雨季高尔夫球场周围地表水特征分析

以一家营业近20年的高尔夫球场为研究对象,采用试验法、对比分析法及单因子污染指数法,分析雨季高尔夫球场周围地表水水质特征。研究表明:雨季,球场两个内湖水的总氯、氨氮、总磷均大于农田沟渠水;与国家地表水环境质量Ⅲ类、Ⅱ类水质限值相比,球场内外水体所含的总磷未超标;球场内湖水Hg,Cr超标,球场外围水只有球场出水口处Hg超标。球场内外水体农残未检出。     

江苏里下河地区“一稻两虾”共作模式生产技术规程

"一稻两虾"共作模式是江苏省里下河地区利用稻虾互利共生,实现生态种养一体化的农渔结合模式,其生产过程绿色环保、节本增效,具有显著的生态经济价值和应用推广潜力。为进一步规范该模式生产技术,从品种选择、田间工程设置、时空耦合、田间种养管理等技术层面进行操作规范,以期为江苏里下河地区推广应用"一稻两虾"共作模式提供技术支持。     

基于《内经》脾藏象时空观探析中医对生命、疾病及防治的认知思维特色

目的 探讨《内经》脾藏象理论的构建思维及方法,以进一步提高中医对世界、生命、疾病及其防治的认知能力。方法 运用时空一体整体观念,分别探讨不同时间层面和同一时间层面下,脾藏象在空间上各自相应的变化及特点。结果 不同时间层面下,脾主长夏和脾不独主于时而主四时之末十八日;同一时间层面下,脾-肉-唇-口-涎-思-长夏（或四时）是一个有机整体。结论 时空一体整体观是构建《内经》脾藏象理论的重要思维特色之一;掌握和揭示《内经》所论生命之道,对于进一步整体、动态、辨证地把握好中医对世界、生命、疾病及其防治的认知,具有高屋建瓴的提升和一叶知秋的重要指导意义。     

Changes in Sperm Production,Sperm Motility,and Composition of Seminal Fluid in Caspian Brown Trout,Salmo trutta caspius,Over the Course of a Spawning Season

This study was carried out to evaluate milt quality in male Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius) over the course of the winter spawning season. Milt samples were collected biweekly during December and January. Chemical composition of seminal fluid, sperm production (milt volume, sperm density, spermatocrit,) and sperm motility characteristics (percentage and duration of motility) were measured. Milt volume, sperm density, osmolality, seminal minerals (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, Cl^?), and total protein gradually decreased over the spawning season. Glucose and triglyceride content of milt did not show significant changes over the spawning season. Milt pH and the percentage and duration of motility were comparatively stable, declining only at the end of the season. Significant positive correlations were found between sperm density and seminal minerals, total protein and spermatocrit; percentage of motile spermatozoa and seminal minerals, total protein; and duration of motility and K⁺, Cl^?, total protein, and pH. Results show that season has a significant influence on milt quality in male Caspian brown trout, with the best milt being available at the beginning of spawning season.     

土壤酸化对双季早、晚稻产量的影响

土壤pH是影响水稻生长的重要因素,目前还不清楚土壤酸化对双季水稻产量的影响。本研究利用硫酸调节土壤pH结合移栽后浇灌不同pH的水使土壤酸化。结果表明,随着土壤pH的下降,双季早、晚稻生育期延长,物质生产量下降,产量降低,当浇灌水pH下降至4.5以下,土壤pH下降至5.0以下时,双季早、晚稻产量下降明显,其中早稻平均下降7.82%,晚稻平均下降8.06%;当浇灌水pH下降至3.5以下,土壤pH下降至4.5以下时,双季早、晚稻产量下降幅度更大。土壤酸化主要抑制双季早、晚稻前期分蘖的发生,导致每穗粒数降低,结实率和千粒重也表现出下降的趋势。     

盐水灌溉对不同暖季型草坪草蒸散量的影响

草坪蒸散量是指导草坪合理灌溉的重要指标。以7属11种共13份暖季型草坪草品种（种源）为材料,采用盆栽结合盐水（20 g· L^-1 NaCl）灌溉的方法,研究盐胁迫对其蒸散量的影响及与抗盐性的关系。结果表明：对照和盐胁迫条件下,草种间蒸散量均有显著差异。对照条件下,草种间的日均蒸散量变异系数为22.28%,日均蒸散量最高为‘Pan1’巴哈雀稗（Paspalum notatum）（5.71 mm·d^-1）,最低为‘南京’狗牙根（Cynodon dactylon）（2.77 mm·d^-1）。盐水灌溉条件下,草种间的日均蒸散量变异系数为36.05%,明显高于对照,不同草种的日均蒸散量排序为：‘Diamond’沟叶结缕草（Zoysia materlla）（3.87 mm·d^-1）>‘S004’钝叶草（Stenotaphrum secundatum）（2.90 mm·d^-1）>‘兰引3号’结缕草（Zoysia japonica）（2.34 mm·d^-1）>‘Z080’结缕草（2.25 mm·d^-1）>‘Adalayd’海雀稗（P.varginatum）（2.20 mm·d^-1）>‘P011’双穗雀稗（P.distichum）（2.17 mm·d^-1）>‘南京’狗牙根（2.10 mm·d^-1）>‘Tifway’杂交狗牙根（2.00 mm·d^-1）>‘Pan1’巴哈雀稗（1.90 mm·d^-1）>‘B003’野牛草（Buchloe dactyloides）（1.84 mm·d^-1）>‘H001’牛鞭草（Hemarthria sibirica）（1.61 mm·d^-1）>‘E126’假俭草（Eremochloa ophiuroides）（1.57 mm·d^-1）>‘TifBliar’假俭草（1.50 mm·d^-1）。除‘Diamond’沟叶结缕草外,盐水灌溉下参试草种的蒸散量均有一定程度的降低,降幅从15.29%（‘S004’钝叶草）到66.74%（‘Pan1’巴哈雀稗）。相关性分析表明,盐处理下草坪草的蒸散量与草种的抗盐性成正相关。     

育秧方式与机插密度对早稻机插栽培的产量影响

双季早稻机插栽培技术研究对水稻机械化栽插及配套栽培具有重要的意义,其中早稻机插育秧方式与机插密度又是该项技术中的关键点。本研究以‘中早39’为材料,对育秧播种量、育秧床土类型和栽插密度设计不同的处理,考察其对秧苗的生长、秧苗素质、机插质量及产量的影响。结果认为,播种量为110 g/盘所培育的秧苗,出苗率、成秧率、苗重/苗高比都较其他的处理高,获得优质的机插秧苗。不同床土类型育秧对比试验表明,以“基质”或“黄泥土+基质母剂”作为床土培育的秧苗个体健壮、茎基宽大、机插质量好。移栽大田后,返青活棵较快,单位面积有效分蘖多,最终获得较高的实收产量。移栽密度试验表明,行株距为30cm×14cm和24cm×17cm,即移栽密度分别为24.45万丛/hm²和23.85万丛/hm²时,穗形较大,群体协调,实收产量最高。     

青海湖北岸高寒草甸草原非生长季土壤呼吸对温度和湿度的响应

非生长季土壤呼吸是生态系统碳循环的重要组成部分,显著地影响着碳收支。本研究利用Li-8100开路式碳通量测定系统,研究了青海湖北岸高寒草甸草原非生长季土壤呼吸对短期围栏封育(自由放牧,3年围栏封育和5年围栏封育样地)的响应,并讨论了温度和湿度对非生长季土壤呼吸的影响。结果表明,1)自由放牧、3年围栏封育和5年围栏封育样地非生长季土壤呼吸平均速率分别是全年土壤呼吸平均速率的0.21,0.22和0.19倍;2)自由放牧、3年围栏封育和5年围栏封育样地非生长季土壤呼吸所排放的碳量分别为117.2,109.2和100.7 g C/m²,占全年土壤呼吸所排放的碳量的21.2%,22.3%和23.2%;3)相比于生长季和全年土壤呼吸的温度敏感性,非生长季具有更低的土壤呼吸温度敏感性;4)非生长季土壤温度和土壤湿度对土壤呼吸的解释率相当,一定的土壤湿度是保证土壤呼吸对温度响应的必要条件。因此,当考虑到碳收支和生态系统碳循环时不能忽略掉非生长季土壤呼吸的作用,而且水分在调节非生长季土壤呼吸中起着重要的作用。     

Spermatocrit and spermatozoa density in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): correlation and variation during the spawning season

The utility of spermatocrit (the proportion of solid packed material in semen after centrifugation) as an indicator of spermatozoa density and male spawning stage was tested in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Semen was collected from captive male cod over three spawning seasons. Spermatocrit was positively and significantly correlated with spermatozoa density measured with a Coulter counter (Multisizer), but not with spermatozoa counts in a haemacytometer. Spermatocrit increased significantly as the spawning season progressed. However, day of season explained only 35% of the variation because spermatocrit varied among individual males. Spermatozoa size remained unchanged throughout the sampling period and was not correlated with spermatocrit, indicating that variation in spermatocrit was due to variation in spermatozoa number and not their size. Spermatocrit is a good estimator of sperm density but is not reliable as indicator of spawning stage because of the variation among individual males.