Effects of the Ratio of n-6:n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Maternal Diet on Immunoglobulins, Fatty Acid Composition, and Performance of Lactating Sows and Suckling Piglets under Conditions of Low Maternal Energy Intake

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different ratios of n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in sow diets on the performance of lactating sows and their piglets at low digestible energy intakes.Twenty-one pregnant Landrace sows were assigned to one of three diets from day 108 of gestation until weaning (26 to 29 d),containing n-6∶n-3 PUFA ratios of 3∶1,8∶1 and 11∶1.The effects on sow and litter production traits and on sow body condition were examined.There were no differences among treatments in daily feed intakes or in changes in sow weight and back-fat levels during lactation.Litter size,litter weight at birth and weaning and litter average daily weight gain were also unaffected by treatment.As expected,large differences were observed in n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in the colostrum and plasma of sows and piglets (P ＜ 0.01 ).The ratio of n-6∶n-3 PUFA the diet was positively correlated with those in colostrum,sow plasma and piglet plasma ( R2 =0.55,0.80 and 0.80,respectively).Sow plasma insulin and IGF-I levels at weaning were unaffected by the treatments.Plasma leptin ( P ＜ 0.05) concentrations were increased in sows fed the diet with a n-6∶ n-3 ratio of 8∶1.Immunoglobulin concentrations in colostrum were not altered by dietary treatment.Plasma IgG concentrations at d 14 were highest in piglets from sows fed the 8∶1 ratio of n-6∶n-3.Furthermore,this group had the highest IgA concentrations at day 21 of lactation compared with the other two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).In summary,our study demonstrated that at low digestible energy levels,altering the ratio of n-6∶n-3 PUFA in the diets for lactating sows affected immune components and the fatty acid composition of lactating sows and their piglets.Further studies are needed to examine whether higher levels of fat supplementation than those used in the present study ( 1.5％ ) can successfully enhance performance.     

Maternal Administration of GHRP-6-loaded PLGA-PEG-PLGA Thermosensitive Hydrogel Increases Growth and Vitality of Piglets

Both growth hormone-releasing peptide 6 (GHRP-6) and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) have potent GH-releasing activity in animals.We have previously demonstrated that the administration of a plasmid encoding the GHRH gene to pregnant mice and pig augmented long-term growth in first generation progeny,and that the administration of GHRP-6 results in growth augmentation in mice and rabbits.However,it has not yet been reported if GHRP-6 induces intergenerational growth effects in pigs.Ploy lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microsphere adsorption of treatment proteins enhances gene expression,genetic immunization and the ability to protect plasmid DNA and peptides from degradation.The current study was conducted to determine the growth performance of piglets born to gilts treated with GHRP-6 incorporated into thermosensitive PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock copolymers.Gilts were injected intra-muscularly once at day 85 of gestation with 30 mg of GHRP-6-loaded thermosensitive PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock copolymers.Piglets were weighed periodically between birth and 28 days.Mean body weights of piglets born to GHRP-6-treated gilts were 6.58％ to 18.89％ (P ＜ 0.05 ) greater than those of piglets born to control gilts.This study confirms that enhanced maternal GHRP-6 mediated by thermosensitive PLGA-PEG-PLGA can augment growth of piglets.     

Factors affecting in vitro adventitious shoot formation on internode explants of Citrus aurantium L. cv. Brazilian

The in vitro formation of newly formed adventitious buds and shoots from internodal branch segments was studied on 12-month-old plants of Citrus aurantium L. cv. Brazilian. The effects of 6-Benzyladenine (BA) and α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) treatments were evaluated on adventitious bud and shoot regeneration. High rates of bud initiation and shoot development were obtained both with BA supplemented medium, in the range from 1 mg L⁻¹ to 3 mg L⁻¹, and with 0.1 mg L⁻¹ NAA supplemented medium. NAA concentrations above 1 mg L⁻¹ significantly reduced bud initiation and shoot elongation. The results obtained using different in vitro culture vessels such as Petri dishes, tubes and glass culture jars were compared. The highest adventitious bud induction was observed in Petri dishes for internodes cultured in 2 mg L⁻¹ BA supplemented medium, with 95% responsive explants forming 9.0 ± 2.4 adventitious buds. The adventitious buds observed in Petri dishes reached a maximum height of 1 mm, with no further development, while some of the adventitious shoots cultured in tubes and glass culture jars grew over 1 cm in height. A shoot regeneration gradient of the internodes collected along the branch axis was noticed, with basal ones exhibiting higher regeneration frequency.     

低温胁迫下佛手和枳乙烯应答因子6（ERF6）表达变化的比较分析

 以柑橘属寒敏感植物佛手‘青皮’品种叶片cDNA为模板,通过RT-PCR与RACE扩增,获得一个1 160 bp的乙烯应答因子（ethylene response factor,ERF）基因的cDNA序列,其基因编码区共999 bp,含有一个保守的AP2/EREBP结构域,与拟南芥AtERF6为同源基因,命名为CmsERF6（GenBank登录号为HQ698835）。4 ℃低温处理佛手和枳（柑橘属近缘种耐寒植物）植株,测定其寒胁迫生理指标（电解质渗出率、丙二醛含量）。使用实时荧光定量PCR,对佛手和枳叶中的ERF6表达含量进行测定分析,结果表明：低温对佛手与枳的ERF6表达均具有诱导作用,且表达量的变化趋势存在明显的差异。尤其在枳中,ERF6的表达较对照组上升约4 000倍,且电解质外渗率的变化与ERF6基因表达量变化具有一致性,说明ERF6基因参与低温胁迫应答。     

Effect of growth arrest-specific protein 6 on H9c2 cell apoptosis induced by anoxia-reoxygenation via PI3K/Akt survival pathway

AIM: To investigate the effect of growth arrest-specific protein 6(Gas 6) on H9c2 cell apoptosis induced by anoxia-reoxygenation (A/R) and its possible relationship with PI3K/Akt pathway. METHODS: Cultured H9c2 cell line of cardiomyocytes was randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, anoxia-reoxygenation group (A/R), anoxia-reoxygenation+Gas6 group (A/R+Gas6) and anoxia/reoxygenation+Gas6+LY294002 group (A/R+Gas6+LY294002). The procedure of A/R was performed in cultured H9c2 cells by 3 h of anoxia and then 3 h of reoxygenation. The viability of the cells and the activity of caspase-3 were detected by automatic biochemistry analytic instrument. Cell apoptotic rates were evaluated by flow cytometry. The protein level of phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt) was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the cell viability was significantly decreased, and caspase-3 activity, cell apoptotic rate and the protein level of p-Akt were increased in A/R group. Compared with A/R group, the caspase-3 activity and cell apoptotic rate reduced markedly, while the cell viability and the protein level of p-Akt were significantly increased in A/R+Gas6 group .The effect of Gas6 was inhibited by LY294002. CONCLUSION: Gas6 may protect the H9c2 cells from anoxia-reoxygenation-induced apoptosis. Its mechanism is possibly involved in the activation of PI3K/Akt survival pathway via increasing the phosphorylation of Akt protein.     

两种外源激素在白掌组织培养不同阶段的剂量研究

文章研究了不同浓度的细胞分裂素6-BA对白掌外植体诱导、愈伤组织增殖、不定芽增殖及生长素IBA对诱导生根的影响。结果表明：初代培养基以1／2MS CM100ml／L 蔗糖30g／L 琼脂6g／L 6-BA 1.0mg／L效果最好；在培养基MS NAA 0．1mg／L 蔗糖30g／L 琼脂6g／L中添加6-BA 1.0mg／L愈伤组织和不定芽的增殖倍数最高；在培养基1／2MS 活性炭2g／L 蔗糖30g／L 琼脂6g／L中添加2．0mg／L IBA可显著提高生根率。     

6-苄基腺嘌呤对甜柿次郎果实中糖、酸含量的影响

以甜柿次郎为试材,100￣200 mg/L的6-BA于花后10天喷果,结果表明:均提高了果实还原糖、可溶性糖、TSS含量及固酸比;促进果实淀粉降解;对可滴定酸含量影响不大。     

Preparation of novel reagents 4-alkoxytrityl chlorides and their reaction with methyl Α-d-glucoside

A series of novel 4-O-alkoxytrityl chlorides (1) with different chain lengths was synthesized as a novel reagent for obtaining 6-O-alkylated cellulose with high regioselectivity via trityl groups in one reaction step without the use of any protective groups. These chlorides were reacted with methyl -d-glucoside, which was used as a model compound, to examine the reactivities toward the primary hydroxyl groups of cellulose to afford a series of 6-O-alkylated methyl -d-glucosides in high yields. The product compounds were found to have interesting solubilities and thermal properties. Thus, newly prepared trityl chloride derivatives were found to be useful regioselective derivatization reagents on the primary hydroxyl group in carbohydrates, especially in cellulose.     

6BA和NAA对朱顶红组织培养的影响

以朱顶红品种为试材,在组织培养过程中,以鳞茎为外植体,研究6BA和NAA的不同浓度对其直接诱导再生植株的影响。结果表明:M S 1 m g/L的6BA 2 m g/L的NAA是直接诱导鳞茎再生植株的最好组合,而LS 2 m g/L的6BA 0.5 m g/LNAA是直接诱导鳞茎再生植株的理想培养基。     

咖啡种质资源的引进、研究及利用

对引进保存的个咖啡种质进行种质特性和适应性研究及评价;对用部分种质的基因型作有性杂交,164获得份不同杂交组合种子实生苗材料进行筛选;推广小粒咖啡卡蒂莫(15CIFC7963F6)生产种植6 984hm2,取得显著经济效益。