钾素供应水平与甘蔗吸收效应研究

通过钾素供应水平与甘蔗苗期基部混合组织、＋３叶片、＋５叶鞘含钾量以及蔗茎产量之间的关系研究表明：甘蔗幼嫩组织含钾量因土壤供钾水平不同而存在明显差异，株龄３～４月时，＋３叶片全钾及＋５叶鞘汁液水溶性钾含量与土壤速效钾供应水平有显著的相关性。在正常供水条件下（叶片水分含量＞６５％，叶鞘水分含量＞８０％），当苗期基部混合组织汁液水溶性Ｋ＜１７００×１０－６，伸长期＋３叶片全钾（干基）＜１．３５％、＋５叶鞘汁液水溶性Ｋ＜６５０×１０－６时，提高钾素供应水平，蔗株组织含钾量和蔗茎产量都随之提高。这些组织含钾量能反映出钾素营养供应的丰缺状况。     

桑树喷施磷酸二氢钾替代春季摘芯效果试验

通过试验得出，春期桑园喷施磷酸二氢钾不仅可以提高桑叶产量和实力利用率，还可以改善桑叶叶质。较春叶摘芯起到更好的效果。本文还提出了该药剂的实用喷施方法。     

The effects of delays between restraint and sampling on some blood parameters in sheep

Twenty three non pregnant, non lactating aged Merino and Border Leicester ewes were subject to four jugular venipunctures one hour apart (times 0, 1, 2 and 3). Four different delay intervals of 12.5, 64.0, 128.0 and 252.9 seconds between catching and sampling (delays 1, 2, 3 and 4) were used on each sheep in a random manner. Estimates were made of packed cell volumes (PCVs), plasma and erythrocyte sodium and potassium concentrations. The mean PCV at time 0 of 35.4 per cent was significantly higher than the levels of 33.1, 31.8 and 32.2 per cent at times 1, 2 and 3 respectively. There was no significant difference between the means at times 1, 2 and 3. The mean plasma potassium concentrations at time 0 of 4.37 mmol/l was significantly higher than the levels of 4.16 and 4.14 mmol/l at times 1 and 3 respectively. Delays had no significant effects on the means of any of the parameters studied. The findings strongly suggest that sheep become excited by initial handling but not by subsequent venipunctures and that a delay between catching and sampling of between 12.5 and 252.9 second has no effect on the blood constituents studied.     

饲喂不同日粮的山羊尿沉渣晶体的化学组成和显微形态

采集饲喂棉饼、玉米粉、麸皮、豆饼四种常见日粮的山羊尿样，应用化学定性分析、Ｘ－射线衍射物相分析、Ｘ－射线能谱分析和扫描电子显微镜观察等手段分别进行尿沉渣晶体的化学组成和显微形态的分析和观察。结果表明，饲喂棉饼日粮和麸皮日粮时山羊尿沉渣晶体的化学组成为磷酸钾镁，显微开矿为斜方柱状；饲喂玉米日粮时为碳酸镁，形态为长方柱状；饲喂豆饼日粮时为碳酸钙（方解石），形态为短方柱状。最后，还对几种尿沉渣晶体的生成     

厩肥、秸秆和绿肥的含钾状况及其对土壤和作物钾素的供应能力

以常用有机肥料牛厩肥、猪厩肥、鸡粪及作物秸秆、油菜绿肥为材料，研究了这些有机物的全钾、速效钾和缓效钾的含量状况，以及它们对土壤钾及作物吸钾的供应能力。结果表明：（１）三种有机烘肥及作物秸秆、绿肥中含钾量为０．８５％～４．５０％，其中有３２．７％～６９．７％为速效态钾，１．７％～２５．０％为缓效态钾；（２）肥料与土壤共同培养１５０ｄ后，约有５０％～８０％的速效态钾和缓效态钾仍以两种形态存在于土壤之中     

烟草含钾量反射仪-钾离子试纸法快速测定研究初报

比较了反射仪—K 试纸法(K ts-fl)、原子吸收光谱法、ICP-aeS法测定烟株叶脉汁液中的K 含量的三种方法,确定反射仪—K 试纸法测定烟株钾含量的可行性及其最佳测定范围;在烤烟不同生育期,应用反射仪—K 试纸法对烟株叶片不同部位含K 水平的测定,确定其最佳测定时期及部位。研究结果表明,反射仪—K 试纸法与原子吸收光谱法、ICP-aeS法测定结果差异不显著,应用反射仪—K 试纸法进行烟株钾素快速诊断可行,且具有时间短,简单快速,易操作等优点。反射仪测定K 的稳定线性范围是0.30～0.9g/L;在不同时期对烟株不同部位测定研究表明,最佳诊断部位为烟株第二平展叶叶脉基部2cm段。     

不同钾肥施用量对烤烟生长过程中几种酶活性的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了褐土区不同钾肥施用量对烤烟生长过程中几种酶活性的影响。结果表明．施用钾肥提高了烟株的硝酸还原酶(NR)活性和根系活力，增强了烟株生长前期叶片合成叶绿素的能力；钾素对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性具有调节作用，在烟株生长的前期和中期有提高SOD活性的能力；栽后75d，烟株的蔗糖酶活性小于栽后60d的，施用钾肥对蔗糖酶活性有一定的提高，但是钾肥的不同用量处理间差别不大；在烤烟生长中后期，随着烟株的生长发育，根系ATP酶活性是降低的，施用钾肥提高了根系ATP酶活性。     

秸秆还田替代化学钾肥对棉麦轮作中棉仁油分累积的效应

为研究棉田化学钾肥的秸秆替代施入对棉仁含油量的影响及其生理生化基础,2012—2013年于江苏省农业科学院试验站进行麦棉两熟周年秸秆还田定位试验,在棉花季设置小麦秸秆不还田(0,W0)、半量还田(4500 kg hm–2,W1)和全量还田(9000 kg hm–2,W2),在小麦季设置棉花秸秆不还田(0,C0)、半量还田(3750 kg hm–2,C1)和全量还田(7500 kg hm–2,C2),两种作物秸秆不同还田量组合后共9个秸秆还田处理,另根据秸秆折合钾肥量,于2012年棉花季开始增设2个钾肥用量处理,即150 kg K2O hm–2和300 kg K2O hm–2(K1和K2)。研究显示,在适宜氮肥(300 kg N hm–2)、磷肥(150 kg P2O5 hm–2)水平下,随着逐年秸秆还田与施钾,土壤速效氮、有效磷年际间差异均不显著,但土壤速效钾含量年际间存在显著差异;花后17 d、24 d是不同处理条件下棉仁含油量差异形成的关键时期;相较于6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶(G6PDH)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC),花后17 d、24 d的磷脂酸磷酸酯酶(PPase)的活性对棉仁油分的通径系数更大。结果表明,短期秸秆还田与单施化学钾肥均主要影响棉田土壤速效钾含量;从棉仁油分累积角度来看,秸秆还田可在很大程度上替代化学钾的施入;花后17 d、24 d棉仁钾含量是影响棉仁含油量的关键因子;秸秆还田替代化学钾肥条件下,PPase较G6PDH、PEPC对棉仁油分的影响更为关键。     

Canola genotypes differ in potassium efficiency during vegetative growth

There is no knowledge about the differential capacity of canola genotypes to take up potassium (K) and produce dry matter under conditions of low soil K availability. Hence, 84 canola genotypes were screened for K efficiency in the glasshouse. Plants were grown in sealed pots containing K-responsive, sandy soil without or with K added. Twelve genotypes were selected for advanced screening in the glasshouse in a different K-responsive soil. Genotypes with a mean K efficiency ratio (the ratio of shoot dry weight at deficient and adequate K supply) greater than one standard error above or below the median genotype value were classified as K-efficient or K-inefficient, respectively. There were significant differences between genotypes in the K efficiency ratio in both screening experiments, indicating that genotypes responded differently to K availability. In the initial screening experiment, 19 genotypes were rated as K-efficient and nine genotypes rated as K-inefficient based on the K efficiency ratio. In the advanced screening experiment with 12 genotypes, three genotypes were rated as K-efficient and two as K-inefficient. Genotypes Wesbarker and Rainbow were K-efficient and Genkai K-inefficient in both experiments. Correlation of the K efficiency ratio with (i) shoot K content in the initial and advanced screening and (ii) shoot K concentration in the advanced screening, indicates that the observed differences in K efficiency were due to genotypic differences in both the uptake and the utilization of K. K-efficient genotypes have a potential to improve canola yields on soils with low K availability.     

不同种类钾肥对烤烟生长过程中几种酶活性的影响

研究了不同种类钾肥和组合对烤烟生长过程中硝酸还原酶(NR)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、蔗糖酶(INV)、根系ATP酶活性和根系活力的影响。结果表明,有机钾肥和生物钾肥都能够提高烟株的NR活性,促进烟株早期对氮素的吸收,提高SOD活性,增强根系活力,促进INV和ATP酶活性的提高。其中生物钾肥有利于促进烤烟生长前期根系活力的提高,有机钾肥能促进生长后期的根系活力的提高。以KNO3为基础的钾肥处理比以K2SO4为基础的钾肥处理更能促进烟株的生长发育。