脊尾白虾不同蜕皮分期免疫酶、几丁质酶及蜕皮激素的变化

为了研究脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)生长蜕皮和生殖蜕皮的差异,本研究对2种蜕皮不同分期(间期C期、前期D期和后期AB期)的非特异性免疫指标[酚氧化酶(PO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、几丁质酶(Chitinase)及蜕皮激素(MH)]进行了差异比较。结果显示,生长蜕皮各分期PO活力差异不显著,生殖蜕皮各分期PO活性呈先降低后升高的趋势,各分期差异显著;间期时,生长蜕皮和生殖蜕皮PO活性差异不显著;前期时,生殖蜕皮显著低于生长蜕皮;后期时,生殖蜕皮显著高于生长蜕皮。生长蜕皮各分期SOD活性逐渐升高,且差异显著,生殖蜕皮后期SOD活性显著低于间期和前期,间期和前期差异不显著;间期时,生殖蜕皮显著高于生长蜕皮,前期二者差异不显著;后期时,生殖蜕皮显著低于生长蜕皮。生长蜕皮各分期AKP、ACP活力均呈先升高后降低的趋势,且各分期差异显著,生殖蜕皮与生长蜕皮变化趋势相同;间期、前期、后期,生长蜕皮都显著高于生殖蜕皮。生长蜕皮时各分期Chitinase活力和MH激素浓度变化趋势相同,呈逐渐升高趋势,且各分期差异显著,生殖蜕皮时,呈先降低后升高趋势,且各分期差异显著;间期和前期,生长蜕皮显著低于生殖蜕皮,后期生长蜕皮显著低于生殖蜕皮。本文首次对脊尾白虾生长蜕皮和生殖蜕皮进行研究,结果表明,生长蜕皮和生殖蜕皮因为卵巢发育而存在明显不同。本研究结果为虾蟹类蜕皮机制的研究、养殖业苗种的育成提供理论基础和科学依据。     

In vitro methyl farnesoate secretion by mandibular organs isolated from different molt and reproductive stages of the crab Oziotelphusa senex senex

ABSTRACT:   Considerable evidences indicate that mandibular organ (MO) of crustaceans secrete terpenoid hormone (methyl farnesoate [MF]), which regulates molting and reproduction. In the freshwater south Indian rice field crab Oziotelphusa senex senex , MO isolated during premolt and vitellogenesis, secreted greater amounts of MF, which indicates that the regulation of the crustacean molt and reproduction is complex and also involves MF, besides steroid (ecdysteroid) and peptide (sinus gland peptide) hormones.     

一种适于研究家蚕色素代谢的眠蚕体壁组织培养方法与黑色素合成抑制试验

利用家蚕幼虫眠时形成新表皮以及重新合成黑色素分布于新表皮上形成固有体色斑纹等特点,用4龄入眠后的家蚕幼虫体壁组织为材料,观察离体培养体壁的色素代谢变化,探索适宜的家蚕幼虫体壁培养基及培养温度条件,眠蚕体壁的取材方法及取材时间,色素代谢观察的外观标志性状等。实验结果表明:含10%优等胎牛血清的Grace培养基适于家蚕幼虫体壁组织培养,培养温度为26℃;取4龄期入眠11～12 h后剥去旧表皮的体壁组织更容易观察色素代谢的外观性状变化;体壁培养24 h后,刚毛再生和色素沉积是易于观察的色素代谢变化标志性状。通过对家蚕4龄眠蚕离体培养体壁组织的黑色素合成抑制试验,观察到体壁外观性状变化,证明酪氨酸羟化酶催化酪氨酸转化成多巴是家蚕黑色素合成代谢途径中的一个重要环节。     

Bitter vetch as a single dietary ingredient for molt induction in laying hens

Molting is used to increase productivity in the second laying cycle of commercial laying flocks. We report here the applicability of whole grain of bitter vetch as an alternative method for molt induction in laying hens. A total of 120 laying hens were molted by feed withdrawal (FW), a high-Zn diet (HZn), a moderate-Zn and Ca-P-deficient diet (MZn-CaP), or whole grain of bitter vetch (BV). Egg production ceased first in FW-treated hens and last in MZn-CaP-treated hens (P < 0.05). The rest period was longer (P < 0.05) in hens exposed to the BV diet, which proved to be comparable with the FW treatment for postmolt egg production. Egg mass for 4 to 16 wk after the molting was greater (P < 0.05) for hens molted by BV than hens molted by the MZn-CaP diet. Egg weight and yolk color were not (P > 0.05) significantly different among various molting induction methods. Albumen height and Haugh unit of eggs from hens molted by BV, for the most part of the experimental period, were significantly (P < 0.05) greater than for birds on the MZn-CaP diet and unmolted hens. In conclusion, use of BV grain as a single dietary ingredient proved to be effective in molt induction and improving postmolt egg production and internal egg quality when compared with unmolted hens.     

Effects of Energy and Protein Levels on Egg Quality and Performance of Laying Hens at Early Second Production Cycle

One hundred sixty-two commercial 70-wk-old ISA Brown laying hens, previously subjected to induced molting by feed restriction, were distributed in a completely randomized design with 3 × 3 factorial arrangement (i.e., 3 metabolizable energy levels: 2,850; 2,950, and 3,050 kcal of ME/kg) and 3 protein levels (16, 18, and 20% CP), which totaled 9 treatments with 3 replicates of 6 birds each. Experimental diets were offered to birds after the feed restriction period. Performance and egg quality parameters were evaluated in 14-d intervals from the 4th to 12th weeks after forced molting for a total of 4 evaluation periods. Increases in dietary energy and protein levels did not improve performance or egg quality. The levels of 2,850 kcal of ME and 16% protein were sufficient for laying hens starting the second production cycle without decreasing their performance or egg quality.     

蜂王浆对初情期前雌性日本大耳兔生长发育的影响

本研究旨在探讨蜂王浆对雌性日本大耳兔初情期前的生长发育影响。将36只50日龄雌性日本大耳兔随机分为高剂量蜂王浆组(H-RJ)、低剂量蜂王浆组(L-RJ)以及对照组(C),每组12只。高、低剂量组分别按体质量0.2%和0.1%的量每天进行空腹灌胃蜂王浆,对照组灌胃体质量0.1%的生理盐水。每周同一时间空腹称重。40d后,所有兔子耳静脉取血后各组处死6只,摘取心脏、左侧卵巢和左侧子宫称重,并冷冻保存右侧卵巢和右侧子宫。采用放免法测定血清中雌二醇(E2)、促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)、孕激素(P4)、催乳素(PRL)和睾酮(T)的含量;用实时荧光定量PCR检测右侧卵巢中雌激素β受体(ERβ)mRNA和右侧子宫中雌激素α受体(ERα)mR-NA的表达。结果表明:灌胃蜂王浆12d后,对照组兔子没有换毛现象,低剂量和高剂量组分别有75%和67%的兔子换毛;蜂王浆对体质量和心脏、左侧子宫、左侧卵巢的脏器系数无显著影响(P>0.05)。试验组血液中E2浓度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而其它性激素无明显差异(P>0.05)。试验组ERα在子宫和ERβ在卵巢的表达量均低于对照组,对照组与高剂量组的差异极显著(P<0...     

肉用种鸡强制换羽期的内分泌学变化

应用放射免疫分析法，测定７３－７６周龄红宝肉用种鸡断换羽期外周血清中甲状腺素，同醇，雌二醇和促黄体素的分泌水平。结果；Ｅ２和ＬＨ分泌水平在断料的第７，１３，２１，２５ｄ分别降低８．５％，２４．１％，２５．８％，２２．４％和５．７，１０．６％，９．９％，１８．４％，证实Ｅ２和ＬＨ分泌水平的降低与卵巢中卵泡的退化相。     

Lipid content of Calanus finmarchicus during overwintering in the Faroe–Shetland Channel

Lipid class contents and composition of the copepodite stage CV and adult female Calanus finmarchicus were measured from the autumn to the spring along a transect crossing the Faroe–Shetland Channel. The data give a detailed vertical resolution of lipid content of C. fin-marchicus before, during and after the time of diapause. In the deep water, where C. finmarchicus was in diapause, the wax ester (WE) content did not change between the autumn and spring with the exception of that of females, which showed a significant decrease in lipid content by March. The concentrations of lipids were lower and more variable in both CV and females in surface waters over the sampling period. In March, the lipid concentration of both CV and females decreased significantly with decreasing depth. The triacylglycerol (TAG) content of both CV and females was high in October at all depths but had almost disappeared by December. The TAG was either utilized during this time period or converted to WE. TAG was most prominent in October and again in February in copepods in the upper water column. A simple diagnostic model is presented that estimates how C. finmarchicus allocates energy reserves from lipids into various metabolic functions. The cost of diapause, molting, gonad formation and ascending from depth is estimated based on the time series data. The model indicates that the major portion of the stored lipid goes into gonad formation, in physical ascent and in basic metabolism during ascent, whereas maintenance of diapause and molting is not expensive in terms of lipid utilization.