一种快速大量提取禾谷类作物幼苗期总RNA的方法

为探索一种快速、大量提取禾谷类作物总RNA的方法,利用改良的热酚法提取禾谷类作物(玉米、水稻和小麦)幼苗期不同组织的总RNA,该方法在2.5 mL的离心管中进行,在提取缓冲液中增加了巯基乙醇,对传统的操作步骤进行了优化.提取的RNA质量较高,纯度检测表明RNA样品OD260/OD280在1.8～2.1之间,含量约为10 μg/μL.RT-PCR和Northern杂交结果表明RNA可以满足进一步分子操作的需要.     

厌氧流化床处理含酚废水的发酵效能

采用厌氧活性炭流化床反应器处理中等浓度含酚有机废水，经过３８４天连续运行，在稳定状态下，投入的有机基质（酚和乙酸钠）被彻底降解，有９２％以上转化为甲烷，仅有４％左右同化为生物体，有机物去除率达到９４％以上，结果表明，这是一种发酵效能高，处理效果好的有机废水处理方法。     

苯酚废水处理的试验研究

通过试验对比了活性炭吸附法、电解法、活性炭填充电极电解法处理苯酚废水的效果,探讨了其反应机理。在对影响处理苯酚废水去除率的各种要素如反应时间、电流密度、原水浓度、pH值等进行条件试验后,得出了去除苯酚静态试验的最佳条件。对活性炭填充电极电解法处理苯酚废水而言,电流密度、原水浓度、pH值的影响不大,最佳反应时间为60 m in,最佳NaC l投加量为0.2%。     

土壤农化性状对土壤酚类物质积累的影响

土壤中酚类物质是土壤有毒物的主要来源。它在土壤中能否积累取决于土壤肥力和土壤酸碱度。三耕土的C/N和全N量与头耕土相近,但前者腐殖质难于形成,土壤容易中毒。笔者认为,这是土壤中N素形态影响的结果。因此必须注重土壤培肥,使地力常新壮。     

Effect of Pesticides On Certain Soil Biological and Biochemical Indices of a Paddy Soil

A 21-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of pesticides (Triazophos, Butaehlor and Jinggangmycin) on a paddy field soil health under controlled moisture (flooded soil) and temperature (25℃ ) conditions. The electron transport system (ETS)/dehydrogenase activity displayed a negative correlation with pesticides concentrations, and the activity was affected adversely as the concentration of the pesticides increased. The higher doses of pesticides,5 and 10 folds field rates, significantly inhibited ETS activity, while lower rates failed to produce any significant reducing effect against the control. The relative toxicity level of pesticides in decreasing the ETS activity was in the following order:Triazophos＞Jinggangmycin＞Butachlor, irrespective of their rates of application. The pesticides caused an improvement in the soil phenol content and it increased with increasing the concentration of agrochemicals. The pesticide incorporation did not produce any significant change in soil protein content. The response of biomass phospholipid content was nearly similar to ETS activity. The phospholipid content was decreased with the addition of pesticides in the given order of Triazophos＞Jinggangmycin＞Butachlor; and the toxicity was in the order: 10 FR (times of field rate)＞5 FR＞1.0 FR＞0.5 FR＞control.     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮修饰碳糊电极法测定水中苯酚

提出了以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（ＰＶＰｒ）修饰碳糊电极测定水中苯酚的方法．在０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＣｌ的酚试液中开路富集后，在磷酸盐缓冲液介质（ｐＨ５．６）中溶出，用微分脉冲伏安法测定，苯酚的溶出峰电位为＋０．７３Ｖ（Ａｇ－ＡｇＣｌ参比电极），检测限为０．０５μｇ／Ｌ．应用该法测定了废水中苯酚的含量，并讨论了该法测定苯酚的影响因素，比较了几种修饰电极测定苯酚的灵敏度，探讨了苯酚在该修饰电极上的富集机理     

苯与过氧化氢直接催化氧化合成苯酚

研究苯一步催化氧化合成苯酚的新方法，以Ｆｅ－Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｏ／海泡石为催化剂，双氧水及添加剂为氧化剂。探讨添加剂性质、催化反应温度及双氧水浓度对反应过程的影响规律，并提出催化氧化的反应机理。     

Mango explant browning: Effect of ontogenic age,mycorrhization and pre-treatments

The in vitro performance of mango shoot culture is delimited by several factors, of which explant necrosis and media browning are considered as major constraints for successful exploitation of such an important commercial crop. Our results showed that source of explants had a significant effect on the performance of in vitro cultures of mango. The variations in survival of explants collected from glasshouse grown seedlings and field-grown stock plants indicated towards differences between their physiological/ontogenic age. Though, chronologically, both are young, the glasshouse grown shoots are ontogenetically younger and; therefore, responded better over field-grown shoots. Improved performance of explants harvested from mycorrhizal plants suggests integration of mycorrhizal biotechnology with tissue culture biotechnology in order to achieve better results as mycorrhiza being a well-known stress alleviator may help explants mitigate in vitro stresses. Furthermore, shoot tip explants of field-grown ‘Amrapali’ mango was assayed for their browning propensity at pre- and post-culture stages. Status of different bio-chemicals such as in vivo phenol, in vitro phenol exudation, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase as affected by various pre-treatments were estimated to establish the relationship of these bio-chemicals with necrosis of mango shoot cultures. The different pre-treatments comprised etiolation of newly emerged shoots (5–7 days old) of stock plants using black polythene for 7 days, etiolation treatment + agitation of explants in antioxidant solution (antioxidants: ascorbic acid at 100 mg l⁻¹ + citric acid at 50 mg l⁻¹), etiolation treatment + agitation of explants in polyvinylpyrrolidone solution (PVP) at 0.2% and non-etiolated control. Of these, explants treated with PVP proved to be superior to other treatments with regards to explant necrosis percentage as such explants exhibited least activities of phenols and oxidative enzymes. Correlation studies indicated existence of high positive correlation between explant necrosis and these bio-chemicals.     

蝴蝶兰外植体褐变发生与总酚含量、PPO、POD和PAL的关系

 蝴蝶兰外植体在褐变发生前期PPO和POD活力皆升高, 褐变发生后酶活力下降。同工酶谱分析发现, 培养0 d的蝴蝶兰外植体PPO没有酶带出现, 而POD有1条弱带。离体培养2 d POD出现3条酶带, 第4天有新酶带Ⅰ发生, 随后消失, 其余3条带, 随培养天数的延长, 酶带活性渐弱。PPO同工酶谱在培养2 d出现3条酶带, 迁移率为0128的酶带Ⅲ在培养4 d活性较强, 随后3条酶带减弱。总酚含量和PAL活力随外植体褐变增强而逐渐增加, 两者呈现极显著正相关。