红树林细胞毒活性放线菌的筛选及其所产活性物质的初步研究

对81株具有细胞毒活性的放线菌进行分离纯化及复筛,从中得到3株具有较强细胞毒活性的放线菌菌株：095601、124382和124092.其中,菌株095601、124382所产细胞毒活性物质主要存在于菌体中,其ID50值为320;菌株124092所产细胞毒活性物质在发酵上清液和菌体中都大量存在,其ID50值为5120;这3株菌所产活性物质热稳定性良好,都易溶于甲醇.另外,菌株124092、124382所产活性物质酸碱稳定性良好;菌株095601所产活性物质的活性随pH值的变化而变化,但没有规律。     

Chondrosterins A-E, triquinane-type sesquiterpenoids from soft coral-associated fungus Chondrostereum sp

The marine fungus Chondrostereum sp. was collected from a soft coral Sarcophyton tortuosum from the South China Sea. This fungus was cultured in potato dextrose broth medium and the culture broth was extracted with EtOAc. Five new triquinane-type sesquiterpenoids, chondrosterins A-E (1-5), and the known sesquiterpenoid hirsutanol C (6), were isolated. The structures were elucidated mainly on the basis of NMR, MS, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction data. Chondrosterin A (1) showed significant cytotoxic activities against cancer lines A549, CNE2, and LoVo with IC(50) values of 2.45, 4.95, and 5.47 μM, respectively.     

Cytotoxic Activity of Semi-Synthetic Derivatives of Elatol and Isoobtusol

In the present study, the in vitro cytotoxic effects of six semi-synthetic derivatives of elatol (1) and isoobtusol (2) were investigated. Chemical modifications were performed on the hydroxyl groups aiming to get derivatives of different polarity, namely the hemisuccinate, carbamate and sulfamate. The structural elucidation of the new derivatives was based on detailed NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses. The in vitro cytotoxicity of compounds 1 to 8 was evaluated against A459 and RD tumor cell lines with CC₅₀ values ranging from 4.93 to 41.53 µM. These results suggest that the structural modifications performed on both compounds could be considered a good strategy to obtain more active derivatives.     

Eunicellin-Based Diterpenoids,Hirsutalins S–V,from the Formosan Soft Coral Cladiella hirsuta

Four new eunicellin-type hirsutalins S–V (1–4), along with a known compound (–)-6α-hydroxy polyanthellin A (5), were isolated from the soft coral Cladiella hirsuta. The structures of the metabolites were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Cytotoxity of compounds 1–5 against the proliferation of a limited panel of cancer cell lines was measured. Anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 1–5 was evaluated by measuring their ability in suppressing superoxide anion generation and elastase release in fMLP/CB-induced human neutrophils.     

斑点叉尾鮰致病菌株的鉴定及特性

菌株IP0004是从患病斑点叉尾鮰Ictalurus punctatus肝脏中分离出的一株致病菌。经形态学观察、生理生化特性分析和16S rRNA基因序列测定分析对其进行分类鉴定,确定其为类志贺邻单胞菌Plesiomonasshigelloides。该菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,极生单鞭毛,无芽孢,有荚膜;发酵葡萄糖、麦芽糖、海藻糖产酸,鸟氨酸脱羧酶、赖氨酸脱羧酶、精氨酸双水解酶、β-半乳糖甙酶、α-半乳糖甙酶为阳性;其生长盐度为0~25,pH值为5~10,最适生长温度为37℃。菌株IP0004 16S rRNA基因部分序列与类志贺邻单胞菌16SrRNA相应基因序列的同源性均大于99%,构建的系统进化树显示该菌株与类志贺邻单胞菌聚为一类。菌株IP0004的细胞毒性外膜蛋白COMP（cytotoxic outer-membrane protein）基因与类志贺邻单胞菌的COMP基因序列相似性大于99.9%,说明该菌株为类志贺邻单胞菌,具有COMP基因,有一定的致病力。药物敏感试验结果表明,菌株IP0004对头孢曲松、头孢拉定、头孢唑林、氧氟沙星敏感,而对新生霉素、利复平、复方新诺明不敏感。     

Detection of granzyme B in CD3-positive cells infiltrated in lesional skin of a dog with erythema multiforme associated with zonisamide

In human erythema multiforme (EM), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an essential role in the pathogenesis. In canine EM, immunohistochemical staining with anti-CD8 antibody using frozen sections has shown the involvement of CTLs; however, CTL infiltration has never been quantitatively analyzed. We herein quantitatively analyzed CTL infiltration by immunohistochemical staining with granzyme B and CD3 antibodies using paraffin sections of a dog with EM associated with zonisamide. The present results indicated approximately 70% of cells at the border between the epidermis and dermis consisted of CTLs. Detection of granzyme B and CD3 using paraffin sections employed in this study can be a clinically applicable method for detecting CTLs.     

An engineered anti-idiotypic antibody-derived killer peptide (KP) early activates swine inflammatory monocytes,CD3+CD16+ natural killer T cells and CD4+CD8α+ double positive CD8β+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes associated with TNF-α and IFN-γ secretion

This study evaluated the early modulation of the phenotype and cytokine secretion in swine immune cells treated with an engineered killer peptide (KP) based on an anti-idiotypic antibody functionally mimicking a yeast killer toxin. The influence of KP on specific immunity was investigated using porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) as ex vivo antigens. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy pigs were stimulated with KP and with a scramble peptide for 20 min, 1, 4 and 20 h or kept unstimulated. The cells were analyzed using flow cytometry and ELISA. The same time-periods were used for KP pre-incubation/co-incubation to determine the effect on virus-recalled interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secreting cell (SC) frequencies and single cell IFN-γ productivity using ELISPOT.KP induced an early dose-dependent shift to pro-inflammatory CD172α⁺CD14^+high monocytes and an increase of CD3⁺CD16⁺ natural killer (NK) T cells. KP triggered CD8α and CD8β expression on classical CD4⁻CD8αβ⁺ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and double positive (DP) CD4⁺CD8α⁺ Th memory cells (CD4⁺CD8α^+low CD8β^+low). A fraction of DP cells also expressed high levels of CD8α. The two identified DP CD4⁺CD8α^+high CD8β^+low/+high CTL subsets were associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IFN-γ secretion. KP markedly boosted the reactivity and cross-reactivity of PRRSV type-1- and PCV2b-specific IFN-γ SC. The results indicate the efficacy of KP in stimulating Th1-biased immunomodulation and support studies of KP as an immunomodulator or vaccine adjuvant.     

Drimane Sesquiterpene-Conjugated Amino Acids from a Marine Isolate of the Fungus Talaromyces minioluteus (Penicillium Minioluteum)

Four new sesquiterpene lactones (3, 4, 6 and 7) and three known compounds, purpuride (1), berkedrimane B (2) and purpuride B (5), were isolated from the marine fungus, Talaromyces minioluteus (Penicillium minioluteum). New compounds were drimane sesquiterpenes conjugated with N-acetyl-l-valine, and their structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data, as well as by single crystal X-ray analysis. The isolated compounds could not inhibit the apoptosis-regulating enzyme, caspase-3, while three of the compounds (2, 3 and 7) exhibited weak cytotoxic activity.     

乳酸脱氢酶释放法检测鸡自然杀伤细胞活性条件的优化

以肉仔鸡外周血自然杀伤(NK)细胞作为研究对象,探讨乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放法检测NK细胞活性中5个最为关键的影响因素,选用Yac-1淋巴瘤细胞作靶细胞.结果表明:效靶细胞比为15∶1,在含2%犊牛血清的RPMI 1640维持液中,效靶细胞于37℃、5%CO2条件下作用2 h,于37℃恒温条件下酶促反应10 min,检测波长为492 nm可获得满意结果;验证试验结果表明,优化的LDH释放法检测鸡外周血NK细胞活性的方法是可行的.