促性腺激素释放激素在不同品种母牛垂体中的免疫组化定位

为了掌握促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）及其受体在不同品种母牛垂体中的变化规律,采用免疫组化SP染色法分别对广西沼泽型水牛、摩拉杂交水牛、荷斯坦奶牛、广西本地黄牛垂体中GnRH的分布表达进行对比研究。结果表明,不同品种母牛垂体中均发现有呈棕黄色或黄褐色的GnRH阳性物质存在,经Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件统计发现,摩拉杂交母水牛的GnRH免疫阳性细胞较其他3个品种的大（P〈0.05）,而平均光密度值介于荷斯坦母奶牛和广西本地母黄牛之间（P〉0.05）。在神经垂体中仅发现GnRH免疫阳性纤维,而未发现GnRH免疫阳性细胞;在腺垂体远侧部的细胞均呈GnRH免疫反应阳性,阳性物质主要分布在腺垂体远侧部嫌色细胞和嗜色细胞胞质内。说明GnRH对腺垂体激素分泌的调节可能是直接通过神经调节,而神经垂体可能只是GnRH调节过程的通路。     

绵羊MTNR1a基因mRNA表达量的季节性差异

本试验分别于春分、夏至、秋分和冬至4个节气,随机选择体况良好体重相近的蒙古羊8只,外科手术取下丘脑、垂体组织样品,采用RT-PCR方法对其褪黑素受体MTNR1a基因表达进行半定量分析.结果表明:绵羊MTNR1a基因表达存在明显的季节性节律,下丘脑MTNR1a基因表达量在夏至时最低,秋分时最高,春冬季节相近;垂体MTNR1a基因表达量在秋分时最低,夏至时最高,春冬季节也相近.     

血管活性肠肽在皖西白鹅下丘脑与垂体中的分布

【目的】对青春期和休产期皖西白鹅下丘脑和垂体中血管活性肠肽的分布与表达进行研究。【方法】采集青春期和休产期皖西白鹅的下丘脑和垂体,应用免疫组织化学PV-9000二步法并结合DAB显色技术,对血管活性肠肽的免疫反应阳性分布进行定位,并用Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件分析阳性区域的累积光密度值。【结果】血管活性肠肽免疫反应阳性细胞主要分布于青春期和休产期皖西白鹅下丘脑的弓状核、室旁核、内侧核、视上核、乳头体内侧核等处及腺垂体中;休产期皖西白鹅下丘脑和垂体中的血管活性肠肽的累积光密度值显著高于青春期。【结论】血管活性肠肽可能对皖西白鹅的休产状态有一定的调控作用。     

Diagnostic orientation values for ACTH and other parameters for clinically healthy donkeys and mules (insulin,triglycerides, glucose,fructosamines, and ɣ-GT)

Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction is the most prevalent endocrine disease in horses. Although donkeys and mules may also be affected, only a few data have been published. Reference values for diagnostic parameters, such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), are especially scarce or even lacking. Therefore, in the present study, available data from the literature have been verified and completed to facilitate a reliable diagnosis. Clinical inspections and haematological and biochemical examinations were carried out four times in a three-month interval (February to November) in 44 donkeys and 31 mules. Data from clinically healthy animals were used as an orientation. Plasma ACTH concentrations showed seasonal changes in both animal groups. However, it was generally higher in donkeys than mules. Although blood glucose (EDTA plasma) showed no difference between groups, serum insulin concentrations were consistently higher in donkeys. Serum fructosamine levels were slightly higher in mules, whereas, in some cases, serum triglyceride levels were considerably higher in donkeys. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase showed a striking peak in mules in August, whereas the remaining gamma-glutamyltransferase values were lower compared to donkeys. By comparing donkeys and mules, the present work reveals differences in various blood parameters which should be considered for diagnoses and future studies.     

The role of neurokinin A and its receptor in the regulation of prolactin secretion by the anterior pituitary of cyclic pigs

In pigs, plasma prolactin concentration markedly changes during the oestrous cycle and the regulation of its secretion is very complex. The contribution of neurokinins in this process has not been sufficiently delineated. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of neurokinin A (NKA) on prolactin synthesis and secretion in cyclic gilts. The expression of NKA precursor (Ppta) and receptor (Tacr2) genes as well as NKA and TACR proteins content in the porcine pituitaries (days 2–3, 9–10, 12–13, 15–16 and 19–20 of the cycle) was determined. Furthermore, the in vitro influence of NKA on the expression of prolactin (Prl), dopamine receptor (D2r), TRH receptor (Trhr) genes and prolactin secretion by the porcine pituitary cells (days 9–10, 15–16 and 19–20 of the cycle) was assessed. The expression of Ppta and Tacr2 as well as NKA and TACR proteins in the pituitary tissue has been changing throughout the oestrous cycle. NKA affected in vitro the expression of studied genes and prolactin secretion depending on the stage of the cycle, dose of NKA and/or duration of the cell incubation. Altogether, the study indicates that NKA is engaged in the modulation of prolactin secretion in the pig during the oestrous cycle.     

绵羊垂体促性腺激素细胞的细胞类型以及在发情周期内的变化

本研究以绵羊发情周期内的不同时期、即黄体期,卵泡前期,卵泡后期和排卵后期的垂体组织为研究对象,利用免疫荧光单和双标记方法研究绵羊垂体促性腺激素细胞的细胞类型以及在发情周期内的变化。研究结果证明：在绵羊发情周期内,垂体促黄体激素免疫萤光单标记,促卵泡激素免疫荧光单标记和ＬＨ／ＦＳＨ免疫荧光双标记细胞的细胞阳性率之间地间无显著差异;绵羊垂体ＦＳＨ和ＬＨ分泌细胞属同一细胞类型,并且在发情周期内无明显变化     

Differences in the effectiveness of reproduction among ten breeding strains of the common carp Cyprinus carpio L. after stimulation of ovulation with carp pituitary homogenate or [(D‐Ala6, Pro9NEt) mGnRH‐a + metoclopramide] (Ovopel)

This study focused on the reproduction effectiveness of 10 breeding strains of common carp (Polish strains 2, 3, 6; Hungarian strains 0, W, 7; Lithuanian strain B; French strain F; Israeli strain D and Yugoslavian strain J) after stimulation of ovulation with carp pituitary homogenate or Ovopel. The percentage of females with recorded ovulation became higher after Ovopel treatment in as many as eight breeding strains (2, 3, 6, 0, W, B, F, D). The interaction between the spawning agent and the breeding strain was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) for the mass of spawn and non‐significant for traits determining the quality of eggs. Among the 10 breeding strains, in 4 (3, 7, B, J) the least‐squares means (LSM) for the weight of egg (g) were higher for fish stimulated with Ovopel. Among the strains tested, in seven (3, W, F, J, 2, 7, B), the LSM for the percentage of living embryos after 36 h incubation were higher for fish treated with Ovopel. The evaluation of reproduction effects based on the values of such parameters as the percentage of ovulating females, weight of eggs (g) and the percentage of live embryos (36 h) showed that after Ovopel treatment the poorer effects were obtained only for strains 6, 0 and D.     

Induced ovulation of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) using a combination of a gonadotrop‐releasing hormone analogue and domperidone

The effects of an intraperitoneal hormone injection of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (D‐Ala⁶, Pro⁹‐NEt GnRHa) alone or in combination with a dopamine antagonist, domperidone (DOM), on ovulation induction in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were tested. The hormone treatments were as follows: 6 mg kg⁻¹ body weight (BW) of carp pituitary extract as a positive control, GnRHa 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg kg⁻¹ BW and a combination of GnRHa and DOM as follows: 10 μg+5 mg, 20 μg+10 mg, 40 μg+20 mg and 80 μg+40 mg kg⁻¹ BW. Physiological saline (0.7% NaCl) was used as a negative control. Significant differences in the ovulation ratio, latency period and ovulation index (OI) were observed among treatments (P<0.05). The combination of GnRHa and DOM at doses of 40 μg+20 mg kg⁻¹ BW had higher values of the ovulation ratio and OI, and a shorter latency period compared with other treatments. The highest OI in GnRHa treatments was only 56.67%, suggesting a dopaminergic tone on gonadotropin secretion in this fish at the pre‐ovulatory stage. Therefore, ovulation can be successfully induced in yellow catfish with 40 μg kg⁻¹ GnRHa+20 mg kg⁻¹ DOM without affecting the egg quality.