淄博市小麦生产现状及效益分析

基于山东省统计年鉴、淄博市统计年鉴以及高青县、临淄区、桓台县112位农户小麦生产情况的调研数据,对淄博市小麦生产现状及存在的问题进行了分析。结果显示,2017—2019年淄博市种植面积前4位的小麦品种均为鲁原502、济南17、山农28和济麦22,2017、2018和2019年该4个品种种植面积在3年中分别占小麦种植面积的83.5%、75.4%和78.2%。3年小麦667 m²生产成本平均为840.85元,产值1 146.58元,生产效益305.73元。提出了通过加大高产、优质、专用等适宜新品种的选育、示范推广力度,提高科技支撑,提升产业化经营水平来降低淄博市小麦生产成本,提高小麦生产收益。     

马铃薯块茎淀粉组分高效检测体系的建立及应用

马铃薯块茎淀粉组分(直链/支链淀粉比AM/AP)影响淀粉特性以及决定其在食品和其他工业上的应用。AM/AP的测定对其合理利用以及选育特异淀粉组分的专用品种等具有重要意义。采用96孔板双波长法对马铃薯不同AM/AP比率标准样品进行测试,发现当测试样品AM/AP比率超过制作标准曲线的AM/AP比率(33.3%)时,测试结果明显高估直链淀粉含量。基于96孔板的碘染分析,建立了马铃薯AM/AP比率和最大吸收峰下波长的标准曲线:y=601.88x0.0215,R2=0.9999。该方法进一步提高了测试准确度和应用范围。利用该方法测试了198个马铃薯品种(系)以及高直链淀粉组分的转基因块茎,明确了收集的马铃薯品种(系)的直链淀粉组成范围为17.4%~33.3%。新建立的马铃薯淀粉组分测试方法为高效准确筛选遗传育种材料以及改良淀粉组分株系提供了方便。     

浅谈楼房养猪除臭技术设计与应用

楼房养猪相较于传统平房养猪,占用面积更小,可节省用地60%以上。楼房养猪同时方便集中管理,易于采光通风和保暖;但是楼房养猪也有明显的缺点,相较于传统的平房养猪,楼房养猪作为集约化、规模化、现代化养猪的集中表现模式,建造及运营维护成本相对较高,消毒及防疫工作较为困难。高楼环境易于通风的同时,猪舍的污染问题也更加突出。猪舍给空气带来的污染不仅会影响猪舍内外的空气质量,同时还会影响猪只的繁殖、生长和发育,并将会对养殖人员与附近居民的身体健康产生重要影响。所以,必须采取相应完善的系统科学措施,处理楼房养猪中的空气除臭问题,保证生猪生活环境的清洁。文章通过结合平房养猪以及楼房养猪的特点,浅谈一下楼房养猪的除臭技术的设计与应用。     

进境玉米中玉米内州萎蔫病菌PCR检测方法评估

为了准确检测玉米样品中玉米内州萎蔫病菌（Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis,Cmn）,减少测试过程中的假阳性和假阴性结果,利用15对Cmn特异性引物/探针分别测试了Cmn及其他菌株63株,并测试了食用、种用和饲用进境玉米样品300个。测试结果表明,常规PCR和实时荧光PCR方法阳性检出率最高的引物/探针分别是引物PSA-7/PSA-R和探针Cmn-MGB;巢式PCR不适用于样品中Cmn的检测;检测过程中引物Cmn-4F/Cmn-4R和探针rpsJ27P出现假阴性,引物CmnFP/CmnRP出现假阳性。根据测试结果,引物PSA-7/PSA-R和探针Cmn11-P可用于口岸进境玉米样品Cmn检测。     

近红外光谱检测猪血浆蛋白粉影响因素的探究

近红外光谱检测方法具有快速、准确的优点。为建立猪血浆蛋白粉快速准确的实时检测方法,文章主要探究了样品杯漏光度、样品结块、松紧度、水分等因素对近红外光谱检测猪血浆粉结果的影响。结果显示,样品结块、样品压紧及样品杯漏光会使近红外光谱扫描蛋白值结果降低;水分总体上会影响蛋白含量扫描值,水分降低会导致蛋白含量扫描值偏高。     

稳态风沙流沙粒起跳速度概率分布模型北大核心CSCD

颗粒起跳速度概率分布函数是泥沙输运和粉尘释放模型中的重要输入参数。然而,为了可靠描述这种分布函数,需要准确测量近地层风沙流内起跳颗粒的运动轨迹。本文使用高速摄影系统和颗粒轨迹检测算法相结合测量了风洞沙床面附近部分溅射颗粒、没有引起溅射的反弹颗粒以及引起1个溅射的反弹颗粒的轨迹,通过分析三种起跳模式对应的起跳速度概率分布构建稳态风沙流跃移颗粒起跳速度的概率分布模型。结果表明:(1)三种起跳模式的起跳角度和起跳速度均服从Lognormal概率分布。(2)所有起跳颗粒的起跳角度概率分布方程几乎不受起跳模式影响。(3)所有起跳颗粒的起跳速度概率分布方程主要受溅射颗粒数与反弹颗粒数比值的控制,预示着风沙流发育过程或湍流波动将会对起跳速度概率分布函数产生重要影响。因此,我们的研究结果提供了关于近床面风沙跃移过程的新认识,并对模拟风沙输运中的粒-床相互作用和地貌动力学模型具有重要意义。     

Effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on Rumen Dry Matter Digestibility,Fermentation Parameters and Metabolites of Dairy Cows北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on rumen dry matter digestibility, fermentation parameters and metabolites of dairy cows. Experiment 1: six dairy cows with permanent fistula and had the similar parity (2 to 3 fetuses), body weight [(662 ±57) kg], lactation days [(160 ± 22) d] and milk yield [(36.1 ±3.8) kg / d], were randomly divided into 3 groups with 2 cows per group. Using 3 ×3 Latin square design, each group was extra fed 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, the trial period was 3 periods, 13 days for each period, including 10 days for the pre-trial period and 3 days for the trial period. At the beginning of the trial period, the rumen dry matter digestibility of cows was measured by nylon bag method. Experiment 2: thirty dairy cows with similar parity [(2.5 ±0.3) fetuses], initial body weight [(559.2 ± 7. 4) kg], milk yield [(35. 2 ± 1. 5) kg / d] and lactation days [(99 ± 22) d] were randomly divided into three groups with 10 cows in each group. Cows in the 3 groups were extra fed with 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, respectively. The pre-trial period was 10 days and the trial period was 42 days. The rumen fluid was collected on the last day of the trial period, and the rumen fermentation parameters and metabolites were determined. The results showed as follows: compared with the control group, 1) supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h (P <0.05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 36 and 48 h (P <0.05); 2) supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, total volatile fatty acid and microbial protein in the rumen of dairy cows (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in the rumen of dairy cows and significantly reduce the rumen acetic acid / propionic acid (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 Bacillus amylolyticus had no effects on rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen content (P >0.05); 3) eleven metabolic pathways related to differential metabolites were detected, and ascorbic acid and alginate metabolism were significantly enriched (P < 0. 05) . In conclusion, Bacillus amylolyticus can increase the rumen dry matter digestibility, and improve the rumen fermentation function of dairy cows by affecting the content of rumen metabolites. By comprehensive analysis, supplementary feeding of 5 × 109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus can achieve better effect. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

刨花长度及板坯铺装结构对麦秸板性能的影响

以长秸秆刨花、短秸秆刨花为原料,分别制备单层定向、三层定向和非定向等三种不同铺装结构的秸秆刨花板,研究刨花长度与板坯铺装结构对麦秸板性能的影响。结果表明,按本试验设定工艺参数制备的试板,性能均可达到LY/T 2141-2013《定向结构麦秸板》干状承载型板材的要求。实际生产中,可依据目标产品的应用领域,选择适宜的刨花长度和板坯结构。     

滴灌频次对化学脱叶棉花产量和品质影响机制的研究

为了明确脱叶效果较好且产量较高的滴灌频次,研究了不同滴灌频次对化学脱叶棉花土壤含水率、叶绿素荧光参数、脱叶效果及产量品质的影响。试验结果表明,滴灌频次7次（D7）处理为棉花生育后期提供较适宜的土壤含水量且有效调节20~40cm土层的土壤水分,调节化学脱叶棉花叶片荧光参数和产量,适当降低光合活性,促进棉花脱叶率与吐絮率增长,且降低挂枝率16.12%~24.95%,从而使产量增加7.61%~15.99%,同时纤维长度和纺织一致性分别增加了1.91%~3.87%、4.58%~14.72%。因此,滴灌频次为7次（D7）更适宜南疆化学脱叶的等行距机采棉种植。     

辣椒新品种天椒16 号的选育

天椒16 号是以45-2-1-1-1-1 为母本，以76-1-1-1-1-1 为父本配制而成的辣椒一代杂种。中熟，始花节位为第 10～12 节。果实羊角形，青熟果深绿色，果面皱，果长25.56 cm，果径5.83 cm，单果质量103.8 g，辣味淡，具有良好的商 品性。每667 m² 产量可达5 000 kg 以上，田间对辣椒病毒病、疫病、炭疽病和白粉病的抗性强于对照陇椒2 号。适宜在甘 肃省进行保护地和露地栽培。