梁平县乡镇饮用水源地水体变化分析

根据2011年梁平县乡镇饮用水源地有关水质参数的变化,结合当地实际情况,对饮用水源地中总氮、总磷和化学需氧量的变化进行研究,结果表明,饮用水源地中总氮、总磷和化学需氧量偏高。     

甘薯煮食过程的排污研究

[目的]研究甘薯煮食过程形成污染物的量和各污染物浓度。[方法]模拟生活中人们煮甘薯的过程并收集该过程中产生的6种潜在污染样品,分别测定这些样品的COD、BOD5、TN、TP、NH3-N的含量,得出各项指标确定甘薯食用过程的产污系数。[结果]生甘薯的COD、BOD5、TN、TP含量稍大于煮甘薯,而NH3-H含量则小于煮甘薯。[结论]该研究为制定食品加工过程产污系数提供了理论指导。     

Hepatoprotective effects of polyprenols from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

The hepatoprotective effects of polyprenols from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves were evaluated against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage in Sprague-Dawley rats. The elevated levels of serum ALT, AST, ALP, ALB, TP, HA, LN, TG, and CHO were restored towards normalization significantly by GBP in a dose dependent manner. The biochemical observations were supplemented with histopathological examination of rat liver sections. Meanwhile, GBP also produced a significant and dose-dependent reversal of CCl₄-diminished activity of the antioxidant enzymes and reduced CCl₄-elevated level of MDA. In general, the effects of GBP were not significantly different from those of the standard drug Essentiale.     

茶多酚的免疫调节作用及应用

茶多酚是茶叶中多酚类化合物的总称,具有广泛的生理活性.茶多酚能诱导动物免疫系统的多种细胞因子,促进干扰素、白细胞介素等的合成,具有清除体内自由基、抗脂质过氧化作用,能激活巨噬细胞(Mф)、自然杀伤(NK)细胞和B、T淋巴细胞,激活补体系统,提高抗体水平.茶多酚在抗氧化、抑菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、防辐射、降血糖和血脂及改善动物生产性能等方面具有广泛的应用前景.     

竹材化学浆中段废水处理工程技术优化

从优化生物处理系统和更换新型混凝药剂2个方面入手,对35 000 m3/d竹材制浆废水处理工程进行了技术优化,同时对系统的氮、磷降解规律进行了研究。研究结果表明,初沉池、均衡池内的水解作用可促进竹浆废水中NH3-N的释放。好氧池停止尿素添加、补加磷酸盐,更有利于好氧微生物的生长,可提高废水处理效果。当二沉池出水的化学耗氧量(COD)约为200 mg/L时,以自制高效混凝剂(PFDAC)替代聚合氯化铝(PAC),用量1.5 kg/m3,助凝剂阴离子聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)用量为5 mg/L时,气浮处理后出水样COD为66~89 mg/L,气浮COD去除率达到55%以上,色度则降至10~30,总氮(TN)≤10.0 mg/L,氨氮(NH3-N)≤3.00 mg/L,总磷(TP)≤0.5 mg/L,其主要指标完全满足新国标GB 3544—2008。     

精确滴灌施肥技术对大棚土壤盐渍化和氮磷流失控制的研究

针对温室大棚盐渍化土壤灌水洗盐而导致的农业面源污染问题,以常规肥水管理方式为对照,在上海崇明东滩温室大棚采用土壤次生盐渍化监测、灌水洗盐过程模拟和农作物生产试验等方法研究精确滴灌施肥技术在降低土壤次生盐渍化程度和减少农田氮磷流失中的作用。结果表明,滴灌施肥技术可有效降低农田表层土壤的盐分积累速度,以此降低洗盐频次,进而显著削减温室大棚因灌水洗盐而引起的氮磷流失负荷。当滴灌施肥区洗盐频次降低为常规区的一半时,总氮、总磷、硝氮和氨氮的年流失负荷较常规方式削减45％-53％,而作物产量基本可以保持;当洗盐频次降低为常规区的1／4时,总氮、总磷、硝氮和氨氮的年流失负荷的削减率达58％-75％,但后茬作物减产明显。     

四种城市绿化乔木树种污染物去除效果研究

污染水体土壤生物修复工程技术具有成本低、环境友好以及维护方便等优点,在世界各地人工湿地处理、河岸生态修复以及土地处理系统方面得到了十分广泛的应用,但以往的研究主要针对的是草本植物,对适合我国北方城市林业建设的乔木树种很少研究。因此,在分析已有成果的基础上,筛选了杨树、枫杨、水杉、柳树4种适宜北方城市森林建设的常见树种,于2008年7月到9月进行了室外盆栽污水灌溉试验。结果表明,4种乔木对污染物都表现出较好的去除能力。总体来看,对TN的去除能力,枫杨>杨树>水杉>柳树;对TP的去除能力,杨树>枫杨>水杉>柳树;对COD的去除能力,柳树>枫杨>水杉>杨树。     

Dynamics of TN and TP in the Backwater Region of the Linjiang River in the Three Gorge Reservoir

Based on monitoring data of water quality and river runoff from 2007 to 2008, the dynamics of TN and TP transported into the backwater region of the Linjiang River were investigated and fluxes of TN and TP were also estimated. It was shown that the dynamic changes of TN and TP were significant. The concentration of TP in rainy seasons was higher than that in dry seasons, while the cases for TN was contrary. The fluxes of TN and TP were significantly higher in rainy seasons than those in dry seasons. On average, there were about 4 142 t TN and 455 t TP transported into the backwater region of the Linjiang River every year. And TN flux decreased by 32.7% from 2007 to 2008, while TP flux increased by 34.3%, which was in agreement with the inter annual variation of the concentrations of TN and TP. TN flux was primarily influenced by river runoff, whereas TP flux was affected by both concentration and runoff. Further analyses indicated that TN was mainly caused by point source pollutants(dominated by NH3N, and then DON). On the contrary, TP was mainly caused by plane source pollutants(dominated by PO34P). It was also indicated that it was critical to control the point source pollution in the basin to promote the water quality of the backwater region of the Linjiang River.     

人工湿地系统对农业面源污染TN/TP的消减作用——以安吉县深溪河小流域为例

为了解在浙北山区小流域特定的自然条件下,人工水塘-湿地复合系统对农业面源污染的治理效果,通过连续采样和跟踪监测的方法,研究了安吉县深溪河小流域内人工水塘-湿地耦合系统对农业面源污染中TN和TP等污染物的削减效果。结果表明：2012年5—10月中张溪人工水塘进水TN浓度为3.7~6.4 mg/L,对TN的去除率为9.9%~63.4%,且去除效果受进水TN浓度的影响较大;中张溪人工渠进水TN浓度在2.5~5.1 mg/L之间,对TN的去除率为5.0%~48.1%;洪家村人工塘和深溪村人工塘对农田水TP去除率均在30%以上,且在人工塘进水TP浓度较高的时期,去除效果较好;洪家村深溪河下游湿地对污染水体TN、TP的净化效果较好,对TN的去除率为25.0%~96.0%,对TP的去除率为21.8%~98.1%。该区人工水塘-湿地复合系统全年平均TN去除率达到60.4%,最高达到86.8%,平均TP去除率为78.6%,最高达94.9%,对深溪河流域面源污染的治理具有较好的效果。     

垂柳幼苗秋季去除富营养化污水中的氮磷能力的研究

研究了垂柳1 a生幼苗秋季84 d在TN浓度含量分别为2.03、0.04、0.0和80.0 mg/L,TP浓度分别为0.4、8.0、15.0和25.0 mg/L的模拟富营养化污水中的生长状况、形态变化,及其对不同浓度富营养化水中的总氮、总磷的净化效果。结果表明:垂柳对富营养化水适应性较强,在各种浓度的富营养化水中生长状况一般至良好,株高、叶片数均有不同的增长,但基径变细,对各组污水中TN、TP均有较好的净化作用,平均去除率分别为15.61%和26.91%,是值得大力推广应用的净化富营养化水中氮磷的湿生树种。