牛粪湿法厌氧消化规律及载体影响的研究

在35℃条件下，观察牛粪厌氧消化的沼气产量和生物指标的变化规律及聚丙烯网状空心球、玻璃纤维和碳纤维膜载体对牛粪厌氧消化性能的影响。结果表明：5%牛粪在厌氧发酵过程中，pH值在发酵的第3 d降到最低，在发酵的第7 d升高到7以上；沼气的产量约在发酵的第9 d达到高峰，而后逐渐降低；COD的去除主要发生在发酵的第4～8 d；发酵产物细菌数量在发酵第6 d达到高峰，在第12 d降低到一个基本相对稳定的水平；辅酶F₄₂₀活性与其细菌数量在时间和数量方面有着相同的变化规律。聚丙烯网状球形载体表面附着较多的微生物，由此延长产气高峰期，并显著提高沼气产量(p<0.05)，以及显著降低反应器厌氧微生物的流失(p<0.01)。     

Ebola virus – epidemiology,diagnosis, and control: threat to humans,lessons learnt,and preparedness plans – an update on its 40 year's journey

Ebola virus (EBOV) is an extremely contagious pathogen and causes lethal hemorrhagic fever disease in man and animals. The recently occurred Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks in the West African countries have categorized it as an international health concern. For the virus maintenance and transmission, the non-human primates and reservoir hosts like fruit bats have played a vital role. For curbing the disease timely, we need effective therapeutics/prophylactics, however, in the absence of any approved vaccine, timely diagnosis and monitoring of EBOV remains of utmost importance. The technologically advanced vaccines like a viral-vectored vaccine, DNA vaccine and virus-like particles are underway for testing against EBOV. In the absence of any effective control measure, the adaptation of high standards of biosecurity measures, strict sanitary and hygienic practices, strengthening of surveillance and monitoring systems, imposing appropriate quarantine checks and vigilance on trade, transport, and movement of visitors from EVD endemic countries remains the answer of choice for tackling the EBOV spread. Herein, we converse with the current scenario of EBOV giving due emphasis on animal and veterinary perspectives along with advances in diagnosis and control strategies to be adopted, lessons learned from the recent outbreaks and the global preparedness plans. To retrieve the evolutionary information, we have analyzed a total of 56 genome sequences of various EBOV species submitted between 1976 and 2016 in public databases.