采收成熟度与果实贮藏保鲜关系的研究进展

采收成熟度是影响果实成熟衰老和贮藏品质的重要因素。综述了果实采收成熟度与采后生理、果实软化、采后病害及贮藏品质的关系,为改善果实品质、减少采后损失提供参考。     

烤烟品种闽烟35采收适宜成熟度初探

为探索烤烟品种闽烟35采收适宜成熟度,于2009年在福建省龙岩上杭烟区采用田间试验,研究了特色烤烟闽烟35品种采收适宜成熟的标准,结果表明:闽烟35下部叶打顶后20 d左右采收,外观质量、成熟度、叶片柔软性及弹性均较好,色度为中,均匀性好,化学成分较协调。中部叶打顶后50 d左右采收,成熟度、叶片柔软性及弹性均好,光泽较鲜艳,色度强,香气质、浓度及余味均较好。上部叶打顶后65 d左右采收的最好,上等烟比例和均价都最高、成熟度较好、组织结构尚疏松、色度较强、香气量足、香气质最好,烟气柔和、余味较舒适。     

Animal breeding systems and big game hunting: Models and application

We apply an age- and stage-structured model incorporating varying harem sizes, paternal care and infanticide to examine the effect of hunting on sustainability of populations. Compared to standard carnivore and herbivore models, these models produce different outcomes for sustainable offtake when either adults, or adult males are harvested. Larger harem size increases sustainable offtake whereas paternal care and infanticide lowers it. Where males are monogamous, populations are vulnerable to male offtake, regardless of paternal care. Surprisingly, an incidental take of 10% of other age-sex-classes has very little effect on these findings. Indiscriminate (subsistence) hunting of all age-sex classes has a dramatic effect on certain populations. Applying these behavior-sensitive models to tourist hunting in the Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania, we find that across the Reserve hunting quotas were generally set at sustainable rates except for leopard (Panthera pardus). In certain hunting blocks within the Reserve, however, quotas for eland (Taurotragus oryx), hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus), lion (Panthera leo), reedbuck (Redunca arundinum), sable antelope (Hippotragus niger), warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) and waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus) are set at unsustainably high rates. Moreover, particular blocks are consistently awarded high quotas. Behaviorally sensitive models refine predictions for population viability, specify data required to make predictions robust, and demonstrate the necessity of incorporating behavioral ecological knowledge in conservation and management.     

载人航天环境下开花前后光照强度对小麦生长发育及生产效率的影响

为了提高受控生态生保系统(CELSS)的能量利用效率,研究了在受控环境下开花前后光照强度对春小麦生长发育及生产效率的影响。结果表明,提高开花前光照强度(IBF)可显著缩短春小麦生育期;开花后光照强度(IAF)对小麦生育进程影响不显著。IBF的增强有利于春小麦营养体的构建,小麦籽粒产量有所提高,但小麦收获指数、粒叶比和能效比显著降低。IAF增强使小麦叶片光合速率、籽粒产量、收获指数、粒叶比和能效比均显著提高。高IBF下小麦籽粒产量的增加主要是因为提高了每株穗数和穗粒数,而高IAF下小麦籽粒产量的增加主要是因为提高了粒重。IBF和IAF提高均使得春小麦籽粒淀粉含量增加,蛋白质含量减少。高IBF对小麦产量的促进作用有限,而低IBF+高IAF的光照策略可以显著提高小麦的源库协调性和能量利用效率,可作为载人航天CELSS小麦培养的光照方案。     

不同品种辣木中微量元素的分布特征

为研究不同品种辣木中铁、锰、铜和锌等微量营养元素的分布特征,对西双版纳不同树龄的‘多油辣木’、‘狭瓣辣木’和‘PKM1 辣木’,在不同采收时期不同采收部位中的4 种微量元素含量进行分析比较。结果表明：对于不同种类品种、树龄和采收季节,在辣木的嫩梢和老梢中微量元素的含量有较大差异。不同品种辣木中微量元素含量总体呈现：铁＞锰＞锌＞铜的趋势;叶中铁含量低于茎,锰和锌含量高于茎;辣木嫩梢铁、锰和铜含量低于老梢,锌含量高于老梢。铁和锌含量为：‘多油辣木’和‘PKM1 辣木’>‘狭瓣辣木’,锰含量为：‘狭瓣辣木’>‘多油辣木’和‘PKM1 辣木’,随辣木树龄的增加铁含量呈增加趋势,锰和锌含量呈下降趋势。铁和锌含量夏季低于冬季,锰含量夏季高于冬季。铜含量随品种、树龄和季节变化差异较小。     

开花期外施表油菜素内酯(epi-BR)对水稻的影响

选用水稻品种日本晴为试验材料,初花期喷施表油菜素内酯(epi-Brassinolide,epi-BR)处理,并以喷施BR合成抑制剂-芸苔素吡咯(Brassi-nazole,Brz)为负对照,研究不同处理条件下水稻剑叶形态、叶绿素含量和产量构成因素的变化。结果表明,epi-BR提高了水稻灌浆高峰期剑叶中的叶绿素含量和比叶重,增加了水稻的结实率和千粒重,从而提高了水稻的生物产量和收获指数,使水稻增产。     

Effectiveness of Synthetic Molecules,and Animal and Vegetable Extracts as Baits for Harvesting Red Swamp Crayfish,Procambarus clarkii

Abstract

The present study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of different biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, spermine and spermidine) and their precursory amino acids (arginine, histidine, lysine and tyrosine), as well as animal extracts (from fish, crustaceans and mollusks) and vegetable extracts (Chara sp., coconut and alfalfa) as baits in traps for red swamp crayfish, P. clarkii. The methodology was conceived as a logical sequence to proceed from rapid screening of a large number of treatments and was divided into three phases: (1) chemo-detection bioassays, (2) chemattraction bioassays, and (3) field bioassays carried out under natural conditions. The attractants that showed the best performance as baits for P. clarkii, were: the fish soluble extract (included at 2.96%), the putrescine (included at 0.30%) and the red crab soluble extract (included at 2.69%). The benefits of using these attractants, when added to common pelleted feed, come from their low cost, availability and enhanced handling properties.     

不同采收期对凉香苹果果实贮藏品质的影响

以凉香苹果果实为试材,分5批采收,测定不同采收期果实的理化指标,探讨不同采收期对果实后期贮藏品质的影响.结果表明,在辽宁熊岳地区,9月21日和25日采收的凉香苹果,在贮藏过程中品质能够得到较好的保持,且贮后180 d果实的硬度分别为7.84 kg/cm2和7.76 kg/cm2,可溶性固形物含量分别为12.27％和13...     

发酵饼肥与减少采收次数对烤烟产质量的影响

研究了施用发酵饼肥与减少采收次数对烤烟产质量的影响,结果表明在相同的施氮量情况下,增施发酵饼肥和减少采收次数均不对烤烟产量产生显著影响,但施用发酵饼肥能提高烟叶糖含量和钾离子含量,而适当减少采收次数能有效降低中、上部烟叶的烟碱含量,二者均能提高烟叶香气质、香气量和吃味,改善烟叶品质,提高上中等烟比例和产值。以施用发酵饼肥225 kg/hm2+10 d采收1次效果最好,产值和上等烟比例分别达到35078.10元/hm2和67.42%。     

收获期对不同栽培措施玉米产量及粒重的影响

试验选用6个不同类型玉米品种,在2种密度、2种施氮水平和2种灌水处理下进行大田试验,对不同收获期的百粒重和产量进行分析。结果表明,不同栽培措施下不同玉米品种百粒重和产量随收获时期的变化而不同,低密、高氮和正常灌水条件下,各品种间的变化差异较小;高密、低氮和干旱下,各品种间的变化差异较大。不同栽培措施下,收获期与百粒重和产量呈线性相关关系,可用y=ax+b来表示,从9月17日至10月8日,收获期每推迟1 d,百粒重增加0.605 5～0.845 3 g,产量增加174.71～232.33 kg/hm2。综合品种和栽培措施因素,陕西关中夏玉米从9月17日开始,收获期每推迟1 d,百粒重增加0.444 4 g,产量增加205.78 kg/hm2。