，多光谱影像、全色影像分别是1．552，2．965，融合影像纹理特征更明显；3）QuickBird融合影像与多光谱影像的偏差是0．0359，全色影像的偏差为0．0562，均接近于0，小波融合影像较好地保持了源图像的光谱特性；4）绿地信息分类提取的精度为89．6％，趋近90％．     

基于傅立叶变换的多时次NDVI地表覆被分类方法

从不同植被NDVI随季节的变化出发,通过对不同地表覆被类型多时次NDVI曲线的波形的分析.提出一种地表覆被的分类方法.通过利用曲线方差、经过傅利叶变换后谐波特征K以及最大振幅比重R这3个参数的组合,来进行地表覆被类型的分类.通过计算分类的混淆矩阵以及与部分地区实际地表情况的对比分析,说明该分类方法,能根据不同种类地物不同季节内绿度值的变化特征,对地表进行分类.     

Investigation on pistachio distribution in the mountain regions of northeast Iran by ALOS

Iran supports five different vegetation zones. One of those is the Irano-Touranian zone that is located in the northeast of Iran. This vegetation zone includes arid and semi-arid lands, and its area is about 3.5 million hm². It supports growth of pistachio (Pistacia vera), a deciduous-broadleaved species, which is one of the ecologically and economically most important native species. In this study, we analyzed three images acquired by ALOS satellite, including 10m resolution multispectral band (AVNIR-2), 2.5 m resolution “Backward” PRISM image, and 2.5 m resolution “Nadir” PRISM image, based on a provided rational polynomial coefficient (RPC). Using the “Backward” and “Nadir” images, a 2.5 m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) was produced. Four methods with AVNIR-2 and PRISM data were used to produce pan-sharpening images and conduct an object-based feature extraction process. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to determine the maximum distribution of pistachio in related elevation. The accuracy of the DEM was tested on 28 ground control points in the pair image as tie points, with the value of parallax error of 0.9027 m. The created elevation map indicated that pistachio trees grow up at 650m above sea level (a.s.l.). The result from NDVI in the related elevation showed the maximum density of pistachio at 800m a.s.l. In addition, the result of feature extraction in the forest showed the area of each target element calculated. The results of this research will improve decision-making and lead to sustainable management in general.     

Ground-Sensor Soil Reflectance as Related to Soil Properties and Crop Response in a Cotton Field

Bare soil reflectance from airborne imagery or laboratory spectrometers has been used to infer soil properties such as soil texture, organic matter, water content, salinity and crop residue cover. However, the relation of soil properties to reflectance data often varies with soil type and conditions and surface reflectance may not be representative of the conditions in the root zone. The objectives of this study were to assess the soil reflectance data obtained by ground-based sensors and to model soil properties in the root zone as a function of surface soil reflectance and plant response. Ground-based sensors were used to simultaneously monitor soil and canopy reflectance in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) along six rows and in two growth stages in a 7 ha cotton field. The reflectance data were compared to soil properties, leaf nutrients and biomass measured at 33 sampling positions along the rows. Brightness values of the blue and green bands of soil reflectance were better correlated to soil water content, particulate organic matter and extractable potassium and phosphorus, while those in the red and NIR bands were correlated to soil carbonate content, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity and foliar nutrients. The correlation of red soil reflectance with canopy reflectance was significant and indicated an indirect inverse relationship between soil fertility and plant stress. The integration of surface soil reflectance and plant response variables in a multiple regression model did not substantially improve the prediction of soil properties in the root zone. However, crop nutrient status explained a significant portion of the spatial variability of soil properties related to nitrification processes when soil reflectance did not. The implication of these findings to agricultural management is discussed.     

Multi-time scale analysis of sugarcane within-field variability: improved crop diagnosis using satellite time series?

Within-field spatial variability is related to multiple factors that can be time-independent or time-dependent. In this study, our working hypothesis is that a multi-time scale analysis of the dynamics of spatial patterns can help establish a diagnosis of crop condition. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the within-field variability of a sugarcane crop at seasonal and annual time scales, and tried to link this variability to environmental (climate, topography, and soil depth) and cropping (harvest date) factors. The analysis was based on a sugarcane field vegetation index (NDVI) time series of fifteen SPOT images acquired in the French West Indies (Guadeloupe) in 2002 and 2003, and on an original classification method that enabled us to focus on crop spatial variability independently of crop growth stages. We showed that at the seasonal scale, the within-field growth pattern depended on the phenological stage of the crop and on cropping operations. At the annual scale, NDVI maps revealed a stable pattern for the two consecutive years at peak vegetation, despite very different rainfall amounts, but with inverse NDVI values. This inversion is linked with the topography and consequently to the plant water status. We conclude that (1) it is necessary to know the crop growing cycle to correctly interpret the spatial pattern, (2) single-date images may be insufficient for the diagnosis of crop condition or for prediction, and (3) the pattern of vigour occurrence within fields can help diagnose growth anomalies.

基于遥感的疏勒县植被覆盖时空变化研究

【目的】评价疏勒县生态环境质量及生态环境演变过程。【方法】基于Landsat遥感影像数据,利用归一化植被指数NDVI、像元二分模型、中心迁移模型等方法分析了1996-2017年疏勒县植被覆盖时空演化。【结果】①疏勒县植被覆盖分布总体以高植被覆盖为主成大面积片状分布,中、低植被覆盖主要以盖孜河和克孜河为轴线,相对围绕高植被覆盖分散分布;②1996-2017年疏勒县植被覆盖面积和覆盖度均呈增加趋势。2017年的植被覆盖面积比1996年增加了456.4 km²,增加率为38.3%;③疏勒县植被覆盖空间变化上存在一定的区域性和时段性差异。区域上,南部乡镇覆盖度明显增加;时段上,2009-2013年植被覆盖面积增加最明显;④1996-2017年疏勒县植被覆盖中心整体往东南迁移;⑤气候变暖对疏勒县植被覆盖度变化有一定的影响,但短期内人类活动影响更大。灌区改造高效节水、耕地开垦、农作物的种植及林带面积的增加是植被覆盖面积增加的主要因素。【结论】综上可知,气候变暖和生态治理工程等人类活动因素可能是疏勒县植被覆盖面积与覆盖度呈增加的主要原因,这表明疏勒县生态环境保护与治理是科学合理的。     

基于头季关键生育期的NDVI值诊断再生稻的生长状况

明确再生稻头季光谱数据与再生季生长的相关性,是一种预测和诊断再生稻生长状况的便捷方法。研究采取主动式的Greenseeker光谱仪,测定了不同再生稻品种(组合)关键生育期的NDVI,结合再生稻的生理指标分析计算了头季抽穗前后的NDVI和再生季抽穗后的干物质、LAI和叶片氮含量(累积)的相关性。结果表明头季抽穗后的NDVI与再生季抽穗后的绿叶生物量、LAI、营养器官和绿叶的氮累积具有显著的指数正相关,且不受再生稻品种(组合)类型的影响。利用不同密度试验的数据对方程进行了较充分的验证和检测,表明模拟值与实测值之间符合度较高,估算精度为0.9765,估计的RMSE为1.464,平均相对误差为-0.1191,RRMSE为0.1814。     

基于TM影像的焦作市植被覆盖度时空动态监测

以焦作市2000年和2013年Landsat TM影像为基础,依据归一化植被指数和像元二分模型,对焦作市近13 a来植被覆盖度变化情况进行分析。研究表明,2000—2013年焦作市植被覆盖度总体比较低,其中修武县的植被覆盖度是所有区域中最高的;与2000年相比,2013年焦作市植被覆盖度总体增加,其中低及以下植被覆盖度区域面积明显减少,中低及以上植被覆盖度区域面积均有明显增加。