The 5‐lipoxygenase inhibitor tepoxalin induces oxidative damage and altered PTEN status prior to apoptosis in canine osteosarcoma cell lines

The 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LOX) inhibitor tepoxalin has been shown to slow canine osteosarcoma (OSA) tumour xenografts growth, yet the mechanisms are poorly elucidated. Further examination of tepoxalin in canine OSA cell lines shows that tepoxalin treated cells undergo apoptosis through caspase‐3 activation and annexin staining. Interestingly, apoptosis is superseded by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), as measured by activation of dihydrorhodamine 123 and mitosox. This increase in ROS appears to be related to the 5‐LOX inhibitor regardless of cellular 5‐LOX status, and was not observed after treatment with the tepoxalin metabolite RWJ20142. Additionally, 5‐LOX inhibition by tepoxalin appears to increase phosphatase and tensin (PTEN) homolog activity by preventing its alkylation or oxidation. PTEN modification or inhibition allows phosphoinositide‐3 (PI3) kinase activity thereby heightening activation of protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation. Our data suggest that off target oxidation and LOX inhibition play roles in the apoptotic response.     

Growth hormone suppresses the expression of IGFBP-5, and promotes the IGF-I-induced phosphorylation of Akt in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Growth hormone (GH) plays a specific role to inhibit apoptosis in the bovine mammary gland through the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I system, however, the mechanism of GH action is poorly understood. In this study, we show that GH dramatically inhibits the expression of IGFBP-5, and GH along with IGF-I enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt through the reduction of IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-5. To determine how GH affects Akt through IGF-I in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs), we examined the phosphorylation of Akt in GH treated BMECs and found that IGF-I induced phosphorylation of Akt was significantly enhanced by the treatment with GH. We demonstrated that GH reduces mRNA and protein expression of IGFBP-5 in BMECs, but it does not affect the expression of IGFBP-3. To determine that the enhanced effect of the Akt phosphorylation by the treatment of GH is due to the inhibition of the expression of IGFBP-5, we examined the effect of IGFBP-3 and -5 on the phosphorylation of Akt through IGF-I in the GH-treated BMECs. The phosphorylation of Akt was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner when IGFBP-5 was added at varying concentrations and was also inhibited in the presence of IGFBP-3. The results of this study suggest that GH plays an important role on mammary gland involution in bovine mammary epithelial cells.     

抗氰烯菌酯假禾谷镰孢突变体的诱导及其生物学特性

为评估引起小麦茎基腐病的病原菌假禾谷镰孢Fusarium pseudograminearum对氰烯菌酯的抗性风险,对5株敏感菌株进行了室内药剂驯化,获得33株抗性突变体,突变频率为16.5%,其对氰烯菌酯的抗性水平范围为7.39～1 665.76倍,3株表现低抗,4株表现中抗,26株表现高抗;发现在myosin-5基因上存在11种抗性突变类型,其中217位的丝氨酸突变为亮氨酸(S217L)、420位的谷氨酸突变为赖氨酸(E420K)和135位的丙氨酸突变为苏氨酸(A135T)为主要突变类型,其比例分别为45.5%、15.2%和9.1%。S217L型抗性突变体的产孢量显著下降,菌丝生长速率和致病力与亲本菌株无显著差异。E420K型抗性突变体的菌丝生长速率和致病力显著下降,产孢量与亲本菌株无显著差异。A135T型抗性突变体的菌丝生长速率和产孢量与亲本菌株无显著差异。研究结果表明假禾谷镰孢在药剂选择压力下易形成氰烯菌酯的抗性群体,对氰烯菌酯存在中到高等的潜在抗性风险,其myosin-5的点突变与其对氰烯菌酯的抗性相关。     

MicroRNA-9-5p mediates sympathetic overactivity by targeting KCNN3 in paraventricular nucleus of rats with T2D

AIM To investigate whether microRNA-9-5p （miR-9-5p） mediates sympathetic overactivity by targeting KCNN3 （potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily N, member 3） gene,which encoded small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel 3 （SK3） protein, in paraventricular nucleus （PVN） of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2D）. METHODS A rat model of T2D was established by high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg streptozotocin. The levels of miR-9-5p and KCNN3 mRNA in PVN were detected by real-time PCR. The relationship between KCNN3 and miR-9-5p was predicted by TargetScan. Recombinant adeno-associated virus （rAAV）-miR-9-5p or KCNN3 were bilaterally microinjected into the PVN to observe the changes in plasma glucose levels and sympathetic drive indicators. The number of FosB and SK3 positive cells was measured by immunofluorescence staining. The protein expression of SK3 was determined by Western blot. The relationship between KCNN3 and miR-9-5p were confirmed by cell transfection and dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Compared with the rats in diabetes control （DC） group, the blood glucose, sympathetic drive indexes and the level of miR-9-5p in PVN were significantly increased, while the SK3 expression in PVN was obviously reduced in the diabetes mellitus （DM） rats. After microinjecion of rAAV-miR-9-5p in PVN, the sympathetic drive indexes, blood glucose, and the number of FosB-positive cells were increased significantly, but the SK3 protein expression was significantly reduced （P<0.05）. However, up-regulation of KCNN3 in PVN had the opposite effect. These responses were obviously enhanced in DM rats compared with DC rats. The results of cell transfection and dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-9-5p bound to the 3’-UTR of KCNN3 and inhibit its expression. CONCLUSION miR-9-5p was up-regulated in PVN of the rats with T2D, and it may mediate sympathoexcitation by targeting KCNN3.     

水果黄瓜新品种京研迷你5 号的选育

京研迷你5 号为保护地水果黄瓜一代杂种。其母本为从欧洲水果黄瓜品种中经8 代自交选择
获得的高配合力自交系M118。父本为（日本黄瓜自交系J5× 欧洲迷你黄瓜自交系EU11）×EU11 经8 代
自交选择获得的高配合力自交系EUJ4。该品种生长势强，为全雌系。瓜长15～19 cm，单瓜质量90～110 g，
果面光滑，无刺瘤，品质好，产量高。耐低温弱光，耐热。抗霜霉病、白粉病等主要病害。长季节栽培每
667 m ² 产量可达9 600 kg。适于全国各地保护地种植。     

西瓜新品种爱能5 号的选育

爱能5 号母本系湘蜜西瓜F₁ 自交12 代得到的稳定单系XM12，父本系西农8 号F1 自交10代得到的稳定单系XL10。植株生长势强，分枝力强，易坐果。果实椭圆形，果皮黑色，单瓜质量4 ～7kg，果皮厚1.1 cm 左右，瓤红色，肉质细脆，汁多味甜，中心可溶性固形物含量10% 左右。全生育期93d（天）左右，中熟，雌花开放～果实成熟约需32 d（天）。高抗枯萎病，抗疫病和炭疽病，适宜在湖南省及其周边地区种植。     

新牧一号苜蓿MvP5CS基因的克隆和功能分析

为研究苜蓿（Medicago sativa）耐盐分子机制，为抗逆分子育种提供依据，通过同源克隆和RT PCR技术克隆了新牧一号杂花苜蓿（M.varia Xinmu 1）的MvP5CS基因， MvP5CS全长2 148 bp，Genbank登录号为：EU371644。荧光定量PCR分析发现，在盐胁迫下MvP5CS基因表达明显上调，说明 MvP5CS与苜蓿的耐盐性相关。利用农杆菌介导的叶盘转化法，将MvP5CS基因成功转入烟草（Nicotiana tabacum），盐胁迫下转MvP5CS基因T1代烟草萌发率和根长均高于非转基因烟草。表明新牧一号苜蓿P5CS基因能够提高转基因烟草的耐盐性。