载体对牛粪厌氧消化性能及微生物附着的影响

在30℃条件下，采用两步流动发酵方法，观察尼龙纤维、玻璃纤维和聚丙烯网状球形载体对牛粪厌氧发酵pH值、沼气产量和载体表面微生物附着的影响。实验结果表明， 随着牛粪浓度的增加，pH值有增加的趋势。反应器的沼气产量明显随着牛粪浓度的增加而提高，当牛粪浓度由5%提高到7%时，沼气产量提高12.5%，而牛粪浓度提高到10%时，沼气产量提高33.3%。在7%牛粪流动发酵期间和10%牛粪流动前期，添加尼龙纤维和玻璃纤维载体可显著提高沼气产量。扫描电镜照片显示，不同载体表面附着的微生物种类和数量不同，尼龙纤维表面附着的微生物种类和数量高于玻璃纤维和聚丙烯球形载体。     

出版科学体系和基本原理的研究（I）

通过对出版活动的深入研究，作者首次发现了出版活动中贯穿始终的文化载体，以文化载体论为核心确立了出版科学在现代科学体系的独立地位。提出了出版科学的四个层次：即出版哲学、出版学、出版技术科学和出版技术，阐述了文化载体的结构与功能、历史演化和运行规律。     

赤铁矿用于生物质化学链气化氧载体的反应性能

在鼓泡流化床反应器上以Ar气为流化介质,研究了反应温度、时间对天然铁矿石氧载体的化学反应特性的影响,并对其物理性质进行了表征。试验表明,氧载体与生物质热解产物的反应性随着温度的升高而逐渐增强,气化产物中H2、CO的含量随着温度的升高而逐渐增加,CH4、CO2的含量随着温度的升高而逐渐降低;随着反应时间的增加,氧载体活性逐渐下降,合成气中热解气含量逐渐升高。铁矿石热重试验表明,在惰性氛围下(Ar),氧载体不会释放晶格氧。利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜分析了反应前后氧载体颗粒的化学成分及微观形貌,分析表明,Fe2O3的还原产物主要是FeO,天然铁矿石氧载体随着温度的增加,其颗粒表面的结焦现象越明显。试验结果表明将天然铁矿石用于生物质化学链气化过程是可行的。     

载体对牛粪厌氧消化性能及微生物附着的影响

在30℃条件下,采用两步流动发酵方法,观察尼龙纤维、玻璃纤维和聚丙烯网状球形载体对牛粪厌氧发酵pH值、沼气产量和载体表面微生物附着的影响。实验结果表明,随着牛粪浓度的增加,pH值有增加的趋势。反应器的沼气产量明显随着牛粪浓度的增加而提高,当牛粪浓度由5％提高到7％时,沼气产量提高12．5％,而牛粪浓度提高到10％时,沼气产量提高33．3％。在7％牛粪流动发酵期间和10％牛粪流动前期,添加尼龙纤维和玻璃纤维载体可显著提高沼气产量。扫描电镜照片显示,不同载体表面附着的微生物种类和数量不同,尼龙纤维表面附着的微生物种类和数量高于玻璃纤维和聚丙烯球形载体。     

Therapeutic Potential of Hemoglobin Derived from the Marine Worm Arenicola marina (M101): A Literature Review of a Breakthrough Innovation

Oxygen (O₂) is indispensable for aerobic respiration and cellular metabolism. In case of injury, reactive oxygen species are produced, causing oxidative stress, which triggers cell damaging chemical mediators leading to ischemic reperfusion injuries (IRI). Sufficient tissue oxygenation is necessary for optimal wound healing. In this context, several hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers have been developed and tested, especially as graft preservatives for transplant procedures. However, most of the commercially available O₂ carriers increase oxidative stress and show some adverse effects. Interestingly, the hemoglobin derived from the marine lugworm Arenicola marina (M101) has been presented as an efficient therapeutic O₂ carrier with potential anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, it has demonstrated promise as a supplement to conventional organ preservatives by reducing IRI. This review summarizes the properties and various applications of M101. M101 is an innovative oxygen carrier with several beneficial therapeutic properties, and further research must be carried out to determine its efficacy in the management of different pathologies.     

In infectious pancreatic necrosis virus carrier Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., post-smolts, almost all kidney macrophages ex vivo contain a low level of non-replicating virus

The level of infection by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) of kidney macrophages from 12 asymptomatic carrier Atlantic salmon post-smolts was studied. Kidney leucocytes were fractionated on 34/51% Percoll gradients, allowed to adhere to plastic wells overnight, washed to remove non-adherent cells and cultured for up to 7 days with or without renewal of medium on day 3. On day 1, supernatants were harvested, macrophages were counted, lysed and IPNV in the supernatants and lysates was titred in chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cells. The multiplicity of infection ranged between 1:2.2 and 1:7.4 (virus:macrophages). On day 3, the titres of IPNV in macrophage lysates decreased and in wells where the medium was renewed on day 3, IPNV was no longer detectable on day 7. In the supernatants, one fish was positive for IPNV on day 1, four fish on day 3 but none were detectably positive on day 7. In parallel wells in which the medium was not renewed, on day 7 IPNV was detected in macrophage lysates of three fish and the supernatants were also IPNV positive in two of these fish. This suggests that virus might be shed from infected macrophages and then reinfect other macrophages. When macrophages were serially diluted in wells and cultured for 24 h, IPNV could be cultured from macrophage lysates of wells containing between two and 70 macrophages. These results indicate that a very high proportion of the adherent kidney macrophages must be infected with very few non-replicating virions.     

植物生长素运输载体研究进展

生长素运输载体通过影响极性运输而作用于植物组织器官的形成、生长等过程.植物中存在三种类型生长素运输载体:AUX1(Auxin Resistant)蛋白、PIN (PIN-FORMED)蛋白家族和MDR/PGP(Multidrug-Resistant/P-glycoprotein)蛋白家族.对拟南芥、玉米、水稻中生长素运输载体的最新研究进行了综述,并对未来可能研究领域提出了展望.     

挥发性风味物质在碳水化合物中释放与保留的研究进展

风味的优劣逐渐成为食品能否得到消费者青睐的重要参考指标。碳水化合物作为食品主要营养成分之一,已被发现其对食品中挥发性风味化合物的保留与释放会产生显著的影响。本文综述了碳水化合物与风味化合物的作用方式,并分别从碳水化合物、风味化合物2种角度对挥发性风味物质在碳水化合物基质中释放与保留的影响因素进行了阐述,以期为风味物质在碳水化合物基质中的可控释放提供科学依据和参考。     

复合滤料BAF内氮素污染物转化及特性研究

当水力停留时间(HRT)为8 h时,以陶粒填料曝气生物滤池(BAF)(简写为HBAF-PC)为对照组,考察了陶粒/竹丝复合填料BAF(简写为HBAF-FBPC)对氮素污染物转化效果及生物特性。结果表明,HBAF-FBPC和HBAF-PC对TN去除率分别为70.2%~95.7%和32.5%~67.1%,HBAF-PC出水NO3--N质量浓度介于15.2~48.8 mg/L之间,而HBAF-FBPC出水NO_3~--N质量浓度稳定低于14.5 mg/L;相对于HBAF-PC而言,HBAF-FBPC具有更低的NO_2~--N积累质量浓度。而且因为竹丝的存在,HBAF-FBPC中具有更快的美人蕉生长速率、更高质量浓度的内含物和更丰富的指示性微生物。复合滤料BAF处理生活污水是可行的。