几种新型杀菌剂对菜豆炭疽病菌的室内毒力测定

采用生长速率法,测定了咪鲜胺锰盐、福·福锌、苯醚·溴菌腈、二氢蒽醌、苯醚甲环唑和多福·溴菌腈等6种新型化学药剂对菜豆炭疽病菌的生长抑制作用。结果表明,6种化学药剂对菜豆炭疽病菌均具有抑制作用,其中80%福·福锌可湿性粉剂和10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂的抑菌效果最好,浓度为1 000 mg·L~(-1)时的抑菌率分别达到了77.68%和72.96%,EC_(50)分别为212.41 mg·L~(-1)和296.83 mg·L~(-1)。因此,80%福·福锌可湿性粉剂和10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂可作为田间防治菜豆炭疽病的候选药剂。     

多种植物活性物质混配剂对瓜类白粉病病菌毒力测定和药效试验

为了利用植物资源中所具有的杀虫、杀菌、抗病毒和除草等特性的天然活性物质,达到不破坏生态环境、延缓靶标生物抗药性的目的,从黄柏皮、大黄、松脂、芦荟、皂角、苦楝根等多种植物中提取活性物质并混配加工成水剂,对黄瓜白粉病病菌进行毒力测定,并研究了黄瓜、南瓜、西瓜白粉病田间药效试验及安全性评价。结果表明:多种植物活性物质混配剂对黄瓜白粉病的侵染有较强抑制作用,其抑制活性EC_(50)值为5.981 7;对黄瓜、南瓜、西瓜白粉病的防效随着使用浓度的增加而增强,稀释400倍对黄瓜、南瓜和西瓜白粉病的防效分别达75.8%、76.7%和78.1%,施用后对以上瓜类生长安全。     

几种微量元素对动物生殖毒性的研究进展

随着微量元素饲料添加剂的广泛应用,其对动物的生殖毒性已经引起了人们的关注。文章就微量元素氟、砷?锰?镍、硒对动物生殖的毒性作用作了简要的综述。     

Toxicokinetics of the active doxorubicin metabolite, doxorubicinol, in sulphur-crested cockatoos (Cacatua galerita)

The pharmacokinetics of doxorubicinol, a cytotoxic metabolite of the anticancer drug, doxorubicin, were studied in four healthy sulphur-crested cockatoos (Cacatua galerita) after a 20 min intravenous infusion of 2 mg/kg. Plasma doxorubicinol concentrations were measured by HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a non-compartmental method. The mean (+/- SD) peak concentration was 8341 +/- 3132 microg/L at 17.5 +/- 5.0 min after the start of the infusion, and doxorubicinol concentrations declined biexponentially to 154.3 +/- 34.5 microg/L, 40 min after the end of the infusion. Systemic clearance was 0.940 +/- 0.473 L/h/kg, mean residence time was 0.165 +/- 0.133 h, and steady-state volume of distribution was 0.123 +/- 0.0526 L/kg. The terminal half-life was 0.660 +/- 0.611 h. Detectible but unquantifiable concentrations of doxorubicinol were present in the plasma ultrafiltrate of two birds during the infusion, indicating very extensive plasma protein binding. Physiological, haematological and biochemical monitoring over 3 weeks showed that doxorubicinol at a single infused dose of 2 mg/kg caused no toxicities of major concern.     

稻虱净对家蚕毒性和安全性评估

在稻桑混栽区，施用浓度约１０００ｐｐｍ稻虱净时，将被污染的桑叶饲蚕，或在实验室用约１０００ｐｐｍ稻虱净从一龄蚕连续添毒，均能对家蚕造成慢性中毒，发生迟眠蚕，多营下茧和烂茧，全茧量、茧层量显著下降。     

Toxicity and biochemical action of amicarthiazol on citrus canker pathogen, Xanthomonas citri ex Hasse

Inhibitory effects of amicarthiazol, in vitro, against the growth of seven plant bacterial pathogens and its biochemical actions on Xanthomonas citri were investigated. The growth of Erwinia carotovora, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Pseudomonas syringe pv. syringae was not sensitive to amicarthiazol whilst Xanthomonads were all strongly inhibited in NB liquid medium; EC₅₀ of X. citri was 2.63 μg ml⁻¹ and the effectiveness of amicarthiazol depended on the timing of application. The inhibitions on the secretion of gross EPS and gross EPR as well as the activities of amylase, cellulase, and pectase of X. citri were increased with the concentrations of amicarthiazol, whereas the conductivities of the extracellular product suspensions and the protease activity were somewhat accelerated by the concentration less than 10 or 20 μg ml⁻¹ and inhibited only at higher concentration. EPS which was purified from X. citri showed obvious antagonistic effects on the inhibition of amicarthiazol, but not on the inhibition of Cu(OH)₂. The endogenous respirations and the activity of succinic dehydrogenase of X. citri were also inhibited and the inhibitions were increased with the toxic concentrations. Furthermore, the potential induced physiological adaptability of X. citri to amicarthiazol and the comparison with Cu(OH)₂ and carboxin were also discussed.     

灭虫精对西施舌幼贝的毒性试验

在静水条件下,进行灭虫精对西施舌幼贝的毒性试验,试验结果显示:灭虫精对西施舌幼贝24 h致死浓度LC100为400 ms／L,半数致死浓度LC100为250 mg/L,安全浓度为2．50mg／L;48h致死浓度为260 mg／L,半数致死浓度LC50为224ms／L,安全浓度为2．24mg／L。灭虫精用于西施舌人工育苗过程中桡足类等敌害生物防治,具有较强的可用性。根据试验结果,建议使用2 mg／L浓度的灭虫精进行防治,可达到显著效果。     

Effects of deltamethrin on hematological parameters and enzymatic activity in Ancistrus multispinis (Pisces, Teleostei)

Deltamethrin (DM) is a pyrethroid insecticide widely used in Brazilian crops and in pest-control programs because of its low environmental persistence and toxicity. It has been shown to exert a wide range of effects on non-targeted organisms including fishes. The aim of this study to evaluate the effects of deltamethrin through the hematological and biochemical parameters using Ancistrus multispinis as animal model. First, blood of A. multispinis was collected by cardiac puncture in order to evaluate the basal values of the total cell counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit rates. A. multispinis showed low number leukocytes, red blood cells and hemoglobin compared to other species. The intoxication with DM (0.1 or 0.3 mg kg⁻¹) induced leukocytosis and increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin levels 96 h after the injection when compared to vehicle-injected animals. The injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also induced a significant leukocytosis and increased the erythrocytes number 4 h after the injection. The combination of the higher dose of DM with LPS showed an additional effect in the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes. The GST and EROD activities were also evaluated in the gills and liver, respectively, 96 h after intoxication with both doses of DM. The GST activity decreased after DM intoxication in both doses while EROD activity was not significantly different. These results suggest that A. multispinis is a valuable model for ecotoxicological studies. Also, DM can affect the metabolizing system (GST) and immunologic system of A. multispinis, a condition that can be worsened in the presence of inflammation or infection.     

二甲基甲酰胺对家蚕毒性试验

二甲基甲酰胺对家蚕的毒性较低，只有在很高的浓度食下时才表现出急性中毒死亡，并且随着龄期的增加，家蚕的耐毒性增加，3龄蚕比2龄蚕有更强的耐毒性。低浓度的二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）对家蚕生命率和经济性状都没有显著影响。DMF对家蚕的毒性有积累作用，3龄期连续添毒稀释10倍的DMF原液24h没有观察到急性中毒死亡，但连续添毒90h后，可最终导致家蚕中毒死亡。     

65%桑用毒死蜱乳油对家蚕的毒性试验

通过2007年春季65％桑用毒死蜱乳油的家蚕毒性饲养试验，发现在1000～4000倍使用浓度范围内，间隔3-5d家蚕表现急性中毒死亡；间隔6-8d家蚕中毒死亡率随浓度增高而增高，随浓度降低，家蚕中毒死亡龄次逐步延后，出现积累性中毒症状，同等有效剂量，桑用乳油的生活力和茧质指标明显好于一般乳油；间隔14～16d后，各处理的生活力和茧质指标与不喷药对照无显著差异存在。65％桑用乳油2000倍喷药，安全用叶间隔期春季推荐为15～20d；秋季为20～25d。