红花大金元巨型变异株系栽培因子的正交试验

[目的]研究主要栽培因子对红花大金元(Nicotiana tabacum)巨型变异株系的影响。[方法]选择影响烤烟产质量的施氮量、留叶数和种植密度3个主要因素,每个因素设置4个水平,采用L16(45)正交设计进行田间试验。[结果]红花大金元巨型变异株系产量与产值栽培因子的影响权重是种植密度施氮量留叶数,以种植密度16 500株/hm2、施氮量90.0 kg/hm2、单株留叶数30片为最优组合,比对照增产37.2%以上,增值24.8%以上。栽后70 d,红花大金元巨型变异株系多数"巨型"特征已初步显现,此时株高91.1 cm,单株叶数27.5片,茎围13.3 cm,最大腰叶长宽72.6 cm×30.7 cm,主要农艺性状稳定,具有实现"高产、稳产"的生物学基础。[结论]该研究可为红花大金元巨型变异株系的进一步开发利用提供参考依据。     

大熊猫嗅味树调查

作者于2011年春对长青自然保护区大熊猫嗅味树进行调查。结果显示:影响大熊猫选择嗅味树的因素是树木的分布格局、树木的胸径、树皮的粗糙性、树木的气味。大熊猫嗅味树主要分布在山脊上,而在山坡和河谷几乎没有。环境特征为竹林密度较小,乔木郁闭度0.4～0.6。大熊猫嗅味树主要选择栎类、华山松、桦类、卜氏杨。     

秦岭大熊猫喜居森林群落的基本特征

[目的]探明佛坪自然保护区大熊猫活动频繁的森林群落植物种类组成、优势树种和生活型谱等特征。[方法]采用样方调查法,对秦岭大熊猫喜居森林群落(冬居地、夏居地)中的乔木、灌木及草木进行了调查,并计算各物种重要值及优势度。[结果]秦岭大熊猫冬季喜居群落是以锐齿槲栎、四照花、榛子、油松、华山松、白檀、野樱桃、漆树、木姜子和板栗为优势树种的暖温带针阔混交林;夏季喜居群落是以巴山冷杉、牛皮桦、红桦、野山楂、青柞槭、栓翅卫矛、茶条槭、臭樱、稠李为优势树种的亚高山针叶林。调查群落内共出现种子植物256种,分属于72科158属。种子植物中有木本植物160种,草本植物96种,分别占植物总数的62.5%和37.5%。在区系组成上主要反映了大熊猫喜居群落的过渡性和孑遗性特征。从生活型谱可以看出高位芽和地面芽植物占优势,分别为62.49%和28.13%。由此可见秦岭大熊猫喜居森林群落同时具有暖温带针阔混交林和亚高山针叶林性质的特征。[结论]结果为大熊猫生境恢复和重建提供了重要的理论依据。     

Instant trees: Using giant vegetative stakes in tropical forest restoration

Remnant trees have been widely reported to facilitate tropical forest recovery, however, few restoration strategies can mimic the role such trees play in their absence. This study evaluated the establishment success and growth of planting oversized vegetative ‘stakes’ (>4 m tall) of three species: Ficus pertusa (Moraceae), Bursera simaruba (Burseraceae), and Erythrina poeppigiana (Fabaceae) at three different sites in southern Costa Rica. I found high establishment rates for all species (range 67–100%) with no mortality for Erythrina. This result was coupled with a rapid development of canopy area over 1 yr for Erythrina (7.69 ± 0.86 m²) and Bursera (1.82 ± 0.86 m²), but not Ficus (0.23 ± 0.04 m²). Similar results are reported for height. The study presents an important new addition to the growing body of literature on the use of stakes in tropical restoration, where, oversized stakes may be planted as solitary individuals in restoration sites to mimic the role played by remnant trees in forest recovery.     

Morphology, cytochemical staining, and ultrastructural characteristics of the blood cells of the giant lizard of El Hierro (Gallotia simonyi)

The object of this study was to examine the erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes of the giant lizard of El Hierro (Gallotia simonyi) by light and electron (TEM) microscopy, and cytochemical staining. Smears were prepared from blood from the ventral coccygeal vein of 10 healthy adult lizards (five males and five females) from the Giant Lizard of El Hierro Reproduction and Research Centre, Canary Islands, Spain. The cytochemical stains used were: benzidine peroxidase (BP), chloroacetate esterase (CAE), alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), acid phosphatase (AP), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), toluidine blue (TB) and May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG). Electron microscopy was also performed on all samples. Heterophils had granules that were heterogeneous in both size and electron density, and stained with BP, PAS and ANAE. Eosinophil granules were homogeneously electron-dense and stained for AP, CAE and ANAE. Basophils had both highly and moderately electron-dense granules, and stained with TB and ANAE. Azurophil granules were of low electron-density and stained for AP, CAE and ANAE. Azurophil cytoplasm was vacuolated on TEM. The cytoplasm of lymphocytes contained many ribosomes and was positive for AP. Monocytes had a large nucleus and a vacuolated cytoplasm but did not stain by any of the cytochemical methods used. Thrombocytes had a relatively large nucleus but little cytoplasm; they did not stain cytochemically. The blood cells of the giant lizards of El Hierro differ from those of other members of the Order Squamata both morphologically and cytochemically. The variation in cytochemical responses in the blood of reptiles makes it necessary to study species individually if meaningful clinical decisions are to be made.     

日本大耳白兔红细胞调控淋巴细胞和NK细胞活性研究

应用红细胞促淋巴细胞转化和促NK细胞活性试验,对不同生理发育时期日本大耳白兔红细胞调控淋巴细胞和NK细胞活性进行研究。结果表明：青年组日本大耳白兔红细胞调控淋巴细胞能力明显高于幼年兔和老年兔（P〈0．01）;老年组红细胞调控NK活性能力明显高于青年组和幼年组（P〈0．01）,青年组高于幼年组（P〈0．01）。日本大耳白兔红细胞调控淋巴细胞能力在青年时期达到了高峰．随后逐渐降低：而红细胞调控NK活性随年龄增长而显著增强,这提示老年兔的免疫活性细胞较多地处于预激活状态,并对刺激显示良好的免疫应答能力。     

大熊猫卵母细胞体外成熟及受精后的超微结构观察

用抽吸法和切割法采集死亡大熊猫卵泡卵母细胞进行体外培养和体外受精 ,对其培养前、培养后及受精后的卵母细胞进行了电镜观察。结果表明 ,( 1 )大熊猫卵母细胞中富含卵黄颗粒和卵黄泡 ;( 2 )经过 2 2 h的培养 ,大熊猫卵母细胞在超微结构上表现为成熟卵的特征 ;( 3)大熊猫卵母细胞中的线粒体为基质密度浅且均匀的线粒体。     

三峡库区皇竹草的生物学特性与栽培模式

在对三峡库区生态环境与皇竹草生态适应性分析基础上,进行了不同海拔高度皇竹草越冬保种、无性繁殖与生物学特性观测等试验,提出了三峡库区皇竹草的栽培模式。结果表明:皇竹草适宜于三峡库区栽植与利用,能在三峡库区生态环境建设及退耕还草养畜工程中大力推广应用。     

秦岭大熊猫家域的季节、性别和年龄效应

本文通过潘文石对22只秦岭大熊猫的家域观察资料为基础，获得生态年龄段和家域对数转换值等次生数据，并以次生数据为基础，对不同生态年龄段和不同季节大熊猫的家域和个体季节性迁移面积的动态特征进行定性比较分析，通过季节、性别和年龄对秦岭大熊猫种群家域动态的影响机制进行了探讨，结果发现以下新细节：（1）虽然在同一季节，大熊猫家域面积随着年龄的增长逐渐增加，但雌性个体家域面积增加不大，雄性个体也仅在夏季家域面积增加极大，秋冬季增加也不大；（2）同一生态年龄段，秦岭大熊猫家域面积：全年〉秋冬季〉夏季；（3）只是成体雄性大熊猫家域面积极显著大于雌性，但亚成体和老年个体家域面积的性别间差异不显著；（4）1～11岁，大熊猫迁移面积小且稳定，大于11．5岁后，迁移面积明显跃迂增大，保持增大趋势，但波动强度由强变弱。这表明秦岭大熊猫家域的季节、性别和年龄效应动态规律性明显。     

超磁致伸缩执行器率相关迟滞混合模型研究

超磁致伸缩执行器的迟滞具有率相关特性。提出一种混合建模方法用于率相关迟滞建模。首先,在低频激励下,建立系统的率不相关PI迟滞模型;其次,在高频激励下,提出率不相关PI迟滞模型求逆与拟合相结合的方法,将系统响应解耦,进而建立系统线性环节模型;然后,在上述基础上,提出并建立系统迟滞环节的率相关PI迟滞模型;最后,通过系统线性环节模型和率相关PI迟滞模型串联得到率相关迟滞混合模型。实验结果显示:相对于率不相关迟滞模型或率不相关迟滞混合模型,率相关迟滞混合模型具有更高的精度,从而验证了所提模型的有效性和精确性。