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61.
[目的]为铅污染土壤的生物修复提供一定的理论依据。[方法]以5种耐铅菌株为主处理,以铅浓度为500、1 000、1 500 mg/kg为副处理,研究耐铅菌株对玉米土壤中2种铅形态的影响。[结果]处理M1在任何铅浓度范围中减少交换态铅含量;处理M3对铅的交换态无太大作用,对碳酸盐态铅含量起作用,且呈倒"V"型;处理M4对2种铅形态的影响不大。[结论]该研究结果具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。 相似文献
62.
The effect of bacteria represented by indigenous soil microflora or a mixture of soil bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Rhodococcus erythropolis on fungal growth, extracellular enzyme production and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) biodegradation efficiency in soil of white-rot fungi Trametes versicolor and Irpex lacteus was investigated. Both fungi were able to colonize soil. The growth yields measured by ergosterol were about two-fold in I. lacteus after 10 weeks. Laccase was produced in T. versicolor cultures in the presence or absence of bacteria but live bacteria reduced the laccase levels in soil about 5 times. Manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) was not detected in T. versicolor cultures. The amounts of MnP and laccase in I. lacteus cultures were not affected by the presence of bacteria. T. versicolor was more efficient in PAH removal for all PAHs tested although its capacity to colonize soil was lower. The removal rates of PAHs by T. versicolor in sterile soil were 1.5-fold, 5.8-fold and 1.8-fold for 2-3-ring, 4-ring and 5-6-ring PAHs, compared to I. lacteus, respectively. I. lacteus showed a low efficiency of removal of pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene and benzo[k]fluoranthene, compared to T. versicolor, whereas chrysene and benzo[b]fluoranthene were degraded by neither fungus. The main effect of the presence of the indigenous microflora or R. erythropolis and P. aeruginosa was a significant decrease of degradation of total PAHs by both T. versicolor and I. lacteus. Weak fungal/bacterial synergistic effects were observed in the case of removal of acenapthylene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene by I. lacteus and acenapthylene by T. versicolor. However, the bacterial effects were different in the two fungi. PAH abiotic losses represented 15 and 21% of the total PAHs after 5 and 10 weeks, respectively; naphthalene and acenaphthene were removed from the soil due to volatilization. 相似文献
63.
对鹤地水库2000~2010年的水质监测数据进行了统计分析,结果表明,鹤地水库营养盐含量较高,总体上呈现中-轻富营养化状态,并且富营养化程度有逐渐加重的趋势。针对水库污染的现状和实际调查情况,分析富营养化加重产生的原因,并提出生物修复的防治对策,为改善和维护水库的水生态环境,实施水库的可持续发展提供了可参考的科学依据。 相似文献
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钒污染土壤对生态环境和人体健康存在危害,已成为土壤修复领域关注的热点之一。选取科学合理的修复方法对钒污染土壤进行精准治理十分必要。生物修复技术是钒污染土壤绿色可持续治理的重要发展方向,具有操作简便、环境友好、成本低廉、修复效率较高等优势。本文从植物、动物、微生物单一及联合修复的角度,综述了近年来钒污染土壤生物修复的研究进展,探讨了影响钒污染土壤生物修复效果的主要因素,总结了现阶段的研究不足,并对未来研究方向进行了展望,以期为钒污染土壤生物修复技术的总结与发展应用提供科学依据与理论参考。 相似文献
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67.
Dominic Standing Elizabeth M. Baggs Martin Wattenbach Pete Smith Ken Killham 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(2):245-257
The scaling up of processes in the plant–soil–microbe system represents one of the greatest challenges facing environmental
scientists and yet is essential for sustainable land management worldwide. The latter encompasses, for example, the mitigation
of and adaptation to anthropogenic climate change, the bioremediation of industrially contaminated sites, catchment management
of human pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157 and integrated crop management on the farm. Scaling up is also essential for the regional and global biogeochemical
modelling that will inform policy-makers of the critical environmental factors driving climate change. Despite increasing
understanding of the links between gene expression and process on a microscale, there is still much progress to be made when
relating this to processes at the macroscale. In this paper, we explore the challenges this poses and examine key case studies
of successful up-scaling.
相似文献
Dominic StandingEmail: |
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69.
本文通过盆栽试验初步研究了黑麦草 (LoliummultiflorumLam)对污染土壤中多环芳烃苯并 [a]芘动态变化的影响。盆栽试验设计 3种苯并 [a]芘处理浓度 ,分别为 1、10、10 0mgkg-1。将苗龄为 1周的黑麦草移植于受苯并 [a]芘污染的土壤中 ,同时设置有相同的苯并 [a]芘处理浓度但不种植物的对照试验。试验在2 0m3 的控温、控光的生长室内进行 ,土壤湿度维持在田间持水量的 6 0 %。通过 12 0d的温室盆栽试验 ,观察到土壤中苯并 [a]芘的可提取浓度随着时间逐渐减少 ,种植黑麦草加快了土壤中可提取态苯并 [a]芘浓度的下降。在 1、10、10 0mgkg-1苯并 [a]芘处理浓度下 ,黑麦草生长的土壤中苯并 [a]芘的减少率分别达 82 3%、74 0 %和 5 5 9%。结果还显示 ,随盆栽时间的延长 ,黑麦草根圈土壤中多酚氧化酶含量提高 ,这可能根圈土壤中可提取态苯并 [a]芘含量降低有关。黑麦草的地上部可以积累苯并 [a]芘 ,变幅在 0 0 6~ 3 6 0mgkg-1。初步认为 ,土壤具有缓解苯并 [a]芘污染的自然本能 ,促进黑麦草生长 ,增强土壤多酚氧化酶活性 ,可提高黑麦草对苯并 [a]芘污染土壤的修复能力。 相似文献
70.
Marco Derudi Gianluca Venturini Giorgio Lombardi Giuseppe Nano Renato Rota 《European Journal of Soil Biology》2007,43(5-6):297
The effectiveness of the SS-SBR (Soil Slurry – Sequencing Batch Reactor) process for the remediation of soils contaminated by several organic pollutants has been evaluated. Experimental tests have been performed on two different soils, a spiked one and an industrial aged soil. The spiked soil, artificially contaminated, has been prepared trying to simulate the pollution of an industrial aged soil in terms of number and kind of contaminants. PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) and phenols degradation has been particularly investigated because they are considered persistent and recalcitrant. Concerning the spiked soil, removal efficiencies higher than 95% in 6 to 9 weeks have been found for all the pollutants, except for five-rings PAHs; however, these compounds were partly removed in 11 to 13 weeks. Good results have been achieved also for the industrial aged soil with a maximum removal of about 80% in 7–8 weeks. To enhance the pollutants degradation, trying to obtain a faster remediation, the biological treatment has been combined with a chemical oxidation with ozone. The best degradation effectiveness of the combined process has been obtained applying the ozonation after few days of the biological treatment. Therefore, a combined biological and chemical treatment allowed to markedly improve the remediation of contaminated soils. 相似文献