油酸酰胺去除蓝藻水华的野外围隔原位试验

利用油酸酰胺进行野外围隔原位除藻试验。结果表明,在整个试验周期内(31 d),投放油酸酰胺后水体叶绿素a含量均低于对照,而水体透明度均高于对照;投放油酸酰胺后的第1~10 d,水体氨氮含量较对照有所降低,但是在第10 d以后与对照相比无明显差异;投放油酸酰胺后,水体总磷含量在第3~17 d低于对照,到第31 d时却高于对照。水体微囊藻毒素检测结果显示,投放油酸酰胺对水体微囊藻毒素含量没有明显影响。这说明油酸酰胺能有效解除蓝藻水华危机,是一种具有除藻应用潜力的杀藻物质。     

壳聚糖吸附去除水中腐殖酸的研究

研究了壳聚糖对溶液中腐殖酸的去除效果,探讨反应进行时间、pH值、壳聚糖初始浓度、腐殖酸初始浓度、各金属离子浓度等因素对壳聚糖去除溶液中腐殖酸效果的影响。结果表明,pH值是影响壳聚糖吸附腐殖酸的重要因素,适宜pH值是6;初始吸附过程非常快,壳聚糖的浓度为20mg·L-1,吸附20 min时去除率即达到84.9%。在一定浓度范围内(25～150 mg·L-1),Ca2+、Na+、K+的存在对壳聚糖吸附性能的影响是比较微小的。     

膜式氧合器不同解吸方式对水产养殖水体中氨氮去除效果的影响

研究了膜式氧合器3种不同解吸方式，即：O2对流法、真空抽取法和酸吸收法去除水产养殖水体中氨氮的影响因素，并比较对其氨氮的去除效果。结果表明，氨氮初始浓度和pH是氨氮去除率的主要影响因素；当pH＞9时，O2对流法和真空抽取法对氨氮去除效果比pH＜9时要高，而酸吸收法不论pH高低时比其它2种方法都能获得较高的氨氮去除率。     

Phosphorus removal in a marine prototype, recirculating aquaculture system

Phosphorus dynamics were examined in a prototype, zero-discharge, marine-recirculating system. Operation of the system without discharge of water and sludge was enabled by recirculation of effluent water through two separate treatment loops. Surface water from the fish basin was pumped over a trickling filter in one loop, while bottom-water was recirculated through a sedimentation basin followed by a fluidized bed reactor in the other treatment loop. Ammonia oxidation to nitrate in the trickling filter and organic matter digestion together with nitrate reduction in the sedimentation basin and fluidized bed reactor were the main biological features of this treatment system. Orthophosphate concentrations did not exceed 15 mg PO₄–P/l in the culture water during more than 1 year of system operation. Much of the phosphorus was retained within the sedimentation basin and fluidized bed reactor. In these treatment stages, the phosphorus content of organic matter was as high as 17.5% and 19%, respectively. High concentrations of total phosphorus and low concentrations of soluble orthophosphate were measured in the initial stages of sedimentation under oxic and anoxic conditions, suggesting that most of the phosphorus was associated with organic matter. Depletion of oxygen and nitrate in the sludge layers of the sedimentation basin coincided with sulfate reduction to sulfide and a release of soluble orthophosphate. The observed phosphorus dynamics in this marine system supported findings from previous studies in which it was demonstrated that denitrifiers underlie phosphorus immobilization under these conditions.     

A Comparison of Three Different Hydroponic Sub-systems (gravel bed, floating and nutrient film technique) in an Aquaponic Test System

Murray Cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell), and Green Oak lettuce, Lactuca sativa, were used to test for differences between three hydroponic subsystems, Gravel Bed, Floating Raft and Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), in a freshwater Aquaponic test system, where plant nutrients were supplied from fish wastes while plants stripped nutrients from the waste water before it was returned to the fish. The Murray Cod had FCR's and biomass gains that were statistically identical in all systems. Lettuce yields were good, and in terms of biomass gain and yield, followed the relationship Gravel bed > Floating > NFT, with significant differences seen between all treatments. The NFT treatment was significantly less efficient than the other two treatments in terms of nitrate removal (20% less efficient), whilst no significant difference was seen between any test treatments in terms of phosphate removal. In terms of dissolved oxygen, water replacement and conductivity, no significant differences were observed between any test treatments. Overall, results suggest that NFT hydroponic sub-systems are less efficient at both removing nutrients from fish culture water and producing plant biomass or yield than Gravel bed or Floating hydroponic sub-systems in an Aquaponic context. Aquaponic system designers need to take these differences into account when designing hydroponic components within aquaponic systems.     

盐碱地高盐废水电解脱氯同步制氢特性

就近利用风光能电解盐碱地治理过程中产生的高盐废水,是同步实现风光消纳、废水处理和H2/Cl2生产的有效途径。然而,盐碱地治理废水盐浓度较低且盐离子种类众多,直接电解严重影响脱氯制氢效率。通过开展盐碱地治理废水的电解试验研究,讨论了盐浓度及不同除杂工艺对废水脱氯制氢特性的影响规律。结果表明,不同盐浓度废水电解的H2/Cl2产率与电流密度呈线性关系,且产H2速率稍大于产Cl2速率。电流密度和pH值均随盐浓度升高先增大后减小,废水中盐浓度为3.5 mol/L时,电解后最终电流密度和阴极的pH值均最大,电解效果最优。添加Ca(OH)2对废水进行电解前除杂,可将浓缩废水中Ca2+、Mg2+和SO42-浓度分别降低至0.02 、0.1 和0.2 mol/L。电解过程中通入CO2能够进一步降低杂质离子对废水电解的不利影响,使电解脱氯制氢性能提升10%左右,研究结果可为高盐废水处理提供理论支持。     

生态沟渠对农田面源污染的消减机理及其影响因子分析

农业生产过程中肥料和农药的大量施用,造成农田面源污染问题日益突出,开发农田面源污染的减控技术对生态修复具有重要的意义。生态沟渠不仅兼具农田排水沟的过水功能,同时是有效消减面源污染且适合中国农情的重要生态措施之一。该研究阐述了生态沟渠对农田面源污染的消减机理（底泥吸附及植物阻抗作用、植物/微生物吸收作用、降解去除作用）;通过整理分析559组生态沟渠野外观测试验数据,剖析了污染物初始浓度、水力停留时间、植物种类、生物量这4个主要影响因子对农田排水中N、P及农药去除率的影响;进而采用多元线性回归模型将多因子影响与N、P及农药去除率之间建立定量关系。结果表明总氮和总磷的去除率随单一因子污染物初始浓度、水力停留时间或生物量增大而增大,但与植物种类没有显著关系（P>0.05）;且多元线性回归模型结果表明污染物初始浓度的对总氮/总磷去除率的贡献大于生物量。农药的去除率随水力停留时间、生物量增大而增大,随污染物初始浓度增大而减小,与植物种类没有显著关系（P>0.05）。研究可为生态沟渠的合理构建和设计提供理论和技术支撑。     

Nitrogen Removal Improvement by Adding Peat in Deep Soil of Su bsu rface Wastewater Infiltration System

In order to enhance the nitrogen removal, a subsurface wastewater infiltration system （SWIS） was improved by adding peat in deep soil as carbon source for denitrification process. The effects of addition of carbon source in the underpart of the SWIS on nitrogen removal at different influents （with the total nitrogen （TN） concentration 40 and 80 mg L^-1, respectively） were investigated by soil column simulating experiments. When the relatively light pollution influent with 40 mg L^-1 TN was used, the average concentrations of NO3-N and TN in effluents were （4.69±0.235）, （6.18±0.079） mg L^-1, respectively, decreased by 32 and 30.8% than the control; the NO3--N concentration of all effluents was below the maximum contaminant level of 10 mg L^-1; as high as 92.67% of the TN removal efficiency was achieved. When relatively heavy pollution influent with 80 mg LITN was used, the average concentrations of NO3--N and TN in effluents were （10.2±0.265）, （12.5±0.148） mg L^-1 respectively, decreased by 20 and 21.2% than the control; the NO3--N concentration of all effluents met the grade Ⅲ of the national quality standard for ground water of China （GB/T 14848-1993） with the values less than 20 mg L^-1; the TN removal efficiency of 94.1% was achieved. In summary, adding peat in the underpart of the SWIS significantly decreased TN and NO3- -N concentration in effluents and the nitrogen removal efficiency improved significantly.     

高效聚磷菌株的筛选与鉴定

为了给富营养化水体的净化处理提供参考,对水体中的聚磷菌株进行了筛选和鉴定。结果表明：共筛选到聚磷菌株6株,其中,高效聚磷菌株3株,分别为 E5、E7和 E9,在磷浓度为30 mg／L 培养基中的除磷率分别为96．67％、87．78％和98．90％;通过菌株形态、生理生化特征以及16S rDNA 序列分析,初步鉴定菌株 E5和 E7属于变形菌纲假单孢菌目假单孢菌属的荧光假单孢菌（Pseudomonas fluorescens ）和假单孢菌属某种（Pseudomonas sp）,菌株 E9属于变形菌纲肠杆菌目克雷白氏杆菌属肺炎克雷白氏杆菌肺炎亚种（Klebsiella pneumonia subsp．pneumoniae）。