象山港海洋牧场规划区叶绿素a分布特征研究

为了对象山港海洋牧场规划区初级生产力情况进行了解,并为其牧场建设效果评价提供依据,在2011年的4月、7月和11月对浙江省象山港海洋牧场规划区内22个站点的叶绿素a、水体混合稳定度、水温、水体及沉积物中营养盐含量等生态因子进行了现场观测和实验测定,并进行了相关性分析。结果显示：调查海区叶绿素a分布具有明显的季节变化：4月〖JP3〗（4.62 mg/m3）>7月（3.57 mg/m3）>11月(3.11 mg/m3）。〖JP〗水平分布上,各季节叶绿素a的分布趋势均为由湾底向湾口逐渐降低;垂直分布上,3个月份表、底层叶绿素a浓度差为7月〖JP3〗（3.02 mg/m3）>4月（1.93 mg/m3）>11月（1.61 mg/m3）〖JP〗。与环境因子的相关性分析表明：叶绿素a的分布与浊度、水温、盐度及活性磷酸盐的相关性显著,〖JP3〗3个季度的叶绿素a含量均与势能异常系数(PEAP)负相关。调查海区表层沉积物氮磷〖JP〗营养盐丰富,为此探讨了在研究海域建设人工鱼礁可以降低水体混合稳定度,促进营养盐的再生,并可能促进浮游植物的生长,从而有助于海域初级生产力水平的提高。     

近20 a来新疆植被覆盖变化特征研究

以前人提取的近20a(1982—2000年)植被覆盖度指数FVC为基础数据,根据新疆不同的自然地理区域和地貌类型,采用分区海拔的方法对FVC影像进行分类。对各地理区域植被的变化采用距平处理,初步定量分析了新疆植被的变化状况。结果表明,近20a来新疆无论是山地还是平原,高植被覆盖度的绿洲和森林面积均有所增加。以地区论,伊犁地区植被覆盖变化幅度最小,状况最为稳定;东疆地区绿洲与高覆盖度植被稳定,低覆盖度植被变化幅度相对较大;北疆平原地区绿洲面积增加,高覆盖度植被和无植被区面积减少;北疆山地森林植被增加,不同时间增加的速率不同,高覆盖度植被与森林的变化呈一定的相互转换关系;南疆地区绿洲面积显著增加,与此相对应的是高、中覆盖度草地的面积下降,山地荒漠面积近年来有所增加,森林和高覆盖度草地面积也有所增加。从植被类型转换方式来看,在平原区,绿洲与中、高覆盖度草地面积之间具有强烈负相关;而山区的植被类型转换多发生在无植被区与低、中覆盖度草地之间或高覆盖度草地和森林之间。人工绿洲面积的变化成为新疆平原区植被类型变化的重要因素,南北疆绿洲面积增加的同时,中、高覆盖度植被减少,即绿洲与沙漠之间过渡带的植被面积减少。     

基于聚类和异常检测的作物监测数据预处理研究

针对作物建模过程中监测数据存在的时间段识别分段以及异常数据问题,研究自动、有效的数据预处理方法,以期为后续分析和建模提供可靠的样本。采用改进后的聚类分析对监测获得的多维时间序列数据进行分类,进而获得连续、全面、均匀的时间段,在此基础上,根据样本数据规模选择合适的异常检测准则,用于异常数据检测和处理。通过对黑豆以及番茄、南瓜、黄瓜等作物监测数据的聚类分析及异常检测处理,高效地筛选出适合分析和建模的数据样本集。研究表明,聚类分析与异常检测相结合的数据预处理方法有效避免了作物监测实验中存在的误差和干扰,提高了数据分析与建模的质量和效率,在作物模型尤其是小样本作物模型的研究和应用中具有潜力。     

CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN IN FERRETS

Vertebral column pathologies requiring surgical intervention have been described in pet ferrets, however little information is available on the normal vertebral formula and congenital variants in this species. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe vertebral formulas and prevalence of congenital vertebral anomalies in a sample of pet ferrets. Radiographs of 172 pet ferrets (96 males and 76 females) were included in this retrospective study. In 143 ferrets (83.14%), five different formulas of the vertebral column were recorded with normal morphology of vertebrae (rib attachment included) but with a variable number of thoracic (Th), lumbar (L), and sacral (S) vertebrae. The number of cervical (C) vertebrae was constant in all examined animals. Observed vertebral formulas were C7/Th14/L6/S3 (51.74%), C7/Th14/L6/S4 (22.10%), C7/Th14/L7/S3 (6.98%), C7/Th15/L6/S3 (1.74%), and C7/Th15/L6/S4 (0.58%). Formula C7/Th14/L6/S4 was significantly more common in males than in females (P < 0.05). Congenital spinal abnormalities were found in 29 ferrets (16.86%), mostly localized in the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral regions. The cervical region was affected in only one case. Transitional vertebrae represented the most common congenital abnormalities (26 ferrets) in the thoracolumbar (13 ferrets) and lumbosacral regions (10 ferrets) or simultaneously in both regions (three ferrets). Other vertebral anomalies included block (two ferrets) and wedge vertebra (one ferret). Spina bifida was not detected. Findings from the current study indicated that vertebral formulas may vary in ferrets and congenital abnormalities are common. This should be taken into consideration for surgical planning.     

Congenital Pelger-Huët anomaly in a horse

Abstract A 1.5‐year‐old male Arabian horse was referred to the Louisiana State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Clinic for an open deep laceration involving two thirds of the right trunk. The initial CBC results included an inflammatory leukogram, characterized by a marked degenerative left shift consisting of only immature band neutrophils (7500/μL, reference interval 0–100/μL) with toxic changes and no segmented neutrophils (0/μL, reference interval 2700–6700/μL). On abdominal ultrasonography, free abdominal fluid was found and collected for analysis. Abdominal fluid had a marked increase in total nucleated cells (40,600 cells/μL) consisting of 74% nondegenerate neutrophils that all were hyposegmented, with mature condensed chromatin. Re‐evaluation of neutrophil morphology on the initial blood smear confirmed hyposegmentation and mature condensed chromatin, similar to that observed in cells in the abdominal fluid. A diagnosis of Pelger‐Huët anomaly (PHA) was made in this colt. Congenital PHA was documented on the basis of persistent neutrophil hyposegmentation on serial blood smears, ruling out of acquired causes of PHA, and findings of similar neutrophil hyposegmentation on blood smears from the colt's sire and the sire's siblings. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of congenital PHA in a horse.     

Congenital bilateral aplasia of the metacarpophalangeal joints in a foal

A 2‐day‐old Warmblood filly was presented for examination of an angular limb deformity of the left front limb and an upright conformation of both metacarpophalangeal joints. Radiological examination revealed bilateral absence of the metacarpophalangeal joint space with fusion of the third metacarpal bone and first phalanx (synostosis). No treatment was undertaken. The filly was readmitted to the clinic 10 weeks later for bilateral front limb lameness. On radiological examination, the synostosis of the front metacarpophalangeal joints was still present. Physitis of the distal growth plate of the right third metacarpal bone and proximal growth plate of the right proximal phalanx, and an avulsion fracture of the palmaromedial and proximal aspect of the left middle phalanx, with a cystic like lesion on the medial aspect of distal first phalanx and proximal middle phalanx were diagnosed. Given the poor prognosis, the foal was subjected to euthanasia. Post mortem examination confirmed the absence of the metacarpophalangeal joint space with a trabecular bony union between the third metacarpal bone and the first phalanx. A rudimentary joint capsule was present at the level of the absent joints as well as a small zone of articular cartilage, which invaginated over a short distance into the dorsal trabecular bone on the right front limb. On the medial aspect of the left proximal interphalangeal joint, a focal defect of articular cartilage with exposure of subchondral bone was observed. This is the first case report of a foal born with congenital aplasia of both metacarpophalangeal joints. Congenital malformations should be considered as differential diagnosis in lame foals or foals born with angular or flexural limb deformities.     

Genetic analysis of optic nerve head coloboma in the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever identifies discordance with the NHEJ1 intronic deletion (collie eye anomaly mutation)

Collie eye anomaly (CEA) encompasses a spectrum of different ophthalmic phenotypes from clinically inconsequential choroidal hypoplasia to blindness from coloboma of the optic nerve head (ONH). A previous study found a 7.8‐kb deletion in intron 4 of the NHEJ1 gene to be associated with CEA. A genetic test based on this association is recommended for many breeds, including the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever (NSDTR). Collection of ONH coloboma‐affected NSDTR showed lack of concordance of the NHEJ1 intronic deletion with ONH coloboma. Using genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping in 7 ONH coloboma‐affected NSDTR cases and 47 unaffected NSDTR controls with no ophthalmic signs, one SNP, located on chromosome 7, demonstrated genomewide significance. However, high genomic inflation may have confounded the results. Therefore, the genomewide association study was repeated using EMMAX to control for population structure in the cohort of 7 cases and 47 controls. However, no regions of the genome were significantly associated with ONH coloboma. These results failed to document significant association with the CEA locus. Due to the complex genetic etiology of ONH coloboma, the NHEJ1 intronic deletion test results should be carefully considered when making breeding decisions. If the goal is to select for visually competent dogs, our data suggest that eye examinations of puppies would be more effective as a guide in selection of breeding pairs than relying solely on currently available genetic tests.     

DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS AND ANATOMY OF CONGENITAL INTRAHEPATIC ARTERIOPORTAL FISTULA IN A PUPPY

A dilated, tortuous blood vessel was identified sonographically in the right medial liver lobe in a puppy with severe ascites. This vessel was thought to represent the dilated right medial portal vein branch. Using pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography, retrograde, abnormally pulsatile flow was detected in both the dilated right medial portal vein branch and the main portal vein. The right medial liver lobe was surgically resected then fixed in formalin. Silicon rubber was injected and outlined the connection between the portal vein and hepatic artery.     

Relationship of Late Embryo Loss and Anomalies in Broiler Offspring

A previous study of Mississippi broiler complexes indicated a significant increase (0.640 to 1.77%) of embryonic total gross anatomical anomalies (TA) in the hatch residue. A separate field study in a single broiler complex of 8 breeder flocks, each hatching in 2 machines on the same day, illustrated a positive correlation between TA and total late stage embryo loss (TLEL; 16 to 21 d of incubation). The current study examined egg hatch residue from 92 selected breeder flocks that were hatched in each of 2 machines on the same date, with each respective machine being identified during egg residue analysis as having either low or high TLEL. Five makes of multistage incubational units were utilized within 10 different hatcheries in 7 states. The eggs were from breeders that comprised 32 weekly age groups (wk 27 to 61) and 5 separate strain crosses. When the egg residue results from the 92 flocks (hatching in 184 machines) were placed into 1 of 2 groups according to level (low and high) of TLEL, the high TLEL group showed a significantly lower estimated hatching efficiency (EHF) and significantly higher levels of TA and embryo head misorientations toward the small end of the egg than did the low TLEL group. The percentage change in EHF was 1.28% between eggs belonging to low (93.8%) and high (92.6%) TLEL groups. Also, TLEL in both low and high groups was significantly (P ≤ 0.0001) correlated with EHF, TA, total cracked or crushed eggs, and with eggs having embryo heads misoriented toward the small end. These results strongly suggest that TA plays a minor role, if at all, as a cause of lower EHF and that TA incidence may serve as a biomarker for hatching efficiency.     

典型干旱指数在滦河流域的适用性评价

利用1957-2010年滦河流域9个代表气象站逐月降水量资料及滦河三道河子、韩家营、承德、下板城和滦县站的1956-2000年逐月天然径流量资料,分别应用降水距平百分率、标准化降水指数（SPI）、降水Z指数及径流距平百分率,评价滦河流域干旱情况,并比较4种干旱指数的评价效果。结果表明：降水距平百分率反映干旱程度较轻;与降水Z指数相比,SPI指数能较客观地反映滦河流域干旱程度,3种气象干旱指数在滦河流域的适用性评价结果SPI]指数优于降水Z指数和降水距平百分率;而径流距平百分率的水文干旱指数评价结果与实际旱情更为吻合。但是,这4种干旱指标缺乏综合性和机理性,尚需加强降水、气温、蒸发、径流量等因素的综合考虑,提出反映干旱内在机理的指标。