玉米秸秆饲料的加工制作

玉米秸秆是来源丰富、价格低廉的牛羊等反刍家畜主要粗饲料,传统是将玉米秸秆直接饲喂,结果是由于收获后的玉米秸秆已经失去大部分水分和青绿多汁的气味,秸秆逐渐变干,牛羊适口性下降,消化利用率不高,饲喂效果降低,影响其生产性能,另外损失较多,利用的较少。因此,人们开始研究改变其适口性和增加其营养问题,以提高牛羊应用玉米秸秆的利用率。目前在生产中最常见、最多用的主要有以下几种加工制作方法。     

秸秆饲料养羊技术

<正>农作物秸秆综合利用,既可减少因焚烧秸秆造成的环境污染;又可开辟饲草资源。秸秆用于羊只圈养,不仅可解决日益突出的农牧矛盾,而且圈养与放牧相比,羊只生长快、出栏早、膘情好、出肉率较高、经济效益好,适应养羊业发展的新形势。1秸秆饲料的特点秸秆饲料的营养特点是粗纤维含量高,占干物质的30%~40%,一般每千克秸秆饲料的消化能在7.78~10.4MJ之间,粗蛋白质含量低,豆科秸秆为8.9%~9.6%;禾本科为4.2%~6.3%。粗脂肪含量较少     

Study on Nutritional Characteristics of Cottonseed Hull as a Feed of Sheep

In this paper through digestive and metabolic experiments studied the voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of cottonseed hulls (kernel-contained CH,kernel-free CH) and cornstalk on sheep to evaluate the nutrition value and digestion characteristics of cottonseed hulls.12 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into two groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,fed with kernel-free CH by 400 (group 1) or 800 (group 2) g/(head·day) respectively,to estimate the digestibility of CH by difference method;As well,another 18 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into three groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,cafeteria feeding with kernel-contained CH (group 3),kernel-free CH (group 4) or ground cornstalks (group 5) respectively,to study the effects of three diets on the voluntary intake,digestion and metabolism of sheep.The results showed that the apparent digestibility of the DM,OM,CP,cellulose,hemicellulose and energy of kernel-free CH by sheep were 46.71%,47.37%,-53.40%,66.60%,62.48% and 42.59%,respectively.There were no significant differences in the intake of DM,OM,cellulose,hemicellulose,energy and Ca between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05);Intake of CP and P in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);Intake of lignin in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly lower than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM,OM and energy between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).The apparent digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose in kernel-free CH group were significantly and extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH group (P< 0.05;P< 0.01),respectively.The apparent digestibility of CP in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).The apparent digestibility of DM,OM,CP,cellulose and energy in ground cornstalks group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P< 0.01),however,the apparent digestibility of Ca and P were lower than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).Intake and retention of nitrogen in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);The was no significant difference in the retention of nitrogen between kernel-free diet group and cornstalk diet group (P> 0.05).It was concluded that CH was a kind of special forage with larger intake,higher digestibility on the fiber substances and energy,but with a serious obstruction on protein digestion;The nutritional value between kernel-free diet and cornstalk diet was almost equal,and with lower nitrogen digestibility on kernel-free diet.     

Effects of Feeding Different Dietary Crude Protein and Digestible Energy to Yili Mares during Late Lactation Stage on Growth Development and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Foals

In this paper, thirty Yili mares aged 11 to 12 years with weighing 410 kg ± 30 kg, parity of 4 to 5 in third lactation month were selected, and were randomly divided into six groups, each group with five repeats.Two factors quadratic regression orthogonal rotational combination design was adopted to evaluate the effects of feeding different dietary CP and DE to mares on growth development and blood biochemical parameters of foals.Daily DE and CP feeding levels of the 6 groups were 92 MJ/d and 1.20 kg/d, 125 MJ/d and 1.20 kg/d, 92 MJ/d and 1.55 kg/d, 107 MJ/d and 1.35 kg/d, 125 MJ/d and 1.44 kg/d, 115 MJ/d and 1.55 kg/d, respectively.The results showed that body weight, body height, chest circumference and cannon circumference of foals of four and five months were not significant affected by maternal protein and energy intake (P>0.05).As compared with ration contained high DE (125 MJ/d) and low CP (1.20 kg/d), feeding with ration contained moderate DE (107 MJ/d) and CP (1.35 kg/d) improved body length of foals of four and five months significantly (P<0.05).From the blood biochemical parameters, such as total protein, albumin, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, there were no significant differences among all groups (P>0.05).Mares fed with ration contained moderate DE (107 MJ/d) and CP (1.35 kg/d) obviously improved the aspartate aminotransferase and uric acid level.In summary, Yili mares during lactation late stage fed with 1.35 kg/d CP and 107 MJ/d DE daily could significantly improve body length development of foals, and foals nitrogen metabolism was altered by maternal dietary nutrition through increasing blood aspartate aminotransferase activity.     

纤维素酶抑制剂对松墨天牛消化生理的影响

以松墨天牛的消化生理为基础，研究了松墨天牛消化酶中纤维素酶的动力学特性；以现代酶学研究方法为主，结合生物测定技术，进一步研究了不同性质和不同浓度的酶抑制剂对松墨天牛成虫离体和活体纤维素酶酶活力的影响，结果表明，选用的酶抑制剂无论对分离提取的纤维素酶液和活体中的纤维素酶8都具有显著的抑制作用。饲养试验中，经0.1%酶抑制剂处理的饲料组5d死亡率为75%.ck组平均成活天数为28d。     

细挑蔬菜巧保健

蔬菜是人的膳食维生素和无机盐的主要来源。由于蔬菜中还含有纤维素、果胶和有机酸等,能刺激胃肠蠕动和消化液分泌,对促进人们的食欲和帮助消化起着很大作用。     

春节过后 如何给肠胃减负

春节长假是中国人家庭团圆、亲朋往来的传统节日。要问春节期间什么最累、什么最忙,也许大家会说牙最忙、嘴最累,其实啊,最忙最累的是食道、胃、肠道、肝脏等。春节期间无论走亲访友,还是接待来宾,都免不了热情的款待。家家少不了鸡、鸭、鱼、肉,高脂肪、高油脂成了餐桌上的主力军。晚饭过后文艺晚会开始了,大家在欣赏节目喝茶聊天的同时开始不停的吃甜点、零食、吃花生、嗑瓜子,杏仁、榛子一个都不少。一个节目没演完,花生、瓜子皮已是一个小山了。丰盛的     

健康过节有禁忌

<正>感冒患者忌"聚":春节期间天气寒冷,人们容易伤风感冒,如走亲访友聚在一起,极易造成疾病的交叉感染和流行。因此,感冒患者不宜外出,最好在家中调养,这样既有利于病情恢复,又能避免将病传染给他人。慢性呼吸道疾病患者忌"凉":春节期间,气温较低,因此支气管炎、肺气肿等呼吸道疾病患者应注意防寒保暖,避免受凉以防旧病复发。肝病患者忌"酒":肝病患者饮酒,会直接伤害肝细胞,甚至会使肝细胞变性或坏死,导致病情进一步恶化。胆病患者忌"油":节日期间食物油腻,胆病患者如果大量进食荤腻食品,会加重胆囊的负     

必须科学经营森林发挥现有林效益的潜能

海纳百川,有容乃大,安徽林业的发展离不开国际援助.德国是世界林业强国,最早的法正林理论曾风靡全球,从上世纪80年代起,用其"近自然林业"发展模式实现了森林可持续经营,对我们当前的林业建设和项目建设具有深刻的借鉴意义.只有结合实际,创造性地吸收、消化、借鉴,以实践、推广国内外成功的经验,才能少走弯路,缩短我省森林生态网络建设、现代林业建设的进程.     

提高牛、羊玉米秸秆利用率的方法

玉米秸秆是玉米果实收获后的副产品,因我国玉米种植面积较大,因此其来源丰富,价格价廉,成本很低,在畜牧生产中作为主要的粗饲料用于牛、羊等家畜的养殖上。然而,收获后的玉米秸秆已经失去大部分水分和青绿多汁的气味,秸秆逐渐变干,牛、羊适口性下降,消化利用率不高,饲喂效果降低,影响其生产性能。为了改变这一现状,提高牛、羊玉米秸秆的利用率,人们研究了很多方法,目前最常用的主要有青贮、酶贮、氨化和微贮四种。