不同刈割期天然牧草青贮品质评价

以内蒙古通辽扎鲁特旗山地草原天然混合牧草为原料,对其不同刈割时期的青贮品质进行了测定,以确定天然牧草青贮的刈割时间。结果表明:7月中旬~8月下旬刈割的牧草,青贮品质在感官评价上均表现优良,且在营养价值上优于原料草,均可用来制作青贮。综合分析牧草发酵品质和营养价值发现,随着刈割时间的推迟,青贮料的pH、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维的含量呈先降低后增加的趋势,乳酸含量先升高后降低,氨态氮占总氮的比例、可溶性碳水化合物含量无明显规律。8月15日刈割的青贮饲草的干物质含量、粗蛋白含量、乳酸含量均相对最高,氨态氮占总氮的比值最低,青贮品质最佳,7月14日刈割的牧草青贮品质较差。     

水分和添加剂对苜蓿青贮效果的影响

为研究苜蓿的水分、添加剂对苜蓿青贮发酵品质的影响,通过对头茬苜蓿设置3个水分梯度,并添加4个水平的甲酸、丙酸、双乙酸钠,装入聚乙烯袋抽真空,发酵45 d 后进行营养分析和品质鉴定。结果表明：适宜苜蓿青贮的水分条件为55%,这一水分条件下苜蓿青贮料的 pH、氨态氮、粗纤维最低,可溶性糖、乳酸最高;而3种添加剂对青贮料的影响具体表现为：与对照组相比,能够显著降低苜蓿青贮料的 pH 和氨态氮含量（P 〈0.05）,并且能够很好地保存青贮料中的可溶性糖,通过对灰色关联度分析,甲酸对苜蓿青贮的影响效果最佳,丙酸次之;且55%的水分条件下添加15 mL/kg 的甲酸,青贮效果为最好。     

Biomass from landscape management of grassland used for biogas production: effects of harvest date and silage additives on feedstock quality and methane yield

Biogas production from grassland biomass harvested during landscape management may help to maintain species‐rich grassland biotopes, but extensive management and late harvests often result in low‐quality biomass. Biogas production from the vegetation of Alopecuretum pratensis, Molinietum caeruleae and Caricetum gracilis, three typical grassland biotopes in north German nature reserves, was investigated in relation to harvest date. In addition, the A. pratensis vegetation was investigated for ensiling and the application of bacterial silage additives. Results indicate that biogas production might be a reasonable utilization pathway for grassland biomass from landscape management if the first cut occurs up to late summer. Methane yields of grassland biomass decreased substantially with later harvest, from up to 309 l_N kg^?1 organic dry matter (ODM) in May to below 60 l_N kg^?1 ODM in February, in correlation with increasing crude fibre contents. Caricetum gracilis vegetation was the least suitable feedstock for biogas production. It showed a rapid decline in methane yields with later harvest and 25% lower methane yields compared with other types of grassland vegetation. Application of silage additives is recommended for adequate preservation of grassland biomass from landscape management by ensiling. Addition of homofermentative lactic acid bacteria improved acidification during ensiling if sufficient fermentable sugar was available. The use of inoculant and molasses enhanced methane yields by 3–55%. Additional carbohydrate source is necessary to ensure proper ensilage when grasses are harvested after late autumn.     

蔬菜茎叶混合青贮技术及其应用研究进展

蔬菜茎叶青绿多汁,适口性好,含有丰富的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维,是牲畜的优质饲料.然而,除了小部分作为青绿饲料直接饲喂动物外,大部分蔬菜茎叶下脚料被遗弃或抛弃,这不仅造成资源浪费,而且造成环境污染.通过青贮等方式将蔬菜茎叶加工成动物饲料,既可以提高其利用价值,又可以取得良好的社会效益.对蔬菜茎叶混合青贮技术、影响青贮效果的因素及其在养殖业中的应用进行了综述.     

浅议福建省草食畜牧业发展与青贮玉米推广前景

因地制宜调整畜牧业结构,加快发展牛、羊等节粮型草食畜牧业,是促进福建省畜牧业可持续发展的有效途径.该文分析了福建省畜牧业发展存在的主要问题和发展前景,建议进一步发展、推广利用青贮玉米作草食畜牧业的饲料.     

燕麦品种及其与全株玉米质量比对青贮效果的影响

【目的】研究燕麦品种及其与全株玉米(Zea mays)质量比对混合青贮料营养成分及品质的影响,以筛选出青贮效果较好的燕麦品种及燕麦与玉米的最佳混合青贮模式。【方法】以3个燕麦品种白燕2号、白燕7号和白燕8号为研究对象,每个品种分别按燕麦与玉米鲜质量比0∶1,3∶7,5∶5,7∶3和1∶0混贮,共设置15个处理,常温贮存90d后开封,测定青贮饲料的营养成分和pH值、氨态氮(NH3-N)、挥发性脂肪酸(VAF)等指标。【结果】(1)白燕8号燕麦与玉米质量比为7∶3的处理粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(CA)、无氮浸出物(NFE)含量较高,水分和粗纤维(CF)含量较低,因此青贮后的营养成分最佳。(2)白燕8号燕麦与玉米质量比为3∶7的处理pH值较低(3.26),氨态氮/总氮值(NH3-N/TN)和丙酸(PA)、丁酸(BA)含量也较低,青贮品质优异。(3)从品种来看,白燕8号的青贮品质优于白燕2号和白燕7号,养分含量也比白燕2号和白燕7号略好;从混合比例来看,燕麦与玉米质量比为3∶7的处理粗纤维含量较低,粗蛋白和无氮浸出物含量较高,营养成分较好,同时该混合比例青贮料的pH值、氨态氮/总氮值和丙酸含量比燕麦与玉米质量比为5∶5、7∶3的处理低,是本试验的最优混合比例。【结论】在燕麦青贮中添加一定量的玉米进行混贮,可在一定程度上提高青贮料的营养价值和品质,其中,燕麦与玉米质量比为3∶7的处理是本试验的最优混合比例。     

Apparent digestibility coefficient of protein and amino acids of acid, biological and enzymatic silage for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Using the fish silage to partially replace proteic feedstuff in aquafeeds is an alternative to mitigate sanitary and environmental problems caused by the lack of adequate destination for fisheries residues. It would also lower feed costs, consequently improving fish culture profitability. However, using fish silages in aquafeeds depends on determination of its apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC). This work aimed to determining the ADC of crude protein and amino acids of acid silage (AS), biological silage (BS) and enzymatic silage (ES) for juvenile Nile tilapia (94.5 ± 12.7 g). The ADC_CP was: 92.0%, 89.1% and 93.7% for AS, BS and SE respectively. The average ADC of amino acids was: 91.8%, 90.8% and 94.6% for AS, BS and ES respectively. Results encourage the use of AS, BS and ES to partially replace protein sources in balanced diets for neotropical fish.     

捆草机电气控制系统的设计研究——基于MCGS与单片机技术

以呼伦贝尔市蒙拓农机科技股份有限公司生产的9YG-1.3型圆草捆打捆机为样机,针对其控制部分存在自动化程度低、草捆边缘布网太松、操作繁琐及需人工手动计数等问题,运用昆仑通态MCGS编程软件和Keil u Vision4软件,设计了一款以单片机系统为控制核心,以MCGS触摸屏为人机界面,配备各种相应传感器和控制输出硬件的自动控制系统。该系统通过人机监控界面,实现了对捆草机运行状况的实时监控。试验结果表明:本控制系统有效地解决了捆草机的灵活布网问题与计数问题,并可以实时进行停车、开仓门、关仓门与报警声亮提示,提高了捆草机的工作效率和自动化水平。     

Evaluation of Associative Effect of Whole Corn Silage and Millet Straw by Gas Production Technique in vitro

This research adopted fermentation gas production method in vitro to evaluate the associative effect of whole corn silage (WCS) and millet straw (MS).The WCS was mixed with MS in the proportion of 100:0,80:20,60:40,50:50, 40:60,20:80 and 0:100 with 3 replicates per group.The gas production,pH,ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), volatile fatty acids (VFA), microbial crude protein (MCP) and dry matter loss (DML) for 24,48 and 72 h of varying forage combinations were analyzed.Single factor associative effects index (SFAEI) and multiply factors associative effects index (MFAEI) of different combinations were calculated. The results showed as follows:There were significant differences of gas production among different combinations (P<0.05),and the best combination was the WCS80 group. With creasing of the content of MS,DML decreased,but the DML of WCS80 and WCS100 were similar (P>0.05). The MCP concentration of WCS100 and WCS80 was extremely significantly or significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05;P<0.01). The VFA concentration showed significant differences among different combinations (P<0.05).Among the different combinations of WCS and MS,the MFAEI of WCS80 was the largest,and that were 0.5517,0.5094 and 0.9860 at 24,48 and 72 h,respectively. The best combination of WCS and MS was 80:20.