淹水条件下羊毛分解产物对土壤汞迁移作用的影响

巯基对汞特别是甲基汞有强烈的吸附作用 ,本试验通过对土壤添加富含巯基官能团的羊毛 ,初步研究含巯基物质在土壤环境中对土壤汞迁移转化作用的影响。结果表明 ,在淹水条件下羊毛的腐化分解产物为土壤微生物提供了碳源、氮源 ,使其对汞的生物甲基化能力增强。与对照组相比植物体内含汞量增高     

腐殖酸结合汞的研究现状

综述了近20年来国内外对腐殖酸结合汞的研究成果。腐殖酸在土壤中虽然含量不高 ,但结合汞的容量大 ,且结合汞后有一定的活性。并指出 ,人们对腐殖酸结合汞是抑制还是活化土壤汞的认识分歧在于腐殖酸组分对汞的络合能力和络合物稳定性存在差异。     

用1／N展开技术研究汞核的能谱和B(E2)

用１／Ｎ展开法加上自洽Ｑ框架的ｓｄＩＢＭ１研究比Ｈｆ更重一些的中等质量核的Ｈｇ的同位素的能谱,计算了＾１８６Ｈｇ基带的几个Ｂ（Ｅ２）值,有一定程度的符合,高激发态符合得较好,特别是能正确反映出Ｂ（Ｅ２）值随能级谱化的趋势,而且只用了很少的可调参数去拟合大量数据,注意到值随能级变化的趋势,而且只用了很少的可调参数去拟合大量数据。注意到Ｈｇ核的质子数Ｚ＝８０,很接满壳层,可见１／Ｎ展开展理论适用于很大     

南宁市郊区土壤中汞污染状况调查

分析了来自南宁郊区５个不同地点的土壤汞污染状况。结果表明,这５个不同地点的土壤中的汞含量明显高于全国平均水平。其中汞含量最高的是安吉地区,达到１．６４７ｍｇ／ｋｇ。同时还对种植在这些土壤中的蔬菜的汞含量进行了调查。结果表明,这些地区的蔬菜的汞含量明显偏高。研究结果也说明,蔬菜中汞的含量与土壤中的汞污染程度有明显的相关性。     

汞对大豆幼苗生长发育和营养代谢的影响

通过用不同浓度ＨｇＣｌ２溶液对大豆种子进行砂培试验研究,结果发现５×１０－５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨｇＣｌ２对大豆幼苗的生长发育无明显影响;培养液ＨｇＣｌ２浓度大于１×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,大豆幼苗叶绿素含量、光合速率、根系发育及活力、硝酸还原酶活力、蒸腾强度降低,幼苗营养利用能力降低,生长速率减慢。     

酸雨和降尘对植物产量及汞含量的研究

采用盆栽试验,研究了模拟重庆现实酸雨（ｐＨ４．０）和降尘（３３．５ｔ／月ｋｍ２）对番茄产量和植株汞浓度分布的影响。结果表明,酸雨处理使钙质紫色土上的番茄增产２１．６％,并促进叶汞积累。降尘处理使酸性紫色土上的番茄增产１９．２％,并增加了根汞含量。酸雨和降尘复合处理较对照、酸雨和降尘处理分别减产３．０％～１６．１％,３．８％～３１．０％和１５．８％～１８．７％,叶汞浓度分别增加１２．８％～２５．４％,９．８％～１５．５％和１８．０％～２５．８％,但均未对果实汞积累产生影响。这不仅与酸雨促进降尘溶出汞,增加植物叶片细胞质膜透性有关,而且与土壤肥力和作物长势相关。     

Effect of water temperature on the feeding activity and the resultant mercury levels in the muscle of cultured bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis (Temminck and Schlegel)

Tuna muscle often contains high levels of mercury, and fish samples with mercury concentrations ten times higher than the specified safety standards have been reported. Here, we report on the relationship between water temperature and the concentration of mercury in the tail muscle tissue of cultured bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis. The fish used in this study were cultured at Fisheries Laboratory of Kinki University (Amami Experimental Station, Kagoshima, Japan). One hundred fish weighing 26.2–89.4 kg were selected for analysis between February 2007 and January 2008. Water temperature during rearing ranged from 21 to 29 °C. The total mercury levels were measured using the reduction vaporizing atomic absorption method after acid digestion. Body weight increased approximately 1.5 times that observed in a previous study, despite feeding activity either being the same or less than that observed previously. The average mercury concentration in white muscle was 0.353 mg kg^?1, remaining almost constant and independent of body growth. Unlike previous studies, seasonality was not observed in this study. Based on these findings, water temperatures within a certain range were considered to stabilize feeding activity and increase feeding efficiency. Consequently, water temperature is considered to have a moderating effect on seasonal fluctuations in muscle mercury concentrations in cultured bluefin tuna.     

应用原子吸收光谱法对长春市市场鱼体汞污染的调查

本实验采用随机抽样法,从长春市农贸市场采取鲤鱼80尾、鲢鱼80尾,草鱼59尾,然后取其背部肌肉,部分草鱼、鲤鱼还采取肝脏、鳃和鳞片,用原子吸收光谱法对其汞含量进行了测定。其中,鲤鱼肌肉汞含量均值为58.30 PPb(13～153 PPb),鲢鱼为67.32 PPb(22.5～164PPb),草鱼为41.49 PPb(10～94.5PPb),均未超过国家规定的食品卫生标准(0.3 PPm)。分析了草鱼,鲤鱼肌肉、肝脏、鳃、鳞片汞的含量,结果,鳞片汞>肌汞>肝汞>鳃汞,经统计学相关分析,鲤鱼的肝脏、鳃和鳞片汞含量均与肌汞含量有极显著相关关系,而草鱼的上述诸器官与肌汞的相关不显著。鳞片汞约为肌肉汞的3～5倍。从而提示,在环保、鱼类水产食品的汞监测中可采取鳞片作为检样。对同一水域不同年龄鱼体汞含量的分析结果表明,鱼体汞的富集随着年龄的增长而增加。在对同一水域同龄的不同鱼种间汞含量的比较后发现。鲢鱼肌汞与鲤鱼肌汞均高于草鱼肌汞,而鲢鱼与鲤鱼汞之间差异不显著。     

Effect of mercury chloride on oxidative stress and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 signalling molecule in liver and kidney of laying hens

This study investigated the effects of mercury chloride (HgCl₂) on the deposition of mercury (Hg), histopathology and oxidative stress in liver and kidney of laying hens. The gene expressions of antioxidant enzymes and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)‐Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1) were further studied to uncover the molecular mechanism. A total of 960 40‐week‐old Hyline brown laying hens were randomly allocated to five treatments with eight pens per treatment and 24 hens per pen. The hens were fed with five experimental diets containing graded levels of Hg at 0.270, 1.250, 3.315, 9.405 and 27.230 mg/kg respectively. Results revealed that both deposition of Hg and score of injury in liver and kidney were significantly increased as dietary Hg dosage up to 27.230 mg/kg diet. Deposition of Hg was positively related to score of injury in liver and kidney of laying hens. Besides, the activities of superoxidative dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), and glutathione (GSH) content all significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly increased (p < 0.05) after Hg exposure in liver and kidney of laying hens. In addition, positive relationships occurred between antioxidant enzyme activities and antioxidant enzyme gene expressions except between SOD activity and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene expression in liver. Meanwhile, Nrf2 gene expression was positively related to antioxidant gene expressions and negatively connected with Keap1 gene expression. Negative relationships occurred between Nrf2 and Keap1 protein levels in liver and kidney. In conclusion, Hg could dose‐dependently damage liver and kidney and induced hepatic and renal oxidative stress by means of suppressing Nrf2‐Keap1 signalling molecule in laying hens.     

鱼组织中汞与硒相关性的研究

用氢化物原子吸收法分析测定了鱼组织中汞和硒的含量，并对汞和硒之间的相关性进行了研究。结果表明，汞和硒在鱼样的肝脏和肌肉中的含量都存在显著性差异，且大多是肝脏中的含量大于肌肉中的含量。不同种类的鱼，营养级较高的鱼，其汞和硒富集能力强，含量较高。在汞含量较低的情况下，鱼组织中汞与硒的摩尔比值随汞含量的增加而增加。