暴雨预报的力子天气学模式和应用实例(英文)

[目的]对2010年湖南汛期13次暴雨过程进行力子天气学分析。[方法]采用力子天气学原理,通过对2010年出现在湖南的13次区域性暴雨天气过程进行合成分析。[结果]2010年湖南汛期的13次暴雨都与自组织的辐合水气流密切相关,暴雨是自组织辐合水汽流爆发后所产生的必然结果;自组织辐合水汽流的孕育区对应未来12-36小时出现暴雨的区域;自组织辐合水汽流孕育区一旦消失,则未来12-36小时不会有区域性暴雨出现;自组织辐合水汽流孕育区产生在大尺度南北力子偶的交汇域。[结论]南北力子偶是否存在可以作为汛期区域性暴雨的短期预报模式。     

An Evaluation of Blueberry Cultivars Grown in Plastic Tunnels in Douglas County,Oregon

Abstract

Growing fruits and vegetables in plastic tunnels is known to accelerate maturity and protect quality. There are several studies on highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) that demonstrate the ability of row covers to advance or delay crop maturity depending on how they are manipulated. Accelerating or delaying harvest time can prove to be very lucrative for producers. However, before producers start putting plastic tunnels over their crops it is important to know how blueberry cultivars will behave when grown under plastic. Six cultivars of southern highbush blueberry and eight cultivars of northern highbush blueberry were grown in a high hoop plastic tunnel for two seasons. Blueberry plants were grown under plastic from February 1 until their harvest was completed each year. After harvest, the plastic covering over the hoops was removed to help the blueberry plants develop fruit buds and meet winter chill requirements. On February 1 the plastic covering was returned to the high hoop tunnel after chilling requirements were met. As expected, fruit maturity dates were 1-3 weeks earlier for all the highbush blueberries grown inside the tunnel versus the same cultivars grown outside. The difference in maturity dates between cultivars grown under plastic and outside did change from one year to the next because of variation in the weather. Despite potential for poor pollination of blueberries in plastic tunnels, yields were significantly enhanced for four cultivars when grown under plastic tunnels. ‘Toro’, ‘Nui’, ‘Legacy’, and ‘Misty’ showed yield gains ranging from 1 to 4 times when grown under a plastic tunnel. Seed numbers per fruit were not significantly impacted by growing plants inside our tunnel.     

Temporal and spatial dynamics of mineral levels of forage,soil and cattle blood serum in two semi-arid savannas of South Africa

In this study, we examined temporal and spatial dynamics of minerals of forage, soil and cattle serum in two savannas (valley and plain) of South Africa. The aims were to explore the relationships between ecosystem components, and plan communal grazing and fodder flow for sustainable livestock production. In each area, grazing sites near, at intermediate distance from (middle) and far from homesteads were selected. In the valley land, site interacted with season to influence local variations (P<0.05) of soil calcium and microelements. In the plain lands, local variations occurred for soil phosphorus and magnesium. At the large scale, most macro-minerals showed differences between the valley and plain lands. In the valley areas, forage calcium differed (P<0.05) locally in the dry season, whereas in the plain areas, potassium and phosphorus showed local variations (P<0.05) in the wet season. Seasonal variations of most forage elements were significant within each local site of both study areas. All forages were deficient in phosphorus and copper. Cattle serum from the valley area had low iron concentrations. The study concluded that biotic and abiotic factors may influence the distribution of soil and forage elements, but their effects may vary between the two areas. Rangeland improvement and supplementation strategies are suggested to sustain animal production.     

不同季节、不同出栏日龄对樱桃谷鸭蛋氨酸需要量的影响

本研究结合生产实践，采用大群生产试验方法，对标准化饲养的2847栋鸭舍，同源樱桃谷商品肉鸭2925万只，按统一饲养方式和管理程序进行生产试验。试验日粮分为前期（1～19d）、中期（20～29d）和后期（30d～出栏）3个阶段，记录各饲养阶段肉鸭的采食量、增重、死亡率。结果表明：春、夏、秋、冬肉鸭氨基酸需要量的析因模型分别为：春季：METR=0．0050BGW＋0．1818W0．75；夏李：METR：O．0055BGW＋0．1554W0．75；秋季：METR=0．0050BGW＋0．1945W0．75；冬李：METR=0．0038BGW＋0．2651W0．75。春、夏、秋、冬四个季节肉鸭的蛋氨酸维持需要分别为每千克代谢体重0．1818、0．1554、0．1945、0．265lg；肉鸭每增重lg体重需要蛋氨酸为0．005、0．0055、0．005、0．0038g。冬季肉鸭摄入的蛋氨酸用于维持需要的量高于其它季节，以夏季最少，春季与秋季肉鸭用于维持需要的蛋氨酸量相当。而肉鸭冬季用于单位增重所需的蛋氨酸最少，其他季节相近。研究同时表明，不同的出栏日龄肉鸭增重lg所需的蛋氨酸量不同，随着肉鸭出栏日龄的延长，肉鸭每增重1g所需的蛋氨酸的需要量逐渐提高。     

呼伦贝尔市2011年大豆生长季气候影响分析

2011年呼伦贝尔市大豆种植62.62万hm2,比2010年增加4.68万hm2。通过2011年气候资料的统计分析,得知在大豆生长季气温稍低,降水正常或局部偏多,大部分地区光照偏少,光、水、热匹配较好,尤其是水分条件对需水较多的大豆生长较为有利。     

Performance of rainy season greengram as influenced by land configuration and phosphorus application

A field experiment was carried out for 2 crop years (July‐October) at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the effect of land configuration and phosphorus levels on the growth and yield of rainy season greengram under limited irrigation facility. The crop sown on 2 meter wide broad bed and furrow (BBF) showed higher growth attributes, nodulation, yield attributes and yield compared to flat bed (FB) sowing. Application of 30 and 60 kg P₂O₅ha_‐1 showed significant increase in growth attributes, nodulation, yield attributes and yield as compared to no phosphorus application. The moisture status in the soil determined the optimum dose of phosphorus needed for greengram. The combination of BBF sowing and application of 60 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1 recorded the highest grain yield among all the combinations of land configuration and phosphorus levels.     

李子反季节栽培技术

介绍李子的特性,积极探索研究了李子反季节栽培技术,经过不断的观察研究,初步总结出李子反季节栽培技术。     

泉州平原作物生长季和夏旱期降水量叠加预测模式及其应用

采用时间序列分析方法，对最能代表整个泉州平原降水情况的晋江气象站１９６０～１９９６ 年共３７ ａ 中３～１１ 月（作物生长季）和７～９ 月（夏旱期）２ 段时间的降水量资料进行统计，同时分析了该地区的降水量变化规律，获得了该地区上述２ 段时间的降水量模式，进而提出了防御干旱的措施，     

人工环境下棘腹蛙(Paa boulengeri)非繁殖期摄食行为的研究

2009年9月26日—10月6日对人工养殖环境棘腹蛙(Paa boulengeri)非繁殖期摄食行为进行了观察。结果显示:非繁殖期,棘腹蛙幼蛙早于成蛙出来觅食,雄蛙早于雌蛙出来觅食;棘腹蛙摄食高峰期出现在19:00—20:00。在整个摄食过程中,棘腹蛙的行为可划分为静止、跳跃、转向、捕食、侵占、驱赶、打斗、爬行。棘腹蛙幼蛙与成蛙、雌性成蛙与雄性成蛙之间在摄食行为上存在差异,其中幼蛙与成蛙之间在跳跃、转动、捕食、侵占、驱赶、打斗行为上存在显著差异(P<0.05);成年雌蛙与雄蛙之间在侵占、驱赶、打斗行为上存在显著的差异(P<0.05)。